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Khutia S, Dawn A, Seal K, Chaudhuri H, Maji C, Mukherjee S. Age-dependent potential health risk assessment due to radioactive radon-222 in the environs of highly populated Durgapur industrial zone and nearby Bakreswar hot spring, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5727-5759. [PMID: 36646974 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exposure to a high concentration of radon-222 causes severe health effects, including cancer. The present article includes a survey on radon-222 in the water bodies of the city Durgapur [non-geothermal area] and nearby Bakreswar hot spring [geothermal province], India. The possible sources of radon from natural radionuclides and industries have been discussed in the article. Durgapur is a densely populated [~ 3680 persons/km2] industrial city with a population of 0.57 million. On the other hand, many tourists and pilgrims usually visit Bakreswar throughout the year. Age-dependent potential health risk assessments of the dwellers at Durgapur and Bakreswar due to radon exposure were performed for the first time. The present work is the first attempt to estimate the mean ingestion /and inhalation dose per annum, total effective dose [TED] per annum and the health risk assessment for cancer in adults, children and infants due to radon exposure at Durgapur and Bakreswar. In some cases, the values of TED exceed the permissible limit of 100 micro Sievert per year [µSv/y] as recommended by EUC and WHO. The radiation profile maps relating to radon concentration and associated contour maps of health risk factors [HRF] for the adults, children and infants were also prepared for the first time. Some areas were identified as high-risk zones, and the dwellers are prone to a high risk of cancer. The article also proposed several techniques to reduce radon in water and buildings. The authors also recommended banning some water sources to protect people from radon risk. This study will help scientists, policymakers, industrialists, farmers, government agencies and public health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Khutia
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Ankita Dawn
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Physics, Durgapur Women's College, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Kankana Seal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Hirok Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
| | - Chiranjit Maji
- Department of Science (Physics), Quantum School of Graduate Studies, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
| | - Suvashree Mukherjee
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
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Rani S, Kansal S, Singla AK, Mehra R. Radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon in water of Barnala district, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5011-5024. [PMID: 34173905 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various research studies have shown that exposure to radon gas is a cause of concern for health effects to the public. The present work has been carried out for the radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon isotopes in drinking water of Barnala district of Punjab, India, for the first time using scintillation-based radiation detector. A total of 100 samples were collected from different sources of water (canal and underground water) from 25 villages on grid pattern of 6 × 6 km2 in the study area for uniform mapping. In situ measurements were carried out to find out Rn-222 concentration in water samples. The measured values have been found to vary from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 9.84 ± 0.59 BqL-1 with an average value of 3.37 ± 0.29 BqL-1, which is well below the recommended limit of 100 BqL-1(WHO 2004). The annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of radon has also been calculated for various age groups like infants, children and adults to understand the age-wise dose distribution. The calculated values suggest that there is no significant health risk to the general public from radon in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rani
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sandeep Kansal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singla
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India
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Ahmad ST, Almuhsin IA, Hamad WM. Radon activity concentrations in Jale and Mersaid warm water springs in Koya District, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nazir S, Simnani S, Sahoo BK, Rashid I, Masood S. Dose estimation of radioactivity in groundwater of Srinagar City, Northwest Himalaya, employing fluorimetric and scintillation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:837-854. [PMID: 32328895 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The research is a maiden study aimed to assess the radioactivity in groundwater of Srinagar City using uranium and radon as proxies. In this study, 60 water samples were collected from various water sources that include bore wells, hand pumps and lakes of Srinagar City. Among them, 45 samples were taken from groundwater with depths ranging from 6 to - 126 m and the rest of the 15 samples were collected from surface sources like lakes, rivers and tap water. A gamma radiation survey of the area was carried out prior to collection of water samples, using a gamma radiation detector. A scintillation-based detector was utilized to measure radon, while as LED fluorimetry was employed to assess uranium in water samples. The average uranium concentration was found to be 2.63 μg L-1 with a maximum value of 15.28 μg L-1 which is less than the globally accepted permissible level of 30 µg L-1. 222Radon concentration varied from 0.2 to 38.5 Bq L-1 with an average value of 8.9 Bq L-1. The radon concentration in 19 groundwater samples (32% of total sites) exceeded the permissible limits of 11 Bq L-1 set by USEPA. This information could be of vital importance to health professionals in Kashmir who are researching on the incidence of lung cancers in the region given the fact that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancers after smoking worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Nazir
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shakeel Simnani
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Geoinformatics Program, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Masood
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
