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Danilevicz CK, Pizzolato LS, Bianchi SE, Meirelles G, Bassani VL, Siqueira IR. Pharmacological evaluation of a traditional Brazilian medicinal plant, Monteverdia ilicifolia. Part I - Preclinical safety study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117806. [PMID: 38278373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Monteverdia ilicifolia (Maytenus ilicifolia, Celastraceae), known as "espinheira-santa", has been widely used in Brazil to manage mainly gastrointestinal diseases. This species has been listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia and in the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME). Considering that clinical studies about M. ilicifolia are rare, our group has been performing a broader project designed to evaluate the efficacy of M. ilicifolia capsules in a clinical trial, for this reason, approaches to provide safety to those patients are relevant. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction and hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity of an aqueous extract of M. ilicifolia and its main phytocompounds, catequin, epicatequin, and quercetin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Slices of liver and intestine of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of M. ilicifolia extract or isolated compounds (catechin, epicatechin and quercetin). Commercial kits were used to evaluate enzyme activities of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 isoforms, as well as cell viability (MTT) assay and intracellular enzymes leakage, specifically lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied. RESULTS Incubation with M. ilicifolia extract, catechin, epicatechin and quercetin did not affect significantly any evaluated parameter in intestines. The intracellular enzymes leakages, CYP2D6, LDH and AST, were increased with M. ilicifolia extract and quercetin in liver slices. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential hepatotoxicity induced by an aqueous extract of M. ilicifolia, consequently this species and its products should be avoided in liver diseases, supporting that studies of safety must be performed including in the context of traditional medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lolita Schneider Pizzolato
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sara Elis Bianchi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Meirelles
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Olivaro C, Escobal M, de Souza G, Mederos A. Chemical characterisation and in vitro anthelmintic activity of phenolic-rich extracts from the leaves and branches of Maytenus ilicifolia, a native plant from South America. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3168-3172. [PMID: 34227441 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1948844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Free (epi) catechin, quercetin, (epi) gallocatechin, flavonol glycosides and condensed tannins were identified according to their molecular mass, characteristic product ions and retention times in extracts obtained from leaves and branches of Maytenus ilicifolia (Congorosa) by mass spectrometry. The in vitro anthelmintic activity against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes of Congorosa extract was determined using the Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay. Additionally, commercial quercetin, gallocatechin and epicatechin were evaluated. Although total phenolics, total tannins and condensed tannins contents were lower in branches extract than in leaves extract, the EC50 were 0.065 mg/mL and 0.890 mg/mL for branches and leaves extract, respectively. Moreover, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a blocking agent of tannins, did not change significantly the EC50 for branches extract, but significantly changed for leaves extract. Quercetin and gallocatechin EC50 values were in the range 0.03-0.05 mg/mL and epicatechin showed 100% inhibition of the egg hatching process at 0.004 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Olivaro
- Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Micaela Escobal
- Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo de Souza
- Programa Nacional de Producción de Carne y Lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - América Mederos
- Programa Nacional de Producción de Carne y Lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
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Xavier GM, Guimarães ALS, de Carvalho Fraga CA, Guimarães TA, de Souza MG, Jones KM, Farias LC. Pathways Related to the Anti-Cancer Effects of Metabolites Derived from Cerrado Biome Native Plants: An Update and Bioinformatics Analysis on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 28:735-749. [PMID: 33302827 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201209221012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells that mostly affects different anatomical sites in the head and neck and derives from the squamous epithelium or displays similar morphological characteristics. Generally, OSCC is often the end stage of several changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, which begin as epithelial dysplasia and progress by breaking the basement membrane and invading adjacent tissues. Several plant-based drugs with potent anti-cancer effects are considered inexpensive treatments with limited side effects for cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to explore whether some Brazilian plant extracts or constituents exhibit anti-tumorigenic activity or have a cytotoxic effect on human oral carcinoma cells. METHODS Briefly, OSCC and several metabolites derived from Brazilian plants (i.e., flavonoids, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel) were used as keywords to search the literature on PubMed, GenBank and GeneCards. RESULTS The results showed that these five chemical compounds found in Cerrado Biome plants exhibit anti-neoplastic effects. Evaluating the compounds revealed that they play a main role in the regulation of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Preserving and utilising the biodiversity of our planet, especially in unique ecosystems, such as the Cerrado Biome, may prove essential to preserving and promoting human health in modern contexts.
