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Viana Dos Santos MB, Braga de Oliveira A, Veras Mourão RH. Brazilian plants with antimalarial activity: A review of the period from 2011 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117595. [PMID: 38122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria continues to be a serious global public health problem in subtropical and tropical countries of the world. The main drugs used in the treatment of human malaria, quinine and artemisinin, are isolates of medicinal plants, making the use of plants a widespread practice in countries where malaria is endemic. Over the years, due to the increased resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and artemisinin in certain regions, new strategies for combating malaria have been employed, including research with medicinal plants. AIM This review focuses on the scientific production regarding medicinal plants from Brazil whose antimalarial activity was evaluated during the period from 2011 to 2022. 2. METHODOLOGY For this review, four electronic databases were selected for research: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Periódicos CAPES. Searches were made for full texts published in the form of scientific articles written in Portuguese or English and in a digital format. In addition, prospects for new treatments as well as future research that encourages the search for natural products and antimalarial derivatives are also presented. RESULTS A total of 61 publications were encountered, which cited 36 botanical families and 92 species using different Plasmodium strains in in vitro and in vivo assays. The botanical families with the most expressive number of species found were Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae (14, 14, 9 and 6 species, respectively), and the most frequently cited species were of the genera Psychotria L. (8) and Aspidosperma Mart. (12), which belong to the families Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae. Altogether, 75 compounds were identified or isolated from 28 different species, 31 of which are alkaloids. In addition, the extracts of the analyzed species, including the isolated compounds, showed a significant reduction of parasitemia in P. falciparum and P. berghei, especially in the clones W2 CQ-R (in vitro) and ANKA (in vivo), respectively. The Brazilian regions with the highest number of species analyzed were those of the north, especially the states of Pará and Amazonas, and the southeast, especially the state of Minas Gerais. CONCLUSION Although many plant species with antimalarial potential have been identified in Brazil, studies of new antimalarial molecules are slow and have not evolved to the production of a phytotherapeutic medicine. Given this, investigations of plants of traditional use and biotechnological approaches are necessary for the discovery of natural antimalarial products that contribute to the treatment of the disease in the country and in other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - PPGCF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Malheiros DF, Videira MN, Carvalho AA, Salomão CB, Ferreira IM, Canuto KM, Yoshioka ETO, Tavares-Dias M. Efficacy of Carapa guianensis oil (Meliaceae) against monogeneans infestations: a potential antiparasitic for Colossoma macropomum and its effects in hematology and histopathology of gills. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e007123. [PMID: 37672470 PMCID: PMC10503822 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), as well as the hematological and histological effects on fish. Among the fatty acids identified in C. guianensis oil, oleic acid (53.4%) and palmitic acid (28.7%) were the major compounds, and four limonoids were also identified. Therapeutic baths of 1 hour were performed for five consecutive days, and there was no fish mortality in any of the treatments. Therapeutic baths using 500 mg/L of C. guianensis oil had an anthelmintic efficacy of 91.4% against monogeneans. There was increase of total plasma protein and glucose, number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes and number of monocytes and decrease in mean corpuscular volume. Histological changes such as epithelium detachment, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and aneurysm were found in the gills of tambaqui from all treatments, including controls with water of culture tank and water of culture tank plus iso-propyl alcohol. Therapeutic baths with 500 mg/L of C. guianensis oil showed high efficacy and caused few physiological changes capable of compromising fish gill function. Results indicate that C. guianensis oil has an anthelmintic potential for control and treatment of infections by monogeneans in tambaqui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Filocreão Malheiros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodeversidade Tropical – PPGBIO, Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | | | - Eliane Tie Oba Yoshioka
