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The Protective Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Ligusticum chuanxiong: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8205983. [PMID: 33133217 PMCID: PMC7591981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8205983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC) is a Chinese materia medica which is widely used in clinical settings to treat headaches, blood extravasation, and arthritis. Recent studies demonstrate that LC possesses versatile pharmacological functions, including antiatherosclerosis, antimigraine, antiaging, and anticancer properties. Moreover, LC also shows protective effects in the progression of different diseases that damage somatic cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation, which can induce somatic cell apoptosis, are the main factors associated with an abundance of diseases, whose progresses can be reversed by LC. In order to comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms associated with the protective effects of LC, we collected and integrated all its related studies on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. The results show that LC could exhibit the mentioned biological activities by modulating several signaling pathways, specifically the NF-κB, Nrf2, protein kinase, and caspase-3 pathways. In future investigations, the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive compounds in LC and the signaling pathway modulation of LC could be focused.
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Shi YS, Xia HM, Wu CH, Li CB, Duan CC, Che C, Zhang XJ, Li HT, Zhang Y, Zhang XF. Novel nortriterpenoids with new skeletons and limonoids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their bioactivities. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ge H, Chen Y, Chen J, Tian J, Liang X, Chen L. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Ligusticum subjected to in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:417-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mai Z, Ni G, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li L, Chen N, Yu D. Helioscopianoids A-Q, bioactive jatrophane diterpenoid esters from Euphorbia helioscopia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:805-817. [PMID: 30245967 PMCID: PMC6147808 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The EtOH extracts of the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia afforded 17 new jatrophane diterpenoid esters, helioscopianoids A–Q (1—17), along with eight known compounds (18–25). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD analysis, and the structures of compounds 1, 2, and 7 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1–17 were evaluated for inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in an adriamycin (ADM)-resistant human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7/ADR) and neuroprotective effects against serum deprivation-induced and rotenone-induced PC12 cell damage. Compounds 8 and 16 increased the accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADR cells by approximately 3-fold at a concentration of 20 μmol/L. Compound 8 could attenuate rotenone-induced PC12 cell damage, and compounds 2, 8, and 12 showed neuroprotective activities against serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell damage.
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Ip FCF, Zhao YM, Chan KW, Cheng EYL, Tong EPS, Chandrashekar O, Fu GM, Zhao ZZ, Ip NYY. Neuroprotective effect of a novel Chinese herbal decoction on cultured neurons and cerebral ischemic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:437. [PMID: 27814708 PMCID: PMC5097373 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Historically, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat stroke. Based on the theory of Chinese medicine and the modern pharmacological knowledge of herbal medicines, we have designed a neuroprotective formula called Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (PSR), comprising seven herbs – Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Cassia obtusifolia L., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. We aim to examine the neuroprotective activity of PSR in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, to better understand its therapeutic effect and to further optimize its efficacy. Methods PSR extract or vehicle was applied to primary rat neurons to examine their survival effects against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-elicited excitotoxicity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was conducted to examine the NMDA-induced current in the presence of PSR. ERK- and CREB-activation were revealed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, PSR was tested for CRE promoter activation in neurons transfected with a luciferase reporter. The protective effect of PSR was then studied in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. MCAO rats were either treated with PSR extract or vehicle, and their neurobehavioral deficit and cerebral infarct were evaluated. Statistical differences were analyzed by ANOVA or t-test. Results PSR prominently reduced the death of cultured neurons caused by NMDA excitotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its neuroprotective property. Furthermore, PSR significantly reduced NMDA-evoked current reversibly and activated phosphorylation of ERK and CREB with distinct time courses, with the latter’s kinetics slower. PSR also triggered CRE-promoter activity as revealed by the increased expression of luciferase reporter in transfected neurons. PSR effectively reduced cerebral infarct and deficit in neurological behavior in MCAO rats when PSR decoction was administered starting either 6 days before or 6 h after onset of ischemia. Conclusions PSR is neuroprotective both in vitro and in vivo – it protects cultured neurons against NMDA excitotoxicity, and effectively reduces ischemic injury and neurobehavioral deficit in MCAO rats in both the pre- and post-treatment regimens. The underlying neuroprotective mechanisms may involve inhibition of NMDA receptor current and activation of ERK and CREB. This study provides important preclinical data necessary for the further development of PSR for stroke treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1417-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Qi Y, Li Y, Li S. Development of Circulating Ultrasounic-Assisted Online Extraction Coupled to Countercurrent Chromatography and Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for Simultaneous Extraction and Isolation of Phytochemicals: Application to Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504179r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- Central
Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central
Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yanjuan Qi
- Central
Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Science of Jilin Province, No. 1745 Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