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Mees M, Meurer MC, Mariano LNB, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Mariott M, Niero R, Cechinel-Filho V, Andrade SFD, Duarte LP, Sousa GFD, de Souza P, Da Silva LM. Maytenus robusta Reissek, a medicinal plant popularly used to treat digestive diseases, promotes ameliorative effects in colon and liver of mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113180. [PMID: 32730884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus robusta Reissek (Celesteraceae), popularly named as cafezinho do mato or coração de bugre, is employed to treat inflammatory digestive diseases in the south of Brazil. However, despite popular usage, the effects of this species on an experimental model of ulcerative colitis are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of M. robusta extract (HEMR) on colon and liver from mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the cytotoxicity of HEMR and its effects on ROS and nitrite production in IEC-6 cells were evaluated. The experimental colitis was established by adding 3% DSS on drinking water of mice and the effects of HEMR (1-100 mg/kg, p.o, once a day by 7 days) in colonic and hepatic tissues were analyzed. RESULTS The HEMR (1-100 μg/mL) did not alter the cell viability but reduced nitrite production of IEC-6 stimulated by LPS. Moreover, HEMR (100 mg/Kg) attenuates macro and microscopic alterations in the colon from mice exposed to DSS, as evidenced by a reduction of the colon shortening, attenuation of the epithelial erosion, submucosal edema and preservation of the Goblet cells integrity, as well as the restoration of mucin depletion. The treatment with HEMR increased GSH amount, reduced LOOH levels and normalizes CAT activity in the colon. The group treated with HEMR showed increased GST activity, reduced MPO activity and decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion (TNF and IL-6) in the colonic tissue. In the liver, HEMR increased GST activity, decreased the GPx activity and reduced IL-6 levels. Furthermore, the HEMR treatment reduced AST and ALT serum levels in mice exposed to DSS. Finally, the HEMR was able to reduce intestinal transit. CONCLUSIONS HEMR treatment minimizes inflammation of the colon and maintaining the antioxidant homeostasis. In addition, HEMR may be a potential tool to prevent hepatic injury secondary to ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariéli Mees
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Marianne Caroline Meurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathalia Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Marihá Mariott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil; Universidade Lusófona CBIOS - Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Av Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grasiely Faria de Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota Da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajai (UNIVALI) - Campus, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-901, Brazil.
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Wen Q, Li HL, Mai SY, Tan YF, Chen F. Tissue Distribution of Active Principles from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Extract: An Experimental Study in Rats. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180910102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (Yizhi in Chinese) have been widely used as an
herbal medicine for the treatment of diuresis, enuresis and diarrhea in China. Many studies have deciphered
some potential underlying mechanisms for its anti-diarrheal effects. However, tissue distribution
of Yizhi constituents is warranted because pharmacological receptors are frequently located in tissues.
Moreover, it is also interesting to know about the potential correlation between behavior in drug distribution
and the observed pharmacological response. The aim of this study is to investigate tissue distribution
behaviors of Yizhi constituents after oral administration of Yizhi extract to rats, focusing on 10
active principles.
Methods:
Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were given orally the Yizhi extract and fourteen tissue
samples were collected after being killed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta under ether anesthesia
at different time-points. The resulting tissues were excised and homogenized. Based on our previous
reports, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify
the target analytes, as well as phase II metabolites, in the various biosamples.
Results:
Almost all the targeted Yizhi active principles and some glucuronidated metabolites were
qualitatively measured in rat stomach, small intestine, large intestine, as well as liver. Nootkatone,
yakuchinone A and tectochrysin were observed in the rat brain. In other rat tissues, these analytes had
lower exposure or could not be detected. Consistently, quantitative analysis revealed that the Yizhi active
principles dominantly distributed into gastrointestinal tissues followed by liver, the overall exposure
levels ranking as follows: stomach > small intestine > large intestine > liver. Tissue concentrationtime
profiles of the test active principles in rat stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were bimodal
with two concentration peaks occurring at 0.5 and 4h after oral administration, respectively. The
exposure levels in rat kidney and bladder were quite low.