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodeversidade Tropical – PPGBIO, Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodeversidade Tropical – PPGBIO, Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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Riyadi SA, Naini AA, Supratman U. Sesquiterpenoids from Meliaceae Family and Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:4874. [PMID: 37375428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids, an important class of natural products possessing three isoprene-derived units, are widely distributed across plants and have a variety of biological activities. All sesquiterpenoids are derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a biosynthesis precursor that can form various carbon skeletons. In order to provide a reference for further research and development of these compounds, this review focused on the increasing number of isolated and volatile sesquiterpenoids found to be produced by plants of the Meliaceae family between 1968 and 2023. The related articles were collected from SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. According to a literature review, several studies were started for more than 55 years on the plant's stem barks, twigs, leaves, flowers, seeds, and pericarps, where approximately 413 sesquiterpenoid compounds from several groups such as eudesmane, aromadendrane, cadinane, guaiane, bisabolane, furanoeremophilane, humulene, germacrane, and oppositane-type were isolated and identified with some minor products. Additionally, the hypothetical route of sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis from this family was identified, and eudesmane-type was reported to be 27% of the total compounds. The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds and major volatile sesquiterpenoids constituent on essential oil were also evaluated. The result showed the fundamental of using the sesquiterpenoid compounds from the Meliaceae family in traditional medicine and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amalia Riyadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Pereira da Silva V, de Carvalho Brito L, Mesquita Marques A, da Cunha Camillo F, Raquel Figueiredo M. Bioactive limonoids from Carapa guianensis seeds oil and the sustainable use of its by-products. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 4:100104. [PMID: 37020602 PMCID: PMC10068018 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carapa guianensis (Andiroba, Meliaceae) is considered a multipurpose tree. In Brazil, Indigenous people have used it as insect repellent and in the treatment of various diseases. Most biological activities and popular uses are attributed to limonoids, which are highly oxygenated tetranortriterpenoids. More than 300 limonoids have been described in Meliaceae family. Limonoids from Andiroba oil have shown high anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities in vivo, by inhibiting platelet activating factors and many inflammatory mediators such as IL-5, IL-1β and TNF-α. It also reduced T lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. In corroboration with the wide popular use of Andiroba oil, no significant cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in vivo was reported. This oil promotes apoptosis in a gastric cancer cell line (ACP02) at high concentrations, without showing mutagenic effects, and is suggested to increase the body's nonspecific resistance and adaptive capacity to stressors, exhibit some antioxidant activity, and protect against oxidative DNA damages. Recently, new methodologies of toxicological assays have been applied. They include in chemico, in vitro, in silico and ex vivo procedures, and take place to substitute the use of laboratory animals. Andiroba by-products have been used in sustainable oil production processes and as fertilizers and soil conditioners, raw material for soap production, biodegradable surfactants and an alternative natural source of biodegradable polymer in order to reduce environmental impacts. This review reinforces the relevance of Andiroba and highlights its ability to add value to its by-products and to minimize possible risks to the health of the Amazonian population.
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Kelvin Barros Dias K, Lima Cardoso A, Alice Farias da Costa A, Fonseca Passos M, Emmerson Ferreira da Costa C, Narciso da Rocha Filho G, Helena de Aguiar Andrade E, Luque R, Adriano Santos do Nascimento L, Coelho Rodrigues Noronha R. Biological activities from andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) and its biotechnological applications: a systematic review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Guarea Genus (Meliaceae). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248758. [PMID: 36557891 PMCID: PMC9786185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Guarea is one of the largest genera of the American Meliaceae family, consisting of over 69 species which are widely distributed in Mexico, Argentina, and Africa and are used in traditional medicine for several diseases. Previous studies reported that the Guarea species produce secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, limonoid, steroid, and aromatic compounds. The preliminary chemical investigation commenced by isolating the limonoid compound, dihydrogedunin, in 1962; then, 240 compounds were obtained from the isolation and hydrodistillation process. Meanwhile, sesquiterpenoid is a significant compound with 52% of Guarea species. The extract and compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammation, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, phosphorylation inhibitor, and cytotoxic biological activities. The Guarea genus has also been reported as one of the sources of active compounds for medicinal chemistry. This review summarizes some descriptions regarding the types of Guarea species, especially ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology, such as the compounds isolated from the part of this genus, various isolation methods, and their bioactivities. The information can be used in further investigations to obtain more bioactive compounds and their reaction mechanisms.
