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Uddin M, Venkatesan SK, Pal SK, Vinu R, Sekar K, Kandasamy R. Accelerating biodegradation efficiency of low-density polyethylene and its hazardous dissolved organic matter using unexplored polyolefin-respiring bacteria: New insights on degradation characterization, biomolecule influence and biotransformation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138144. [PMID: 40187246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2025] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly increased low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste in landfills, posing new environmental risks due to the release of hazardous dissolved organic matter (DOM). Current LDPE degradation technologies are inadequate and are restricted by a limited understanding of the biotransformation pathway. This study aims to accelerate the biodegradability of LDPE and DOM using Morganella morganii PQ533186 isolated from LDPE-laden municipal landfill. The in-vitro LDPE biodegradation demonstrated a 42.18 % weight loss within 120 days. The accelerated biodegradability of LDPE by M. morganii is attributed to the concurrent production of biocatalysts and bio-amphiphiles, coupled with effective bacterial colonization on LDPE surfaces. The FT-IR analysis reveals oxidation with enhancement in O-H (11.29-folds), CO (17.65-folds), CC (6.70-folds), C-O (8.51-folds), and C-O-C (6.37-folds) indices. The DSC and XRD analyses divulge reduced crystallinity (33.57 %) and increased interplanar d-spacing of (110) and (200) reflections from 4.09 and 3.71 Å to 4.17 and 3.80 Å, respectively. The Raman, XPS, TG-DTG, and Contact-angle measurements demonstrate reduced density, carbon content, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity. The degradation was confirmed using 1H NMR, GC-MS, and Py/GC-MS analyses. Furthermore, DOM released from LDPE biodegradation, comprising monomers and additives was biodegraded with an 84.61 % COD reduction within 6 days. The mechanistic investigation elucidated a two-stage oxidoreductase and hydrolase-mediated LDPE biotransformation pathway involving biocatalytic oxidation and DOM release. Subsequently, the released DOM undergoes terminal biocatalytic oxidation, yielding simpler non-toxic end products. The present study is the first report to present novel insights into the degradation characterization, pivotal contribution of biomolecules, and in-depth biotransformation pathways which are responsible for the accelerated degradation of both LDPE and hazardous DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maseed Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Swathi Krishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Subhan Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ravikrishnan Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Indo German Center for Sustainability, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ramani Kandasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Naaz T, Kumari S, Sharma K, Singh V, Khan AA, Pandit S, Priya K, Jadhav DA. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon by co-culturing of biosurfactant-producing bacteria in microbial fuel cell with Fe 2O 3-modified anode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119768. [PMID: 38100858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The most common type of environmental contamination is petroleum hydrocarbons. Sustainable and environmentally friendly treatment strategies must be explored in light of the increasing challenges of toxic and critical wastewater contamination. This paper deals with the bacteria-producing biosurfactant and their employment in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-containing waste through a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (exoelectrogen) as co-culture for simultaneous power generation. Staphylococcus aureus is isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and is effective in hydrocarbon degradation by utilizing hydrocarbon (engine oil) as the only carbon source. The biosurfactant was purified using silica-gel column chromatography and characterised through FTIR and GCMS, which showed its glycolipid nature. The isolated strains are later employed in the MFCs for the degradation of the hydrocarbon and power production simultaneously which has shown a power density of 6.4 W/m3 with a 93% engine oil degradation rate. A biogenic Fe2O3 nanoparticle (NP) was synthesized using Bambusa arundinacea shoot extract for anode modification. It increased the power output by 37% and gave the power density of 10.2 W/m3. Thus, simultaneous hydrocarbon bioremediation from oil-contamination and energy recovery can be achieved effectively in MFC with modified anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseena Naaz
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kanu Priya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dipak A Jadhav
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
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Tsai JM, Kuo HW, Cheng W. Retrospective Screening of Anthrax-like Disease Induced by Bacillus tropicus str. JMT from Chinese Soft-Shell Turtles in Taiwan. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050693. [PMID: 37242363 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is ubiquitous in the environment and a well-known causative agent of foodborne disease. Surprisingly, more and more emerging strains of atypical B. cereus have been identified and related to severe disease in humans and mammals such as chimpanzees, apes, and bovine. Recently, the atypical B. cereus isolates, which mainly derive from North America and Africa, have drawn great attention due to the potential risk of zoonosis. The cluster of B. cereus carries several anthrax-like virulent genes that are implicated in lethal disease. However, in non-mammals, the distribution of atypical B. cereus is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a retrospective screening of the 32 isolates of Bacillus spp. from diseased Chinese soft-shelled turtles from 2016 to 2020. To recognize the causative agent, we used various methods, such as sequencing analysis using PCR-amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, multiplex PCR for discriminating, and colony morphology by following previous studies. Furthermore, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated, respectively, below the 70 and 96% cutoff to define species boundaries. According to the summarized results, the pathogen is taxonomically classified as Bacillus tropicus str. JMT (previous atypical Bacillus cereus). Subsequently, analyses such as targeting the unique genes using PCR and visual observation of the bacteria under various staining techniques were implemented in our study. Our findings show that all (32/32, 100%) isolates in this retrospective screening share similar phenotypical properties and carry the protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), hyaluronic acid (HA), and exopolysaccharide (Bps) genes on their plasmids. In this study, the results indicate that the geographic distribution and host range of B. tropicus were previously underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Tsai