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Monitoring geothermal springs and groundwater of Pir Panjal, Jammu and Kashmir, for radon contamination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duggal V, Sharma S, Mehra R. Risk assessment of radon in drinking water in Khetri Copper Belt of Rajasthan, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124782. [PMID: 31520978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exceptionally high concentrations of radon have been found in drinking water originating from hand pumps in Khetri Copper Belt of Rajasthan. Radon concentration was determined using Durridge RAD7 professional electronic radon detector. The measured radon concentration ranged from 12.5 ± 1.5 to 862 ± 38 Bq l-1. About 35% of the drinking water samples showed radon concentrations above the European Union's parametric value of 100 Bq l-1. The high radon concentration obtained in groundwater is due to local natural geology. The total annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation of radon in drinking water varied from 0.10 to 6.7 mSv y-1 for infants, 0.06-3.8 mSv y-1 for children and 0.06-4.4 mSv y-1 for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Duggal
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
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Chen J. A DISCUSSION ON ISSUES WITH RADON IN DRINKING WATER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:526-531. [PMID: 30929000 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the world's population relies on surface water or large public supply systems of groundwater, where radon is low and a guidance value for radon in drinking water is not necessary. However, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently issued a dose coefficient for radon ingestion, raising questions among some radiation protection authorities about whether radon guidance values should be calculated for drinking water and how this might be done. Unlike many other radionuclides considered in drinking water management, radon has special characteristics and therefore requires special considerations. This note discusses some of these considerations, and also provides a brief review of radon concentrations measured in well-water supplies, especially private well-water systems, and cold tap water consumption rates reported in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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S S, D R R, E S, J S. Measurement of radon concentration in drinking water and natural radioactivity in soil and their radiological hazards. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1693175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh S
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society’s S.D.M Degree College, Honavar, India
| | - Rangaswamy D R
- Department of Studies & Research in Physics, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
- Department of Physics, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivasa E
- Department of Physics, IDSG Government College, Chikmagalur, India
| | - Sannappa J
- Department of Studies & Research in Physics, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
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Sannappa J, Suresh S, Rangaswamy DR, Srinivasa E. Estimation of ambient gamma radiation dose and drinking water radon concentration in coastal taluks of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Divya PV, Prakash V. Investigation on radon concentration in drinking water to assess the whole body dose and excess lifetime cancer risk along coastal Kerala, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tan W, Li Y, Tan K, Xie Y, Han S, Wang P. Distribution of radon and risk assessment of its radiation dose in groundwater drinking for village people nearby the W-polymetallic metallogenic district at Dongpo in southern Hunan province, China. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 151:39-45. [PMID: 31158704 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Radon in the household water (especially groundwater) which is an important source of indoor radon, has become a potential health hazard to residents. In this study, radon concentrations in groundwater sampled from five villages near Dongpo W-polymetallic metallogenic region were measured using RAD-7 detector with RAD H2O accessory, and the effect of regional geology and mineralization on radon concentration in groundwater was studied. In addition, we also estimated the radiation doses received by people via ingestion of radon in water and inhalation of the radon from the indoor air while using water. The results show that the radon concentration in groundwater samples varies from 1.29 Bq L-1 to 31.31 Bq L-1 with 10.47 Bq L-1 on average, and about 31.3% of the groundwater samples analyzed have a higher radon concentration than the maximum contaminant level of 11.1 Bq L-1 recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The relatively high radon level in groundwater can be attributed to a relatively high uranium background produced by the magmatic activity and magmatic-hydrothermal system. The values of annual effective dose (AEDing) due to ingestion of radon in groundwater range from 0.002 mSv y-1 to 0.055 mSv y-1, 0.005 mSv y-1 to 0.11 mSv y-1 and 0.008 mSv y-1 to 0.188 mSv y-1 for adult, child and infant respectively. The values of annual effective dose due to the inhalation of radon released from water are 63.6, 15.4 and 3.8 times of those through the ingestion of radon in groundwater by the adults, children and infants, respectively. In addition, the values of estimated total annual effective doses are 0.020-0.480 mSv y-1, 0.017-0.406 mSv y-1 and 0.020-0.484 mSv y-1 for adult, child and infant, respectively. These values are much lower than the reference dose level of 1 mSv y-1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Kaixuan Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yanshi Xie
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shili Han
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Mittal S, Rani A, Mehra R. Estimation of radon concentration in soil and groundwater samples of Northern Rajasthan, India. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Mittal
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144601, India
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Applied Science, Ferozepur College of Engineering and Technology, Farozshah, Ferozepur, Punjab, 142052, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India
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Shivakumara B, Chandrashekara M, Kavitha E, Paramesh L. Studies on 226Ra and 222Rn concentration in drinking water of Mandya region, Karnataka State, India. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.C. Shivakumara
