2
|
Zavarin M, Chang E, Wainwright H, Parham N, Kaukuntla R, Zouabe J, Deinhart A, Genetti V, Shipman S, Bok F, Brendler V. Community Data Mining Approach for Surface Complexation Database Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2827-2838. [PMID: 35104413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive data-to-model workflow, including a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) community sorption database (newly developed LLNL Surface Complexation/Ion Exchange (L-SCIE) database) along with a data fitting workflow to efficiently optimize surface complexation reaction constants with multiple surface complexation model (SCM) constructs. This workflow serves as a universal framework to mine, compile, and analyze large numbers of published sorption data as well as to estimate reaction constants for parameterizing reactive transport models. The framework includes (1) data digitization from published papers, (2) data unification including unit conversions, and (3) data-model integration and reaction constant estimation using geochemical software PHREEQC coupled with the universal parameter estimation code PEST. We demonstrate our approach using an analysis of U(VI) sorption to quartz based on a first L-SCIE implementation, concluding that a multisite SCM construct with carbonate surface species yielded the best fit to community data. Surface complexation reaction constants extracted from this approach captured all available sorption data available in the literature and provided insight into previously published reaction constants and surface complexation model constructs. The L-SCIE sorption database presented herein allows for automating this approach across a wide range of metals and minerals and implementing novel machine learning approaches to reactive transport in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mavrik Zavarin
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Elliot Chang
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Haruko Wainwright
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, U.C. Berkeley, 4153 Etcheverry Hall #1730, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas Parham
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Rahul Kaukuntla
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Jadallah Zouabe
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, U.C. Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amanda Deinhart
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Victoria Genetti
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sam Shipman
- Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Frank Bok
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Brendler
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Singh D, Avtar R, Hwang GH, Setiadi T, Lo WH. Technological solutions for long-term storage of partially used nuclear waste: A critical review. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
4
|
Khalidy R, Santos RM. Assessment of geochemical modeling applications and research hot spots-a year in review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3351-3374. [PMID: 33651264 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical modeling has been employed in several fields of science and engineering in recent years. This review seeks to provide an overview of case studies that applied geochemical modeling in the 2019 year, which includes over 250 articles. This review is intended to inform new users on the possibilities that geochemical modeling brings, while also informing existing and past users on its latest developments. The survey of studies was conducted with an emphasis on the modeling techniques, the objective of studies, the prevalent simulated variables and the use of specific software packages. The analysis showed that geochemical modeling is still predominantly employed in experimental projects and in the form of equilibrium modeling. PHREEQC and Visual MINTEQ were recognized as the most popular software packages for simulating a wide range of processes, using equilibrium or other geochemical modeling forms. The study of fluid-rock interactions and pollution and remediation processes can be regarded as the principal geochemical modeling objectives, constituting 37% and 36% of the reviewed studies, respectively. Focusing on fluid-rock interactions, hydrogeochemical processes, carbon capture and storage and enhanced oil recovery have been the main topics examined with geochemical modeling. Assessments of the toxicity of metals in terms of leachate and mobilization, as well as their removal from soil and water systems, have been major topics investigated with the aid of geochemical modeling in terms of pollution and remediation research. It was found that the scholars benefit from geochemical modeling in their research both as a main technique and as an accessory tool. Saturation index, elemental concentration and speciation, mineral mass and composition and pH were among the most common variables modeled in reviewed studies. Geochemical modeling has gained a wider user base in recent years, and many research groups have used it in consecutive studies to deepen knowledge. However, much potential for further dissemination still remains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalidy