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Fish Doctor Veterinary Clinic, Pingtung 94042, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Dias MAM, Nitschke M. Bacterial-derived surfactants: an update on general aspects and forthcoming applications. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:103-123. [PMID: 36662441 PMCID: PMC9857925 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for sustainable alternatives to the production of chemicals using renewable substrates and natural processes has been widely encouraged. Microbial surfactants or biosurfactants are surface-active compounds synthesized by fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. Due to their great metabolic versatility, bacteria are the most traditional and well-known microbial surfactant producers, being Bacillus and Pseudomonas species their typical representatives. To be successfully applied in industry, surfactants need to maintain stability under the harsh environmental conditions present in manufacturing processes; thus, the prospection of biosurfactants derived from extremophiles is a promising strategy to the discovery of novel and useful molecules. Bacterial surfactants show interesting properties suitable for a range of applications in the oil industry, food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, bioremediation, and more recently, nanotechnology. In addition, they can be synthesized using renewable resources as substrates, contributing to the circular economy and sustainability. The article presents a general and updated review of bacterial-derived biosurfactants, focusing on the potential of some groups that are still underexploited, as well as, recent trends and contributions of these versatile biomolecules to circular bioeconomy and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos André Moura Dias
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CP 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brasil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
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Venkatesan SK, Uddin M, Rajasekaran M, Ganesan S. Supramolecular bioamphiphile facilitated bioemulsification and concomitant treatment of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in petroleum refining industry oily waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120164. [PMID: 36113645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of real-time petroleum refining industry oily waste (PRIOW) is a major challenge due to the poor emulsification potential and oil sludge disintegration efficiency of conventional bioamphiphile molecules. The present study was focused on the design of a covalently engineered supramolecular bioamphiphile complex (SUBC) rich in hydrophobic amino acids for proficient emulsification of hydrocarbons followed by the concomitant degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in PRIOW using the hydrocarbonoclastic microbial bio-formulation system. The synthesis of SUBC was carried out by pH regulated microbial biosynthesis process and the yield was obtained to be 450.8 mg/g of petroleum oil sludge. The FT-IR and XPS analyses of SUBC revealed the anchoring of hydrophilic moieties of monomeric bioamphiphilic molecules, resulting in the formation of SUBC via covalent interaction. The SUBC was found to be lipoprotein in nature. The maximum loading capacity of SUBC onto surface modified rice hull (SMRH) was achieved to be 45.25 mg/g SMRH at the optimized conditions using RSM-CCD design. The SUBC anchored SMRH was confirmed using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA analyses. The adsorption isotherm models of SUBC onto SMRH were performed. The integrated approach of SUBC-SMRH and hydrocarbonoclastic microbial bio-formulation system, emulsified oil from PRIOW by 92.86 ± 2.26% within 24 h and degraded TPH by 89.25 ± 1.75% within 4 days at the optimum dosage ratio of SUBC-SMRH (0.25 g): PRIOW (1 g): mass of microbial-assisted biocarrier material (0.05 g). The TPH degradation was confirmed by SARA fractional analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses. The study suggested that the application of covalently engineered SUBC has resulted in the accelerated degradation of real-time PRIOW in a very short duration without any secondary sludge generation. Thus, the SUBC integrated approach can be considered to effectively manage the hydrocarbon contaminants from petroleum refining industries under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Krishnan Venkatesan
- Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maseed Uddin
- Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muneeswari Rajasekaran
- Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Ganesan
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai-600089, India
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Using Large-Scale Multi-Module NRPS to Heterologously Prepare Highly Efficient Lipopeptide Biosurfactants in Recombinant Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 159:110068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shen N, Yang M, Xie C, Pan J, Pang K, Zhang H, Wang Y, Jiang M. Isolation and identification of a feather degrading Bacillus tropicus strain Gxun-17 from marine environment and its enzyme characteristics. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 35307009 PMCID: PMC8935741 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feathers are the most abundant agricultural waste produced by poultry farms. The accumulation of a large number of feathers not only seriously pollutes the environment but also causes the waste of protein resources. The degradation of feather waste by keratinase-producing strains is currently a promising method. Therefore, screening high-producing keratinase strains from marine environment and studying the fermentation conditions, enzymatic properties and feather degradation mechanism are crucial for efficient degradation of feathers. Results A novel efficient feather-degrading bacteria, Gxun-17, isolated from the soil sample of a marine duck farm of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China, was identified as Bacillus tropicus. The optimum fermentation conditions were obtained by single factor and orthogonal tests as follows: feather concentration of 15 g/L, maltose concentration of 10.0 g/L, MgSO4 concentration of 0.1 g/L, initial pH of 7.0 and temperature of 32.5 °C. The strain completely degraded the feathers within 48 h, and the highest keratinase activity was 112.57 U/mL, which was 3.18-fold that obtained with the basic medium (35.37 U/mL). Detecting the keratinase activity and the content of sulphur-containing compounds in the fermentation products showed that the degradation of feathers by the strain might be a synergistic effect of the enzyme and sulphite. The keratinase showed optimal enzyme activity at pH 7.0 and temperature of 60 °C. The keratinase had the best performance on the casein substrate. When casein was used as the substrate, the Km and Vmax values were 15.24 mg/mL and 0.01 mg/(mL·min), respectively. Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Co2+, Al3+, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and isopropanol inhibited keratinase activity, which indicated that it was a serine keratinase. Conversely, the keratinase activity strongly increased with the addition of Mn2+ and β-mercaptoethanol. Conclusions A novel feather-degrading B. tropicus Gxun-17 was obtained from marine environment. The strain adapted the extreme conditions such as low temperature, high salt and high pressure. Thus, the keratinase had high activity, wide range of temperature and pH, salt tolerance and other characteristics, which had potential application value. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00742-w.
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