Conclusion:
The active principles of Yizhi were specially distributed into gastrointestinal tissues after
oral administration of its ethanol extract to rats. The tissue distribution behaviors partly supported its
anti-diarrheal effects from a pharmacokinetic opinion. This paper will be useful as the starting point for
studying the pharmacological activities of this traditional herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shi-Ying Mai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yin-Feng Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Silva FC, Rodrigues VG, Duarte LP, Lula IS, Sinisterra RD, Vieira-Filho SA, Rodrigues RAL, Kroon EG, Oliveira PL, Farias LM, Magalhães PP, Silva GDF. Antidiarrheal activity of extracts from Maytenus gonoclada and inhibition of Dengue virus by lupeol. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 89:1555-1564. [PMID: 28954173 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is an infectious disease caused by bacterial, virus, or protozoan, and dengue is caused by virus, included among the neglected diseases in several underdeveloped and developing countries, with an urgent demand for new drugs. Considering the antidiarrheal potential of species of Maytenus genus, a phytochemical investigation followed by antibacterial activity test with extracts of branches and heartwood and bark of roots from Maytenus gonoclada were conducted. Moreover, due the frequency of isolation of lupeol from Maytenus genus the antiviral activity against Dengue virus and cytotoxicity of lupeol and its complex with β-cyclodextrins were also tested. The results indicated the bioactivity of ethyl acetate extract from branches and ethanol extract from heartwood of roots of M. gonoclada against diarrheagenic bacteria. The lupeol showed potent activity against Dengue virus and low cytotoxicity in LLC-MK2 cells, but its complex with β-cyclodextrin was inactive. Considering the importance of novel and selective antiviral drug candidates the results seem to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Departamento das Licenciaturas, Avenida Paraná, 3001, 35501-170 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucienir P Duarte
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivana S Lula
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Sinisterra
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sidney A Vieira-Filho
- Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A L Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erna G Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia L Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Farias
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula P Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grácia D F Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Périco LL, Rodrigues VP, de Almeida LFR, Fortuna-Perez AP, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA. Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1552-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Sá RR, Matos RA, Silva VC, da Cruz Caldas J, da Silva Sauthier MC, dos Santos WNL, Magalhães HIF, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus, Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss and Ptychopetalum uncinatum by HPLC-DAD. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Veloso CC, Soares GL, Perez AC, Rodrigues VG, Silva FC. Pharmacological potential of Maytenus species and isolated constituents, especially tingenone, for treatment of painful inflammatory diseases. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Formiga RDO, Quirino ZGM, Diniz MDFFM, Marinho AF, Tavares JF, Batista LM. Maytenus erythroxylon Reissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activity via antimotility and antisecretory mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4381-4389. [PMID: 28706420 PMCID: PMC5487501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i24.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the acute toxicity, phytochemical profile, antidiarrheal activity and mechanisms of action of Maytenus erythroxylon (M. erythroxylon) ethanol extract.
METHODS A castor oil-induced diarrhea model was used to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Intestinal transit and gastric emptying protocols were used to evaluate a possible antimotility effect. KATP channels, nitric oxide, presynaptic α2-adrenergic and tissue adrenergic receptors were investigated to uncover antimotility mechanisms of action and castor oil-induced enteropooling to elucidate antisecretory mechanisms.
RESULTS All tested doses of the extract (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) possessed antidiarrheal activity, with a significant decrease of the evacuation index. This activity is possibly related to a reduced gastric emptying (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and to a decreased percentage of intestinal transit for all tested doses. That last effect seems to be modulated by nitric oxide, KATP channels and tissue adrenergic receptors. Besides, the extract also presented antisecretory effect due to a decrease of intestinal fluid accumulation.
CONCLUSION The antidiarrheal effect of M. erythroxylon found in this study involves antimotility and antisecretory mechanisms that may be attributed to the chemical compounds found in this species: saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes and steroids.