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Insecticidal Triterpenes in Meliaceae: Plant Species, Molecules, and Activities: Part II ( Cipadessa, Melia). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105329. [PMID: 35628141 PMCID: PMC9140753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-originated triterpenes are important insecticidal molecules. Research on the insecticidal activity of molecules from Meliaceae plants has always been a hotspot due to the molecules from this family showing a variety of insecticidal activities with diverse mechanisms of action. In this paper, we discussed 116 triterpenoid molecules with insecticidal activity from 22 plant species of five genera (Cipadessa, Entandrophragma, Guarea, Khaya, and Melia) in Meliaceae. In these genera, the insecticidal activities of plants from Entandrophragma and Melia have attracted substantial research attention in recent years. Specifically, the insecticidal activities of plants from Melia have been systemically studied for several decades. In total, the 116 insecticidal chemicals consisted of 34 ring-intact limonoids, 31 ring-seco limonoids, 48 rearranged limonoids, and 3 tetracyclic triterpenes. Furthermore, the 34 ring-intact limonoids included 29 trichilin-class chemicals, 3 azadirone-class chemicals, and 1 cedrelone-class and 1 havanensin-class limonoid. The 31 ring-seco limonoids consisted of 16 C-seco group chemicals, 8 B,D-seco group chemicals, 4 A,B-seco group chemicals, and 3 D-seco group chemicals. Furthermore, among the 48 rearranged limonoids, 46 were 2,30-linkage group chemicals and 2 were 10,11-linkage group chemicals. Specifically, the 46 chemicals belonging to the 2,30-linkage group could be subdivided into 24 mexicanolide-class chemicals and 22 phragmalin-class chemicals. Additionally, the three tetracyclic triterpenes were three protolimonoids. To sum up, 80 chemicals isolated from 19 plant species exhibited antifeedant activity toward 14 insect species; 18 chemicals isolated from 17 plant species exhibited poisonous activity toward 10 insect species; 16 chemicals isolated from 11 plant species possessed growth-regulatory activity toward 8 insect species. In particular, toosendanin was the most effective antifeedant and insect growth-regulatory agent. The antifeedant activity of toosendanin was significant. Owing to its high effect, toosendanin has been commercially applied. Three other molecules, 1,3-dicinnamoyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin, 1-cinnamoyl-3-methacryl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin, and 1-cinnamoyl-3-acetyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin, isolated from Meliaazedarach, exhibited a highly poisonous effect on Spodoptera littoralis; thus, they deserve further attention.
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Mosquera Narvaez LE, Ferreira LMDMC, Sanches S, Alesa Gyles D, Silva-Júnior JOC, Ribeiro Costa RM. A Review of Potential Use of Amazonian Oils in the Synthesis of Organogels for Cosmetic Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092733. [PMID: 35566084 PMCID: PMC9100349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New strategies for the delivery of bioactives in the deeper layers of the skin have been studied in recent years, using mainly natural ingredients. Among the strategies are organogels as a promising tool to load bioactives with different physicochemical characteristics, using vegetable oils. Studies have shown satisfactory skin permeation, good physicochemical stability mainly due to its three-dimensional structure, and controlled release using vegetable oils and low-molecular-weight organogelators. Within the universe of natural ingredients, vegetable oils, especially those from the Amazon, have a series of benefits and characteristics that make them unique compared to conventional oils. Several studies have shown that the use of Amazonian oils brings a series of benefits to the skin, among which are an emollient, moisturizing, and nourishing effect. This work shows a compilation of the main Amazonian oils and their nutraceutical and physicochemical characteristics together with the minority polar components, related to health benefits, and their possible effects on the synthesis of organogels for cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Mosquera Narvaez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Suellen Sanches
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Desireé Alesa Gyles
- Jamaica College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, 237 Old Hope Road, Kinston 6, Jamaica;
| | | | - Roseane Maria Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7203
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Happi GM, Nangmo PK, Dzouemo LC, Kache SF, Kouam ADK, Wansi JD. Contribution of Meliaceous plants in furnishing lead compounds for antiplasmodial and insecticidal drug development. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114906. [PMID: 34910951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria remains one of the greatest threats to human life especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions where it claims hundreds of thousands of lives of young children every year. Meliaceae represent a large family of trees and shrubs, which are widely used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including fever due to malaria. The in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial as well as insecticidal investigations of their extracts or isolated compounds have led to promising results but to the best of our knowledge, no specific review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry of the antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic lead compounds and extracts of Meliaceae plants has been compiled. AIMS To review the literature up to 2021 on the Meliaceae family with antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of online libraries including PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar and Web of Science were used in searching for information on antiplasmodial metabolites from Meliaceous plants. The keywords Meliaceae, malaria, Plasmodium, Anopheles and antiplasmodial were used to monitor and refine our search without language restriction. RESULTS The phytochemical investigations of genera of the family Meliaceae led to the isolation and characterization of a wide range of structural diversity of compounds, 124 of which have been evaluated for their antiplasmodial potency against 11 chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. A total of 45 compounds were reported with promising insecticidal potentials against two efficient vector species, Anopheles stephensi Liston and A. gambiae Giles. Limonoids were the most abundant (51.6%) reported compounds and they exhibited the most promising antiplasmodial activity such as gedunin (3) which demonstrated an activity equal to quinine or azadirachtin (1) displaying promising larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal effects on different larval instars of A. stephensi with almost 100% larval mortality at 1 ppm concentration. CONCLUSION Studies performed so far on Meliaceae plants have reported compounds with significant antiplasmodial and insecticidal activity, lending support to the use of species of this family in folk medicine, for the treatment of malaria. Moreover, results qualified several of these species as important sources of compounds for the development of eco-friendly pesticides to control mosquito vectors. However, more in vitro, in vivo and full ADMET studies are still required to provide additional data that could guide in developing novel drugs and insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Pamela Kemda Nangmo