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Review of Geochemical Modeling for the Performance Assessment of Radioactive Waste Disposal in a Subsurface System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclides are inorganic substances, and the solubility of inorganic substances is a major factor affecting the disposal of radioactive waste and the release of concentrations of radionuclides. The degree of solubility determines whether a nuclide source migrates to the far field of a radioactive waste disposal site. Therefore, the most effective method for retarding radionuclide migration is to reduce the radionuclide solubility in the aqueous geochemical environment of subsurface systems. In order to assess the performance of disposal facilities, thermodynamic data regarding nuclides in water–rock systems and minerals in geochemical environments are required; the results obtained from the analysis of these data can provide a strong scientific basis for maintaining safety performance to support nuclear waste management. The pH, Eh and time ranges in the environments of disposal sites cannot be controlled, in contrast to those under experimental conditions in laboratories. Using a hypothetical error mechanism for the safety assessment of disposal sites may engender incorrect assessment results. Studies have focused on radionuclide reactions in waste disposal, and have offered evidence suggesting that these reactions are mainly affected by the geochemical environment. However, studies have not examined the thermodynamics of chemical reactions or interactions between water and minerals, such as the surface complexation and adsorption of various nuclide-ion species. Simple coefficient models have usually been applied in order to obtain empirical formulas for deriving Kd to describe nuclide distributions in the solid or liquid phase in water–rock geochemical systems. Accordingly, this study reviewed previous research on the applications of geochemical models, including studies on the development of geochemical models, sources of thermodynamic databases (TDBs) and their applications in programs, the determination of the adequacy of TDBs in surface complexation models and case studies, and the selection and application of activity coefficient equations in geochemical models. In addition, the study conducted case studies and comparisons of the activity coefficients derived by different geochemical models. Three activity coefficient equations, namely the Davies, modified Debye–Hückel, and Pitzer equations, and four geochemical models, namely PHREEQC, MINEQL+, MINTEQA2, and EQ3/6, were used in the study. The results demonstrated that when the solution’s ionic strength was <0.5 m, the differences in the activity coefficients between the Davies and modified Debye–Hückel equations were <5%. The difference between the Pitzer and Davies equations, or between the Pitzer and modified Debye–Hückel equations in terms of the calculated activity coefficients was <8%. The effect of temperature on the activity coefficient slightly influenced the modeling outputs of the Davies and modified Debye–Hückel equations. In the future, the probability distribution and uncertainty of parameters of Kd and the equilibrium constant can be used in geochemical and reactive transport models to simulate the long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal sites. The findings of this study can provide a strong scientific basis for conducting safety assessments of nuclear waste disposal repositories and developing environmental management or remediation schemes to control sites marred by near-surface contamination.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stolyarova VL, Vorozhtcov VA, Masaki K, Costa D. High-temperature mass spectrometric study of thermodynamic properties in the UO 2 -ZrO 2 system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8862. [PMID: 32543049 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The UO2 -ZrO2 solid solution at high temperatures is the key system of modern nuclear science and technology in the context of the safety operation of nuclear cycles, the consequences of severe accidents, and the incorporation of nuclear waste. Urgent needs of the continuation of experimental studies of this system at temperatures up to 3000 K are aimed at preventing severe accidents similar to Chernobyl and Fukushima when the thermodynamic approach is used for the prediction of high-temperature behavior of materials. METHODS This investigation was carried out using the Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method using the MS-1301 magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The samples in the UO2 -ZrO2 system were vaporized from a tungsten effusion cell. Vapor species effusing from the cell were ionized at an electron ionization energy of 70 eV. RESULTS The vaporization and thermodynamics of pure UO2 and ZrO2 as well as of the samples in the UO2 -ZrO2 system were studied in the range 2000-2730 K. The temperature dependences of the partial vapor pressures of UO and UO2 over pure UO2 were obtained at 2060-2456 K, which agreed with the literature results. The partial vapor pressures of UO, UO2 , ZrO, and ZrO2 , the vaporization rates, and the UO2 and ZrO2 activities in the UO2 -ZrO2 solid solutions were determined at 2370, 2490, 2570, and 2730 K. CONCLUSIONS The component activities and excess Gibbs energies of the UO2 -ZrO2 system indicated a change in deviations from the ideal behavior from positive to negative with the temperature increase from 2370 to 2730 K. The thermodynamic functions of formation from the oxides of the solid solutions in the UO2 -ZrO2 system such as Gibbs energies as well as the enthalpies and entropies of formation were obtained for the first time at 2550 K in the composition range 0.89-1.00 ZrO2 mole fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina L Stolyarova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor A Vorozhtcov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kurata Masaki
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Davide Costa
- Division of Nuclear Science Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| |
Collapse
|