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Yang MM, Huang W, Jiang DM. Tetramethylpyrazine protects Schwann cells from ischemia-like injury and increases cell survival in cold ischemic rat nerves. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major active ingredient of Ligusticum wallichi Franchat extract (a Chinese herb), exhibits neuroprotective properties in ischemia. In this study, we assessed its protective effects on Schwann cells (SCs) by culturing them in the presence of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and measuring cell survival in cold ischemic rat nerves. In the OGD-induced ischemic injury model of SCs, we demonstrated that TMP treatment not only reduced OGD-induced cell viability losses, cell death, and apoptosis of SCs in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited LDH release, but also suppressed OGD-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax and caspase-3, as well as inhibited the consequent activation of caspase-3. In the cold ischemic nerve model, we found that prolonged cold ischemic exposure for four weeks was markedly associated with the absence of SCs, a decrease in cell viability, and apoptosis in preserved nerve segments incubated in University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) alone. However, TMP attenuated nerve segment damage by preserving SCs and antagonizing the decrease in nerve fiber viability and increase in TUNEL-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that TMP not only provides protective effects in an ischemia-like injury model of cultured rat SCs by regulating Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3, but also increases cell survival and suppresses apoptosis in the cold ischemic nerve model after prolonged ischemic exposure for four weeks. Therefore, TMP may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for preventing peripheral nervous system ischemic diseases and improving peripheral nerve storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Yang
- Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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He WQ, Lv WS, Zhang Y, Qu Z, Wei RR, Zhang L, Liu CH, Zhou XX, Li WR, Huang XT, Wang Q. Study on Pharmacokinetics of Three Preparations from Levistolide A by LC–MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1265-73. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li S, Shan L, Zhang Z, Li W, Liao K, Li S, Sheng X, Yu P, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Studies of ADTM: A Novel Danshensu Derivative Confers Cardioprotection by HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:872-8. [PMID: 25609599 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
(R)-(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazinyl) methyl-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl) propanoate (ADTM) is a novel Danshensu (DSS) derivative regarded as a potential new agent for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. A validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach with a detection limit of 5 ng/mL was used for pharmacokinetic evaluation of ADTM in rat plasma. The intra- and interday precision in terms of relative standard deviation were <4.98 and 4.84%, respectively, at concentration levels of 0.02, 0.20 and 0.80 µg/mL. ADTM's absolute oral bioavailability value was 30.4% and t1/2 was 34.33 ± 11.51 and 29.94 ± 8.19 min after oral and intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg. In addition, the major metabolites both in vitro and in vivo were 2-hydroxymethy-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin and DSS. The results indicated that the hydrolysis was the main metabolic pathway of ADTM, and carboxylesterase may play an important role in ADTM's metabolism. The present work provides basic information for ADTM's further preclinical research and DSS's chemical structure modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaiyi Liao
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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He J, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Feng ZM, Zhang PC. Saffloflavonesides A and B, two rearranged derivatives of flavonoid C-glycosides with a furan-tetrahydrofuran ring from Carthamus tinctorius. Org Lett 2014; 16:5714-7. [PMID: 25333381 DOI: 10.1021/ol502789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new rearranged derivatives of flavonoid C-glycosides, saffloflavonesides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Their structures were determined using UV, IR, HRESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR data and by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 were unprecedented chalcone and flavanone derivatives possessing a furan conjoining tetrahydrofuran ring. A potential biosynthetic pathway was proposed. At 10 μM, 1 and 2 both showed strong inhibitory activity against PC12 cell damage induced by rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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Hu Y, Liu C, Cong L, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li S. APPLICATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MEDIUM-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR RAPID ISOLATION OF LACTONES FROMLIGUSTICUM CHUANXIONGHORT. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.778639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- a Central Laboratory , Changchun Normal University , Changchun , China
| | - Chunming Liu
- a Central Laboratory , Changchun Normal University , Changchun , China
| | - Lei Cong
- b China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation , Beijing , China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- a Central Laboratory , Changchun Normal University , Changchun , China
| | - Yunmei Hu
- a Central Laboratory , Changchun Normal University , Changchun , China
| | - Sainan Li
- a Central Laboratory , Changchun Normal University , Changchun , China
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Ishimoto T, Mano H, Ozawa T, Mori H. Measuring CREB activation using bioluminescent probes that detect KID-KIX interaction in living cells. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:923-32. [PMID: 22506514 DOI: 10.1021/bc200491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that contributes to memory formation. The transcriptional activity of CREB is induced by its phosphorylation at Ser-133 and subsequent interaction with the CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300. We designed and optimized firefly split luciferase probe proteins that detect the interaction of the kinase-inducible domain (KID) of CREB and the KIX domain of CBP/p300. The increase in the light intensity of the probe proteins results from the phosphorylation of the responsible serine corresponding to Ser-133 of CREB. Because these proteins have a high signal-to-noise ratio and are nontoxic, it has become possible for the first time to carry out long-term measurement of KID-KIX interaction in living cells. Furthermore, we examined the usefulness of the probe proteins for future high-throughput cell-based drug screening and found several herbal extracts that activated CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishimoto