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Liliane Clotide Dzouemo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Sorelle Fotsing Kache
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
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dos Santos KIP, Benjamim JKF, da Costa KAD, dos Reis AS, de Souza Pinheiro WB, Santos AS. Metabolomics techniques applied in the investigation of phenolic acids from the agro-industrial by-product of Carapa guianensis Aubl. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Silva dos Reis A, Santos AS, Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves J. Ultrasound-assisted lipid extractions, enriched with sterols and tetranortriterpenoids, from Carapa guianensis seeds and the application of lipidomics using GC/MS. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33160-33168. [PMID: 35493601 PMCID: PMC9042240 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the optimized stages of lipid extraction assisted by ultrasound to increase the concentrations of limonoids and steroids from andiroba seeds, identified as Carapa guianensis Aublet, and the lipidome analyzed by TLC and GC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Silva dos Reis
- Laboratory of Systematic Investigation in Biotechnology and Molecular Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Alberdan Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Systematic Investigation in Biotechnology and Molecular Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
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In silico ADMET and molecular docking study on searching potential inhibitors from limonoids and triterpenoids for COVID-19. Comput Biol Med 2020; 124:103936. [PMID: 32738628 PMCID: PMC7386496 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Virtual screening of phytochemicals was performed through molecular docking, simulations, in silico ADMET and drug-likeness prediction to identify the potential hits that can inhibit the effects of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the published literature on medicinal importance, 154 phytochemicals with analogous structure from limonoids and triterpenoids were selected to search potential inhibitors for the five therapeutic protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., 3CLpro (main protease), PLpro (papain-like protease), SGp-RBD (spike glycoprotein-receptor binding domain), RdRp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) and ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). The in silico computational results revealed that the phytochemicals such as glycyrrhizic acid, limonin, 7-deacetyl-7-benzoylgedunin, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, obacunone and ursolic acid were found to be effective against the target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The protein-ligand interaction study revealed that these phytochemicals bind with the amino acid residues at the active site of the target proteins. Therefore, the core structure of these potential hits can be used for further lead optimization to design drugs for SARS-CoV-2. Also, the medicinal plants containing these phytochemicals like licorice, neem, tulsi, citrus and olives can be used to formulate suitable therapeutic approaches in traditional medicines. 154 limonoids and triterpenoids were screened computationally to search potential inhibitors for COVID-19. Phytochemicals were screened by molecular docking, in silico ADMET and drug-likeness prediction. Docking studies of phytochemicals were performed with five therapeutic protein targets of SARS-CoV-2. 7 potential phytochemicals were proposed as potential hits against the SARS-CoV-2. Proposed phytochemicals are found mainly in neem, tulsi, citrus, licorice and olives.
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Porfírio‐Dias CL, Melo KM, Bastos CEMC, Ferreira TAA, Azevedo LFC, Salgado HL, Santos AS, Rissino JD, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensisAubl) shows cytotoxicity but no mutagenicity in the ACPP02 gastric cancer cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1060-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L. Porfírio‐Dias
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Karina M. Melo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Carlos E. M. C. Bastos
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Tássia A. A. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Luana F. C. Azevedo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Hugo L. Salgado
- Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade MolecularInstituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Alberdan S. Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade MolecularInstituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Jorge D. Rissino
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Cleusa Y. Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Julio C. Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
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Braga TM, Rocha L, Chung TY, Oliveira RF, Pinho C, Oliveira AI, Morgado J, Cruz A. Biological Activities of Gedunin-A Limonoid from the Meliaceae Family. Molecules 2020; 25:E493. [PMID: 31979346 PMCID: PMC7037920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gedunin is an important limonoid present in several genera of the Meliaceae family, mainly in seeds. Several biological activities have been attributed to gedunin, including antibacterial, insecticidal, antimalarial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The discovery of gedunin as a heat shock protein (Hsp) inhibitor represented a very important landmark for its application as a biological therapeutic agent. The current study is a critical literature review based on the several biological activities so far described for gedunin, its therapeutic effect on some human diseases, and future directions of research for this natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M. Braga
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Lídia Rocha
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Tsz Yan Chung
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Rita F. Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Cláudia Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Ana I. Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Joaquim Morgado
- Bio4Life4You, 4460-170 Porto, Portugal;
- World Neem Organization, Mumbai 400101, India
| | - Agostinho Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (T.Y.C.); (R.F.O.); (C.P.); (A.I.O.)