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Souza LM, Dartora N, Scoparo CT, Gorin PA, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL. Differentiation of flavonol glucoside and galactoside isomers combining chemical isopropylidenation with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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García-Conesa MT. Dietary Polyphenols against Metabolic Disorders: How Far Have We Progressed in the Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of These Compounds? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1769-1786. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.980499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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External application of the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera may be safe for liver--a study on its chemical composition and hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2014; 19:18479-92. [PMID: 25401394 PMCID: PMC6271708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ainaxiang (Blumea balsamifera), also known as Sambong, is an important ancient medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. It is rich in volatile oil, and still widely used nowadays for skin wound healing and treatment of sore throats. We analyzed the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera (BB oil) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty one components, including l-borneol, were identified. Next, the damaging effects of BB oil diluted with olive oil on liver at different concentrations (100%, 50%, 20%), were evaluated, using both normal and wounded skin. Plasma ALT, AST, ALP and TBili were assessed, along with liver histopathology. The results showed that serum levels of liver toxicity markers in the high concentration groups (100% w/v) increased compared with control groups, whereas no significant changes was observed in histopathology of liver samples. In the wound groups, treatment with BB oil resulted in a decrease in serum toxicity index, compared with normal animal groups. This study confirms the safety of short term BB oil consumption, though high BB oil doses may lead to mild liver injury and this response might be weakened in the case of cutaneous wounds. These results are expected to be helpful for guiding appropriate therapeutic use of BB oil.
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Gastric antiulcerogenic and hypokinetic activities of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:261745. [PMID: 24900960 PMCID: PMC4036414 DOI: 10.1155/2014/261745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The acute toxicity, the antioxidant activity, and the pharmacological activity on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents of the ethanolic extract (TFEE) from the bark of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) and of its aqueous (TFAqF), hydroalcoholic (TFHAF), and hexanic (TFHEXF) partition fractions have been evaluated. TFEE presented low acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced ulcers, which was partially blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. It reduced the total acidity and raised the pH of gastric secretion. Additionally, TFEE delayed gastric emptying and slightly inhibited the small intestinal transit and also presented a weakly antidiarrheal activity. The antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activity were also detected in TFAqF and TFHAF but not in TFHEXF. The antisecretory and gastroprotective activity of TFEE partially involve the nitric oxide and prostaglandin participation. Nevertheless, TFEE, TFAqF, and TFHAF drastically reduced the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall of rats treated with ethanol or indomethacin. Complementary studies are required in order to clarify the paradox of the presence of a gastroprotector activity in this plant that, at the same time, reduces the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall.
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Concomitant intake of quercetin with a grain-based diet acutely lowers postprandial plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in pigs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:748742. [PMID: 24847478 PMCID: PMC4009213 DOI: 10.1155/2014/748742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment goals of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) include glycemic control and reduction of nonglycemic risk factors, for example, dyslipidemia. Quercetin, a plant-derived polyphenol, often discussed for possible antidiabetic effects, was investigated for acute postprandial glucose- and lipid-lowering effects in healthy growing pigs. Male pigs (n = 16, body weight = BW 25–30 kg) were fed flavonoid-poor grain-based meals without (GBM) or with quercetin (GBMQ). In a first experiment, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and triacylglycerols were analyzed in 8 pigs receiving 500 g of either GBM or GBMQ (10 mg/kg BW) in a cross-over design. Blood samples were collected before, and up to 5 h every 30 min, as well as 6 and 8 h after the feeding. In the second experiment, 2 h after ingestions of 1000 g of either GBM or GBMQ (50 mg/kg BW) animals were sacrificed; gastric content was collected and analyzed for dry matter content. Quercetin ingestion reduced postprandial glucose, NEFA, and TG concentration, but two hours after ingestion of the meal no effect on gastric emptying was observed. Our results point to inhibitory effects of quercetin on nutrient absorption, which appear not to be attributable to delayed gastric emptying.
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Saleh IG, Ali Z, Abe N, Wilson FD, Hamada FM, Abd-Ellah MF, Walker LA, Khan IA, Ashfaq MK. Effect of green tea and its polyphenols on mouse liver. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kristo AS, Kalea AZ, Schuschke DA, Klimis-Zacas DJ. A wild blueberry-enriched diet (Vaccinium angustifolium) improves vascular tone in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11600-11605. [PMID: 20964405 DOI: 10.1021/jf101839u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a wild blueberry-enriched diet on vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation was examined in the adult, 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) after 8 weeks of a control (C) or an 8% wild blueberry (WB) diet. Nitric oxide (NO)- and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated aortic responses were examined ex vivo with the agonists L-phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (Ach), in the absence or presence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) or the COX inhibitor mefenamic acid (MFA). The vasoconstriction elicited by Phe was reduced in the WB group, attributed to the NO pathway, favoring a lower vascular tone under basal conditions. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in the WB group was possibly mediated through the COX, but not the NO pathway. These findings document the potential of wild blueberries to modify major pathways of vasomotor control and improve the vascular tone in the adult SHR with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Kristo
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
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