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
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Ran X, Ma L, Peng C, Zhang H, Qin LP. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort: a review of chemistry and pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1180-9. [PMID: 22014266 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.576346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (LC; Umbelliferae) is an effective medical plant, which has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases with other Chinese herbal medicines. Although a considerable amount of scientific research was reported on LC in the last decade, it is currently scattered across various publications. The present review comprises the chemical and pharmacological research on LC in the last decade. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to bring together most of the scientific research available on LC and evaluate its effects and mechanisms. METHODS The information for 82 cases included in this review was compiled using major databases such as Medline, Elsevier, Springer, Pubmed, and Scholar. RESULTS The compounds contained in LC can be divided into five kinds, essential oil (EO), alkaloids, phenolic acids, phthalide lactones, and other constituents. A great deal of pharmacological research has been done, which mainly focuses on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antifibrosis, antinociception, antiinflammation, and antineoplastic activity. CONCLUSION A large number of pharmacological and chemical studies during the last 10 years have demonstrated the vast medicinal potential of LC. It is still very clear that LC is a plant with widespread use now and also with extraordinary potential for the future. The documents strongly support the view that LC has beneficial therapeutic properties and indicates its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Li Y, Cheng W, Zhu C, Yao C, Xiong L, Tian Y, Wang S, Lin S, Hu J, Yang Y, Guo Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Yuan Y, Chen N, Shi J. Bioactive neolignans and lignans from the bark of Machilus robusta. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1444-52. [PMID: 21627109 DOI: 10.1021/np2001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new neolignans and lignans (1-16), together with 12 known analogues, have been isolated from an ethanol extract of the bark of Machilus robusta. Compounds 1 and 2 showed activity against HIV-1 replication in vitro, with IC(50) values of 2.52 and 2.01 μM, respectively. At 10 μM, 6, 8, and 9 reduced dl-galactosamine-induced hepatocyte (WB-F344 cells) damage, and 9 could additionally attenuate rotenone-induced PC12 cell damage. The known compounds (-)-pinoresinol (17) and (+)-lyoniresinol (18) were active against serum deprivation induced PC12 cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Neuroprotective effects of active ingredients isolated from Pegasus laternarius on cultured cerebral neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 31:73-82. [PMID: 20734129 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Seamoth (Pegasus laternarius Cuvier) is extensively used to treat various diseases on the coastland of Guangdong Province in China, such as scrofula, cough, and diarrhea. The total extract of Pegasus laternarius (EP) was subjected to column chromatography to acquire three different constituents (EPC1, EPC2, and EPC3). Cerebral neuron injury was induced by glutamate, H₂O₂, and serum deprivation. After treating with or without different extracts, cell viability was assessed with the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed with Hoechst 33258 staining and agarose gel electrophoresis. We also determined the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The results showed that both EP and EPC2 promoted the outgrowth of cultural neurons, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and protected neurons from neuronal injury or apoptosis induced by glutamate, H₂O₂, and serum deprivation. EPC1 and EPC3 had little or no effect on neurons. These results suggest that the active ingredients obtained from Pegasus laternarius have potential neuroprotective effects on injured neurons by promoting the outgrowth of cultured neurons, increasing the activity of intracellular antioxidants, and exerting antiapoptotic effects. This neuroprotection may be attributable to specific active ingredients, such as taurine, novel ceramide, and cholesterol.
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Tian Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Shi Q, Zhang J, Yang P. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from rat brain in hypoxic condition via mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2010; 474:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin YL, Wang GJ, Huang CL, Lee YC, Liao WC, Lai WL, Lin YJ, Huang NK. Ligusticum chuanxiong as a potential neuroprotectant for preventing serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells: functional roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:417-423. [PMID: 19429305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC) as a common component in many traditional Chinese medicinal formulas and decoctions has been used to treat different central nervous diseases, suggesting a neuroprotective function. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the functional roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in mediating the neuroprotection of LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different extractions of LC were applied with or without MAPK inhibitor to test their protection against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in rat neuronal-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as revealed by an MTT assay or Hoechst staining. Western blot was used to identify the activations of MAPKs. RESULTS The most effective butanol extraction (LC-BuOH) was used in the following experiments. LC-BuOH reversed serum deprivation-induced decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and increased phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, the family of MAPKs. A PKA inhibitor, blocked the protection of LC-BuOH and partially blocked LC-BuOH-induced alterations in MAPKs, suggesting that the LC-BuOH regulates MAPKs through both PKA-dependent and -independent pathways. Although PD 98059, an inhibitor of MEK which activates ERK, blocked LC-BuOH-induced ERK phosphorylation, it did not block the protection of LC-BuOH. CONCLUSIONS LC-BuOH mediates protection by suppressing JNK/p38 instead of activating ERK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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