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Jin Z, Ma J, Zhu G, Zhang H. Discovery of Novel Anti-cryptosporidial Activities From Natural Products by in vitro High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1999. [PMID: 31551955 PMCID: PMC6736568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite of both medical and veterinary importance. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA-approved drug to treat cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent people, but it is not fully effective. There is no drug approved by FDA for use in immunocompromised patients or in animals. In the present study, we conducted phenotypic screening of 800 nature products with defined chemical structures for potential novel activity against the growth of C. parvum in vitro. We identified a large number of compounds showing low to sub-micromolar anti-cryptosporidial activity, and fully characterized 16 top hits for anti-parasitic efficacies in vitro [EC50 values from 0.122 to 3.940 μM, cytotoxicity (TC50) values from 6.31 to >100 μm] and their safety margins. Among them, 11 compounds were derived from plants with EC50 values from 0.267 to 3.940 μM [i.e., cedrelone, deoxysappanone B 7,4'-dimethyl ether (Deox B 7,4), tanshinone IIA, baicalein, deoxysappanone B 7,3'-dimethyl ether acetate, daunorubicin, dihydrogambogic acid, deacetylgedunin, deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, dihydrotanshinone I, 2,3,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 3-deoxo-3beta-hydroxy-mexicanolide 16-enol ether]. Three compounds with sub-micromolar EC50 values (i.e., cedrelone, Deox B 7,4, and baicalein) were further investigated for their effectiveness on various parasite developmental stages in vitro. Cedrelone and baicalein were more effective than Dexo B 7,4 when treating parasite for shorter periods of time, but all three compounds could kill the parasite irreversibly. These findings provide us a large selection of new structures derived from natural products to be explored for developing anti-cryptosporidial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Jin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guan Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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de Miranda MDCM, Carvalho CM, Faria FS, Nobreza AMS, Pereira TM, Pivatto K, da Costa MV, Guedes OA, de Araújo Estrela CR, Borges ÁH. Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemical Extracts and Endophytic Fungi of Carapa Guianensis Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Endodontic Infections An In Vitro Study. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of phytochemical extracts and endophytic fungi of Carapa guianensis against Enterococcus faecalis. Carapa guianensis leaves and stems were collected to obtain phytochemical extracts and fungal metabolites and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against E. faecalis using the disc diffusion method and dentin blocks with bacterial biofilm.
Methods:
Thirty dentin blocks were prepared and contaminated for 60 days with E. faecalis. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to the test solution used: G1 – hexane stem extract of Carapa guianensis; G2 – methanol stem extract of Carapa guianensis; G3 – methanol leaf extract of Carapa guianensis; G4 – ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium isolated from Carapa guianensis; G5 – negative control, with no addition of bacterial inoculum; G6 – positive control.
Results:
Bacterial growth was analyzed by spectrophotometry after 14 days of direct contact between the extracts and dentin blocks. The hexane-stem, methanol-stem, methanol-leaf, and ethyl-acetate endophytic fungus Penicillium extracts inhibited bacterial growth in 100% of the samples.
Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated the antibacterial potential of phytochemical extracts and endophytic fungi of Carapa guianensis against E. faecalis.