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - M.S. Chandrashekara
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - E. Kavitha
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - L. Paramesh
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
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Asare-Donkor NK, Poku PA, Addison ECDK, Wemengah DD, Adimado AA. Measurement of radon concentration in groundwater in the Ashanti region of Ghana. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Radon levels in drinking water of Fatehabad district of Haryana, India. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 123:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Hydrochemistry and 222Rn Concentrations in Spring Waters in the Arid Zone El Granero, Chihuahua, Mexico. GEOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Mittal S, Rani A, Mehra R. Radon levels in drinking water and soil samples of Jodhpur and Nagaur districts of Rajasthan, India. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 113:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Singh P, Singh P, Sahoo BK, Bajwa BS. A study on uranium and radon levels in drinking water sources of a mineralized zone of Himachal Pradesh, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Rangaswamy DR, Srinivasa E, Srilatha MC, Sannappa J. Measurement of radon concentration in drinking water of Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Wang X, Li Y, Du J, Zhou X. Correlations between radon in soil gas and the activity of seismogenic faults in the Tangshan area, North China. RADIAT MEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Duggal V, Mehra R, Rani A. Determination of 222RN level in groundwater using a Rad7 detector in the Bathinda district of Punjab, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 156:239-245. [PMID: 23509398 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radon gas is a significant health threat linked to thousands of preventable deaths each year. In this paper, radon activity concentration is measured in 260 groundwater samples collected from 65 villages in the Bathinda district of Punjab State, India, using Rad7, an electronic radon detector (Durridge Co., USA). The radon concentration varies from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 5.1 ± 0.3 Bq l(-1) with a mean value of 2.63 Bq l(-1). The recorded values of radon concentration in groundwater are within the safe limit of 11 Bq l(-1) recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The annual effective dose in stomach and lungs per person is also evaluated in this research. The estimated total annual effective dose of adults ranged from 8.82 to 49.98 µSv y(-1). The total annual effective dose from all locations of the studied area is found to be within the safe limit (0.1 mSv y(-1)), recommended by World Health Organisation and EU Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Duggal
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 144001, India.
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Shabana ESI, Abulfaraj WH, Kinsara AA, Rizaiza OSA. Natural radioactivity in the groundwater of Wadi Nu'man, Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twenty-nine groundwater samples, collected from Wadi Nu'man wells, were analyzed for natural radioactivity to check for compliance with the national guideline values. Gross α and gross β screening, in addition to radon ( 222Rn) measurements, were performed for all samples. Samples of gross activity levels exceeding the national guideline values set out for drinking water were subjected to further investigation for radium and uranium isotopes using liquid scintillation counting and α-spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that the anomalous source was natural uranium. The water contains high concentrations of 222Rn and considerable levels of natural uranium. The 222Rn concentration ranged from 10–100 Bq/L with an average value of about 40 Bq/L. The uranium concentration, in samples of gross activity levels exceeding the national guideline value, ranged from 9 to 55 μg/L. The levels of 226Ra and 228Ra were below the detection limit of the counting system in all samples. The variation in the 222Rn and uranium concentrations was found to be linked with the local lithology. The higher values were recorded in the wells of Nu'man complex aquifer, where the predominating mineral is foliated monzonite. Recommendations and advices for water management to reduce radiation exposure to users are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar S. Abu Rizaiza
- King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Faculty of Engineering, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabien
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Geological and tectonic influence on water–soil–radon relationship in Mandi–Manali area, Himachal Himalaya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Godoy JM, Godoy ML. Natural radioactivity in Brazilian groundwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 85:71-83. [PMID: 16098643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 220 groundwater samples were analyzed for 228Ra, 226Ra, 222Rn, 210Pb, U(nat), Th(nat), pH, conductivity, fluoride and some additional elements determined by ICP-MS. Since samples from several Brazilian states were taken, involving areas with quite different geologies, no general trend was observed relating the chemical composition and the natural radionuclide content. On the other hand, 210Pb strongly depends on the water content of its progenitor, 222Rn. The values obtained during the present work were compared with those reported by Hainberger et al. [Hainberger, P.L., de Oliveira Paiva, I.R., Salles Andrade, H.A., Zundel, G., Cullen, T.L., 1974. Radioactivity in Brazilian mineral waters. Radiation Data and Reports, 483-488.], when more than 270 groundwater samples were analyzed, mainly, for 226Ra. Based on the results of both works, it was possible to build a database including the results of both works, generating a set with the radium content of circa 350 groundwater sources. It was demonstrated that 228Ra, 226Ra, 222Rn, 210Pb and U(nat) content in Brazilian groundwater follows a lognormal distribution and the obtained geometric mean were 0.045, 0.014, 57.7, 0.040 BqL(-1) and 1.2 microgL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcus Godoy
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Avenida Salvador Allende s/n, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, CEP 22780-160 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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