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Prabhu H, Ravishankar CM, Ganesan A, Pandya M, Bhosale H, Dhadwal R, Parlikkad NR, Siarry P, Valadi JK. Enhancing random forest model prediction of gas holdup in internal draft airlift loop contactors with genetic algorithms tuning and interpretability. Sci Rep 2025; 15:9325. [PMID: 40102488 PMCID: PMC11920249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-92728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Gas holdup in an Internal Loop Airlift Contactor (ILAC) is one of the primary hydrodynamic features that governs the performance of the contactor. Prediction of gas holdup assumes importance in the design of airlift contactor. The key challenge in prediction of gas holdup is due to the difficulty in obtaining reliable phenomenological models. The improved prediction accuracies can provide better contactor design and equipment performance. The current work focuses on the use of data driven models for prediction of gas holdup, as the existing empirical correlations were found to be inadequate. In this work, 324 data points from the reported works on internal draft airlift contactor are consolidated. The input part of the examples in the data set consists of ten features which are related to geometry, fluid properties and operating conditions. This study improves the predictive accuracy of gas holdup, the output variable, in ILACs using a Random Forest (RF) model optimized via Genetic Algorithms (GA). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) based interpretability reveals the contribution of key features. The tuned model achieved a Coefficient of Determination (R²) score of 0.9542 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 0.0059, surpassing traditional parameter sets and providing insights into hydrodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Prabhu
- School of Computing and Data Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Charan M Ravishankar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhishek Ganesan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mayur Pandya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Hrushikesh Bhosale
- School of Computing and Data Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Renu Dhadwal
- School of Computing and Data Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Naren Rajan Parlikkad
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shabangu KP, Chetty M, Bakare BF. Metagenomic Insights into Pollutants in Biorefinery and Dairy Wastewater: rDNA Dominance and Electricity Generation in Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2025; 12:88. [PMID: 39851362 PMCID: PMC11761944 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of biorefinery and dairy wastewater as substrates for electricity generation in double chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (DCMFC), focusing on their microbial taxonomy and electrochemical viability. Taxonomic analysis using 16S/18S rDNA-targeted DGGE and high-throughput sequencing identified Proteobacteria as dominant in biorefinery biomass, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteriodota. In dairy biomass, Lactobacillus (77.36%) and Clostridium (15.70%) were most prevalent. Biorefinery wastewater exhibited the highest bioelectrochemical viability due to its superior electrical conductivity and salinity, achieving a voltage yield of 65 mV, compared to 75.2 mV from mixed substrates and 1.7 mV from dairy wastewater. Elevated phosphate levels in dairy wastewater inhibited bioelectrochemical processes. This study recommends Biorefinery wastewater as the most suitable purely organic substrate for efficient bioelectricity generation and scaling up of MFCs, emphasising the importance of substrate selection for optimal energy output for practical and commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaya Pearlman Shabangu
- Green Engineering & Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, S3 L3, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Environmental Pollution and Remediation Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4062, South Africa;
| | - Manimagalay Chetty
- Green Engineering & Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, S3 L3, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way (off Robert Sobukwe Road) Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Babatunde Femi Bakare
- Environmental Pollution and Remediation Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4062, South Africa;
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Ravi Kiran B, Singh P, Kuravi SD, Mohanty K, Venkata Mohan S. Modulating cultivation regimes of Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 for biomass productivity integrated with resource recovery via hydrothermal liquefaction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120458. [PMID: 38479286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 potential in treating dairy wastewater (autoclaved (ADWW) and raw (DWW)) with relation to nutrient removal, in-vivo Chl-a-based biomass, and bio-oil synthesis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics revealed improved photochemical efficiency (0.639, Fv/Fm) in M. gracile when grown with DWW. This may be owing to enhanced electron transport being mediated by an effective water-splitting complex at photosystem (PSII) of thylakoids. The increase in ABS/RC observed in DWW can be attributed to the elevated chlorophyll content and reduced light dissipation, as evident by higher values of ETo/RC and a decrease in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). M. gracile inoculated in DWW had the highest Chl-a-biomass yield (1.8 g L-1) and biomolecules while maximum nutrient removal efficiency was observed in ADWW (83.7% TN and 60.07% TP). M. gracile exhibited substantial bio-oil yield of 29.6% and high calorific value of 37.19 MJ kg-1, predominantly composed of hydrocarbons along with nitrogen and oxygen cyclic compounds. This research offers a thorough investigation into wastewater treatment, illustrating the conversion of algal biomass into valuable energy sources and chemical intermediates within the framework of a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ranjbar S, Malcata FX. Hydrothermal Liquefaction: How the Holistic Approach by Nature Will Help Solve the Environmental Conundrum. Molecules 2023; 28:8127. [PMID: 38138616 PMCID: PMC10745749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) represents a beacon of scientific innovation, which unlocks nature's alchemical wonders while reshaping the waste-to-energy platform. This transformative technology offers sustainable solutions for converting a variety of waste materials to valuable energy products and chemicals-thus addressing environmental concerns, inefficiencies, and high costs associated with conventional waste-management practices. By operating under high temperature and pressure conditions, HTL efficiently reduces waste volume, mitigates harmful pollutant release, and extracts valuable energy from organic waste materials. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the HTL process and explores its applications. Key process parameters, diverse feedstocks, various reactor designs, and recent advancements in HTL technology are thoroughly discussed. Diverse applications of HTL products are examined, and their economic viability toward integration in the market is assessed. Knowledge gaps and opportunities for further exploration are accordingly identified, with a focus on optimizing and scaling up the HTL process for commercial applications. In conclusion, HTL holds great promise as a sustainable technology for waste management, chemical synthesis, and energy production, thus making a significant contribution to a more sustainable future. Its potential to foster a circular economy and its versatility in producing valuable products underscore its transformative role in shaping a more sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ranjbar
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associated Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associated Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Mohanty SS, Mohanty K. Valorization of Chlorella thermophila biomass cultivated in dairy wastewater for biopesticide production against bacterial rice blight: a circular biorefinery approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:644. [PMID: 38097976 PMCID: PMC10722807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Biopesticides offer a sustainable and efficient alternative to synthetic pesticides, providing a safer and more eco-friendly solution to pest management. The present work proposes an innovative approach that integrates crop protection and wastewater treatment using thermophilic microalgal strain Chlorella thermophila (CT) cultivated in nutrient-rich dairy wastewater as a growth medium. The microalgae was cultivated mixotrophically and was able to reduce both organic carbon as well as nutrient load of the dairy wastewater efficiently. The integrated circular biorefinery approach combines biomass cultivation, extraction of biopesticide compounds, and conversion to biocrude. The antimicrobial activity of the biopesticidal extracts against Xanthomonas oryzae and Pantoea agglomerans, the causative agent of bacterial rice blight, is assessed through in vitro studies. The biomass extract obtained is able to inhibit the growth of both the above-mentioned plant pathogens successfully. Mass spectroscopy analysis indicates the presence of Neophytadiene that has previously been reported for the inhibition of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Several other value-added products such as linoleic acid and nervonic acids were also been detected in the microalgal biomass which have extremely high nutraceutical and medicinal values. Furthermore, the study investigates the potential for co-production of biocrude from the biorefinery process via hydrothermal liquefaction. Overall, the findings of this present work represent an innovative and sustainable approach that combines wastewater treatment and crop protection using microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Sundar Mohanty
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
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