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Prommaban A, Utama‐ang N, Chaikitwattana A, Uthaipibull C, Srichairatanakool S. Linoleic acid‐rich guava seed oil: Safety and bioactivity. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2749-2764. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Prommaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Niramon Utama‐ang
- Department of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro‐ScienceUniversity Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Science and Technology Development AgencyProtein‐Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Thailand Science Park Pathum Thani Thailand
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Matsumoto C, Koike A, Tanaka R, Fujimori K. A Limonoid, 7-Deacetoxy-7-Oxogedunin (CG-1) from Andiroba ( Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae) Lowers the Accumulation of Intracellular Lipids in Adipocytes via Suppression of IRS-1/Akt-Mediated Glucose Uptake and a Decrease in GLUT4 Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091668. [PMID: 31035366 PMCID: PMC6540142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonoids are phytochemicals with a variety of biological properties. In the present study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of suppression of adipogenesis in adipocytes by a limonoid, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (CG-1) from Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae), known as andiroba. CG-1 reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression levels of the adipogenic, lipogenic, and lipolytic genes were decreased by CG-1 treatment, whereas the glycerol release level was not affected. When CG-1 was added into the medium during days 0-2 of 6-days-adipogenesis, the accumulation of intracellular lipids and the mRNA levels of the adipogenesis-related genes were decreased. In addition, the phosphorylation level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation (within 1 day after initiating adipocyte differentiation) was reduced by CG-1. Furthermore, insulin-activated translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membranes in adipocytes was suppressed by CG-1, followed by decreased glucose uptake into the cells. These results indicate that an andiroba limonoid CG-1 suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation through repression of IRS-1/Akt-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Koike
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Tsukamoto Y, Oya H, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Guianofruits C–I from fruit oil of andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae). Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Obbo CJD, Kariuki ST, Gathirwa JW, Olaho-Mukani W, Cheplogoi PK, Mwangi EM. In vitro antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities of selected medicinal plants from Ugandan flora: Refocusing into multi-component potentials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:127-136. [PMID: 30273736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seven medicinal plants from Ugandan flora, namely Entada abyssinica, Khaya anthotheca, Vernonia amygdalina, Baccharoides adoensis, Schkuhria pinnata, Entandropragma utile and Momordica foetida, were selected in this study. They are used to treat conditions and infections ranging from inflammations, pains and fevers to viruses, bacteria, protozoans and parasites. Two of the plants, V. amygdalina and M. foetida, are also used as human food or relish, while others are important in ethnoveterinary practices and in zoopharmacognosy in the wild. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities, along with cytotoxicity of the multi-component extracts of these plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different parts of the plants were prepared and serially extracted with hexane, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and double distilled water. Solvent free extracts were assayed for in vitro inhibition against four reference parasite strains, Plasmodium falciparum (K1), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (STIB 900), Trypanosoma cruzi (Talahuen C2C4) and Leishmania donovani (MHOM-ET-67/L82) using standard methods. Toxicity was assessed against L6 skeletal fibroblast and mouse peritoneal macrophage (J774) cells and selectivity indices (SIs) calculated for the most active extracts. RESULTS The strongest activities, demonstrating median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ≤ 2 μg/ml, were observed for the dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts of K. anthotheca, B. adoensis and S. pinnata. Overall, IC50 values ranged from < 1 μg/ml to > 90 μg/ml. Out of 22 extracts demonstrating IC50s < 20 μg/ml, seven were against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50: 1.6-16.2 μg/ml), six against T. cruzi (IC50: 2.1-18.57 μg/ml), none against L. donovani (IC50: falling > 3.3 and >10 μg/ml), and nine against P. falciparum (IC50: 0.96 μg/ml to 4.69 μg/ml). Selectivity indices (SI) calculated for the most active extracts ranged from <1.00 to 94.24. However, the B. adoensis leaf dichloromethane extract (a) was equipotent (IC50 = 3.3 μg/ml) against L. donovani and L6 cells respectively, indicating non-specific selection. Trypanosome and Plasmodium parasites were comparatively more sensitive to the test extracts. CONCLUSIONS The benefits achieved from the seven tested plant species as traditional ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary therapies or in zoopharmacognosy against infections and conditions of animals in the wild are strongly supported by results of this study. The synergy of plant extracts, so achieved by concerted actions of the ligands, produces adequate perturbation of targets in the four parasite genera, resulting in the strong potencies exhibited by low IC50 values. The total inhibitory effect, achieved as a sum of perturbations contributed by each participating compound in the extract, minimises toxic effects of the compounds as seen in the high SI's obtained with some extracts. Those extracts demonstrating SI ≥ 4 form promising candidates for further cell-based and system pharmacology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J D Obbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, Kyambogo University, Post Box 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - S T Kariuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya
| | - J W Gathirwa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - W Olaho-Mukani
- African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources, P.O. Box 30786, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - P K Cheplogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya.
| | - E M Mwangi
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya
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Carapanosins D-F from the Seeds of Andiroba ( Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae) and Their Effects on LPS-Activated NO Production. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071778. [PMID: 30029521 PMCID: PMC6099744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nor-phragmalin-type limonoid, named carapanosin D (1), and two novel mexicanolide-type limonoids, carapanosins E (2) and F (3), were isolated from the seed oil of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet), a traditional medicine in Brazil and Latin American countries. Their structures were unambiguously determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques and High resolution Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (HRFABMS). Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The NO inhibitory assay suggested that compounds 2 and 3 have high potency as inhibitors of macrophage activation.
