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Wang Y, Cai Y, Zhao S, Wei A, Zhang P, Wan H, Li Y. A multi-objective optimization model integrating machine learning and time-frequency analysis for supporting nitrogen and phosphorus pollution reduction in Guangzhou city, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 385:125612. [PMID: 40328123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
The unbridled discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) pollutants is believed to have surpassed ecosystem resilience limits for many regions, which is of great concern to research and governmental communities. In this research, a multi-objective optimization model was developed based on integrating advanced optimization, time-frequency analysis, and machine learning approaches into a general modeling framework. Nonlinear relationships among a variety of driving forces and variations of NP pollution can be effectively reflected and handled under multiple time scales, directly capturing the intricacy and uncertainty of water surface system within certain regions. At the same time, impacts of climate change and industry structure adjustment were addressed for deeply analyzing complexities of NP pollution. Results of the model can be used for harmonizing economic development with multi-dimensional ecological requirements, which can then be employed for supporting the mitigation of NP pollution and the reduction of extreme pollution frequency. The developed model was demonstrated through a real-world case study in Guangzhou of south China, a city grappling with the daunting task of reducing NP pollution while addressing economic needs. The results showed that reasonable adjustments to the industrial production structure would effectively reduce NP pollution while maintaining stable economic growth. Guangzhou would reduce mean NP concentrations by 7.10 % and decrease extreme pollution frequencies by 52.57 % in 2025. This approach provided substantial value for quarterly production structure adjustment in a transitional environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Wang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shunyu Zhao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ao Wei
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hang Wan
- Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Youjie Li
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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