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Baskaran K, Elliott C, Ali M, Moon J, Beland J, Cohrs D, Chong S, Riley BJ, Chidambaram D, Carlson K. Effects of NO 2 aging on bismuth nanoparticles and bismuth-loaded silica xerogels for iodine capture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130644. [PMID: 36587601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The capture of long-lived radioactive iodine (129I) from oxidizing off-gasses produced from reprocessing used nuclear fuel is paramount to human health and environmental safety. Bismuth has been investigated as a viable iodine getter but the phase stability of bismuth-based sorbents in an oxidizing environment have not yet been researched. In the current work, bismuth nanoparticle-based sorbents, as free particles (Bi-NPs) and embedded within silica xerogel monoliths made with a porogen (TEO-5), were exposed to I2(g) before and after aging in 1 v/v% NO2 at 150 °C. For unaged sorbents, BiI3 was the dominant phase after iodine capture with 8-30 mass% BiOI present due to native Bi2O3 on the surface of the unaged nanoparticles. After 3 h of aging, 82 mass% of the Bi-NPs was converted to Bi2O3 with only a small amount of iodine captured as BiOI (18 mass%). After aging TEO-5 for 3 h, iodine was captured as both BiI3 (26 %) and BiOI (74 %) and no Bi2O3 was detected.". Additionally, bismuth lining the micrometer-scale pores in the TEO-5 led to enhanced iodine capture. In a subsequent exposure of the sorbents to NO2 (secondary aging), all BiI3 converted to BiOI. Thus, direct capture of iodine as BiOI is desired (over BiI3) to minimize loss of iodine after capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Baskaran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Casey Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeremy Moon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jade Beland
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dave Cohrs
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Saehwa Chong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99532, USA
| | - Brian J Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99532, USA
| | - Dev Chidambaram
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; Nevada Institute for Sustainability, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557-0388, USA
| | - Krista Carlson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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2
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Asmussen RM, Westesen A, Cordova EA, Fujii Yamagata AL, Schonewill PP, Moore AC, Bourchy A, Saslow SA, Smith GL, Riley BJ, Skeen RS. Iodine Removal from Carbonate-Containing Alkaline Liquids Using Strong Base Resins, Hybrid Resins, and Silver Precipitation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Matthew Asmussen
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amy Westesen
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Elsa A. Cordova
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alessandra Lie Fujii Yamagata
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Philip P. Schonewill
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aryiana C. Moore
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Agathe Bourchy
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah A. Saslow
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gary L. Smith
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J. Riley
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle BLVD, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rodney S. Skeen
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, 2505 Garlick Rd, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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3
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Zhao Q, Liao C, Chen G, Liu R, Wang Z, Xu A, Ji S, Shih K, Zhu L, Duan T. In Situ Confined Synthesis of a Copper-Encapsulated Silicalite-1 Zeolite for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20133-20143. [PMID: 36426769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective capture of radioactive iodine is highly desirable for decontamination purposes in spent fuel reprocessing. Cu-based adsorbents with a low cost and high chemical affinity for I2 molecules act as a decent candidate for iodine elimination, but the low utilization and stability remain a significant challenge. Herein, a facile in situ confined synthesis strategy is developed to design and synthesize a copper-encapsulated flaky silicalite-1 (Cu@FSL-1) zeolite with a thickness of ≤300 nm. The maximum iodine uptake capacity of Cu@FSL-1 can reach 625 mg g-1 within 45 min, which is 2 times higher than that of a commercial silver-exchanged zeolite even after nitric acid and NOX treatment. The Cu nanoparticles (NPs) confined within the zeolite exert superior iodine adsorption and immobilization properties as well as high stability and fast adsorption kinetics endowed by the all-silica zeolite matrix. This study provides new insight into the design and controlled synthesis of zeolite-confined metal adsorbents for efficient iodine capture from gaseous radioactive streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Changzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guangyuan Chen
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ruixi Liu
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zeru Wang
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Anhu Xu
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shiyin Ji
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 852, HKSAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tao Duan
- National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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4
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He P, Pang H, Yang Z, Li S, Huang Y, Hou X, Possnert G, Zheng X, Pei X, Aldahan A. 127I and 129I species in the English Channel and its adjacent areas: Uncovering impact on the isotopes marine pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119178. [PMID: 36219893 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-129 has been released from the La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing facility (NRF) into the English Channel, but the distribution and transformation of the isotope species, and environmental consequences have not been fully characterized in the Channel. Here we present data on iodine isotopes (129I and 127I) species in surface water of the English Channel and the southern Celtic Sea. Compared to 127I species, the concentrations of 129I- and 129IO3- show more variations, but iodate is the major species for both 129I and 127I. Our data provide new information regarding iodide-iodate inter-conversion showing that water dilution and mixing are the main factors affecting the 127I and 129I species distribution in the Channel. Some reduction of iodate occurs within the English Channel and mainly in the west part because of biotic processes. The 129I species transformation is overall insignificant, especially in the eastern Channel, where a constant value of 129IO3-/129I is observed, which might characterize the La Hague wastewater signal. In the Celtic Sea, oxidation of iodide can be traced by 127I and 129I species. On a larger scale, 129I generally experienced an oxidation process in the Atlantic Ocean, while in the coast of shallow shelf seas, new produced 129I- can be identified, especially in the German Bight and the Baltic Sea. The data of 129I species in the English Channel can provide estimate of redox rates in a much broader marine areas if the transit time of 129I from La Hague is well-defined. Furthermore, estimate of inventories for 129I and its species in the Channel, and fluxes of 129I species from the English Channel to the North Sea add important information to the geochemical cycle of 129I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hongying Pang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Sihong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Xi'an AMS Center, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Göran Possnert
- Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 529, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Sichuan Jinmei Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangjun Pei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ala Aldahan
- Department of Geosciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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5
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Wen Q, Cheng W, Yan M, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Shao D, Lu X. Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9860-9867. [PMID: 35723518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stabilizing radioactive iodine in boron glass for disposal was the ultimate goal of this study. In this study, bismuth was used near a monument. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that bismuth could remarkably stabilize iodine atoms in boron glass (only 3.74% of the mass was lost at 850 °C). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry images showed that most of the AgI was uniformly immobilized in the glass network. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and NMR results confirmed the change in the coordination number of boron in the samples. The density functional theory calculation helped to understand the reason for the stable presence of iodine in boron glass. Iodine atoms were difficult to bond directly with boron atoms but tended to bond with bismuth atoms. From the spatial distribution of the structural molecular orbitals, it was observed that the bismuth atom releases electrons when stimulated, and the iodine atom needs to gain an electron to reach stability. At a low treatment temperature of 550 °C, the maximum density of the immobilized sample containing bismuth is 2.42 g·cm-3, and its iodine leaching rate at day 7 can be as low as 3.77 × 10-6 g·m-2·d-1. This study provides a way to improve the properties of boron glass microscopically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Cheng
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.,National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xirui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.,Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.,National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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6
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Krishnan U, Mandal D. Experimental Study of Mass Transfer of Iodine Vapor from Air in Sodium Hydroxide Solution in a Packed Column. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Krishnan
- Nuclear Recycle Board, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Debapriya Mandal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Alkali Material and Metal Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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7
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Cheng M, Luo Y, Geng J, Cui R, Qu Y, Sun L, Dou Q, Fu H. Adsorption behavior of iodide ion by silver-doped zeolite 4A in LiCl-KCl molten salt. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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