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Wanzeler AMV, Júnior SMA, Gomes JT, Gouveia EHH, Henriques HYB, Chaves RH, Soares BM, Salgado HLC, Santos AS, Tuji FM. Therapeutic effect of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) against oral mucositis: an experimental study in golden Syrian hamsters. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2069-2079. [PMID: 29256157 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the healing activity of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) against oral mucositis (OM) induced by 5-fluorouracil in golden Syrian hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 animals were randomized and divided into six groups: andiroba oil 100%, andiroba oil 10%, andiroba oil 10% refined, no treatment group, all n = 28; and negative control (NC) and cyclophosphamide (CPA) groups, both n = 5. OM was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg 5-FU on days 0, 5 and 10 followed by mechanical trauma on the oral mucosa on days 1 and 2. From day 1 to day 15, the animals of the andiroba group were treated three times a day. On days 4, 8, 12 and 15, the mucosa was photographed and removed for clinical and histopathological analysis. The bone marrow of the femur was removed and the micronucleus test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey and Bonferroni test. RESULTS Treatment with 100% andiroba oil reduced the degree of OM compared to that reported in the other groups (p < 0.05). Andiroba oil at both concentrations was not cytotoxic, but treatment with 100% andiroba oil showed a genotoxic potential (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Frequent administration of andiroba oil accelerated the healing process in an experimental model of 5-fluorouracil-induced OM. However, the genotoxicity of andiroba in other cell systems and under other conditions are being tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of andiroba in topical form may be associated with reduced intensity of OM. Seek therapeutic alternatives to minimize the pain and suffering that these side effects cause cancer patients is an important scientific step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Helena Chaves
- Department of Medicine, University of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Soares
- Department of Genetics, Human Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hugo Leonardo Crisóstomo Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, Systematic Research in Biotechnology and Molecular Diversity Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberdan Silva Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Systematic Research in Biotechnology and Molecular Diversity Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Antioxidant Activity and Genotoxic Assessment of Crabwood (Andiroba, Carapa guianensis Aublet) Seed Oils. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3246719. [PMID: 29854079 PMCID: PMC5954914 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3246719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The seed oil of Carapa guianensis (Aublet), a tree from the Meliaceae family commonly known as andiroba, is widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine because of its multiple curative properties against fever and rheumatism and as an anti-inflammatory agent, antibacterial agent, and insect repellant. Since there is no consensus on the best way to obtain the C. guianensis oil and due to its ethnomedicinal properties, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the chemical composition, free-radical scavenging activity, and mutagenic and genotoxicity properties of three C. guianensis oils obtained by different extraction methods. The phenolic contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Oil 1 was obtained by pressing the dried seeds at room temperature; oil 2 was obtained by autoclaving, drying, and pressing; oil 3 was obtained by Soxhlet extraction at 30–60°C using petroleum ether. The oil from each process presented differential yields, physicochemical properties, and phenolic contents. Oil 1 showed a higher scavenging activity against the DPPH radical when compared to oils 2 and 3, suggesting a significant antioxidant activity. All oils were shown to be cytotoxic to bacteria and to CHO-K1 and RAW264.7 cells. At noncytotoxic concentrations, oil 2 presented mutagenicity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and induced micronuclei in both cell types. Under the same conditions, oil 3 also induced micronucleus formation. However, the present data demonstrated that oil 1, extracted without using high temperatures, was the safest for use as compared to the other two oils, not showing mutagenicity or micronucleus induction.
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Rapid Discrimination Between Authentic and Adulterated Andiroba Oil Using FTIR-HATR Spectroscopy and Random Forest. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Morikawa T, Nagatomo A, Kitazawa K, Muraoka O, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R, Ninomiya K. Collagen Synthesis-Promoting Effects of Andiroba Oil and its Limonoid Constituents in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | | | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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Higuchi K, Tani Y, Kikuchi T, In Y, Yamada T, Muraoka O, Tanaka N, Tanaka R. Guianolactones A and B, Two Rearranged Pentacyclic Limonoids from the Seeds of Carapa guianensis. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:3000-3004. [PMID: 28994222 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two novel rearranged limonoids, guianolactones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae) seeds. The structures of 1 and 2 with their absolute configurations were elucidated in detailed examinations using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and 2D NMR spectra. Guianolactone A (1) has a novel 5/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic core including two δ-lactone and a tetrahydropyran ring, while guianolactone B (2) is a novel limonoid with a 6/6/5/6/6 pentacyclic core featuring a δ-lactone and a tetrahydrofuran ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Higuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tani
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naonobu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
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Preparation of a Nanoemulsion with Carapa guianensis Aublet (Meliaceae) Oil by a Low-Energy/Solvent-Free Method and Evaluation of Its Preliminary Residual Larvicidal Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6756793. [PMID: 28798803 PMCID: PMC5535731 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6756793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis) seeds are the source of an oil with a wide range of biological activities and ethnopharmacological uses. However, few studies have devoted attention to innovative formulations, including nanoemulsions. The present study aimed to obtain a colloidal system with the andiroba oil using a low-energy and organic-solvent-free method. Moreover, the preliminary residual larvicidal activity of the nanoemulsion against Aedes aegypti was evaluated. Oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids, in addition to the phytosterol β-sitosterol and limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids). The required hydrophile-lipophile was around 11.0 and the optimal nanoemulsion was obtained using polysorbate 85. The particle size distribution suggested the presence of small droplets (mean diameter around 150 nm) and low polydispersity index (around 0.150). The effect of temperature on particle size distribution revealed that no major droplet size increase occurred. The preliminary residual larvicidal assay suggested that the mortality increased as a function of time. The present study allowed achievement of a potential bioactive oil in water nanoemulsion that may be a promising controlled release system. Moreover, the ecofriendly approach involved in the preparation associated with the great bioactive potential of C. guianensis makes this nanoemulsion very promising for valorization of this Amazon raw material.
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Lemes SR, Chaves DA, Silva NJDA, Carneiro CC, Chen-Chen L, Almeida LMDE, Gonçalves PJ, Melo-Reis PRDE. Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2043-2051. [PMID: 28678958 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susy R Lemes
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Dwight A Chaves
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson J DA Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristiene C Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane M DE Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás/UEG, Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Caixa Postal 459, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Pablo J Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo R DE Melo-Reis
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Ricardo LM, Paula-Souza JD, Andrade A, Brandão MG. Plants from the Brazilian Traditional Medicine: species from the books of the Polish physician Piotr Czerniewicz (Pedro Luiz Napoleão Chernoviz, 1812–1881). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Higuchi K, Miyake T, Ohmori S, Tani Y, Minoura K, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Carapanosins A-C from Seeds of Andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae) and Their Effects on LPS-Activated NO Production. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030502. [PMID: 28327530 PMCID: PMC6155435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new phragmalin-type limonoids, Carapanosins A and B (1 and 2), and a new gedunin-type limonoid, Carapansin C (3), together with five known limonoids (4–8) were isolated from the oil of Carapa guianensis AUBLET (Meliaceae) seeds, a traditional medicine in Brazil and Latin American countries. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRFABMS. Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their effects on the production of NO in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The NO inhibitory assay suggested that Compounds 3, 6, and 8 may be valuable as potential inhibitors of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Higuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Teppei Miyake
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Shoko Ohmori
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Tani
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Minoura
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Elufioye TO, Abdul AA, Moody JO. Cytotoxicity Studies of the Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Compound of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on Cervical Cancer (HeLa), Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Skeletal Muscle Cancer (RD) Cells. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:46-50. [PMID: 28250653 PMCID: PMC5330102 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.199776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the cytotoxic effects of root and stem bark extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds derived from Pseudocedrela kotschyi on HeLa, MCF-7, and RD cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic activity was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay against three cell lines (RD, HeLa, and MCF 7) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1000 μg/mL. Isolation of crude saponin was done from the most active ethyl acetate fraction and further purified using vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatographic techniques. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the methanol extract from the root bark and the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark exhibited marked anticancer activity with IC50 of 87.36 μg/ml and 21.53 μg/ml, respectively, on HeLa cancer cell line and 101.51 μg/mL and 38.46 μg/mL, respectively, on RD cell line. These values are comparable with that obtained from vinblastine and methotrexate used as standard drugs (IC50 values of 0.01 μg/mL and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively). The isolated crude saponins also gave IC50 values of 5.28 μg/mL and 81.52 μg/mL against the RD cell lines and IC50values of 1.05 μg/mL and 86.8 μg/mL for the MCF 7 cancer cell lines. PTLC led to the isolation of a compound from the crude saponin which was identified as 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. CONCLUSIONS P. kotschyi could be considered as a potential source of chemotherapeutic agent. However, further research to determine the exact mechanism of action needs to be carried out. SUMMARY Pseudocedrela kotschyi methanol extract from the root bark and the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark exhibited marked anticancer activity on HeLa, MCF-7, and RD cell lines7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin isolated as a white crystalline substance from the most active ethyl acetate fraction contributed to the observed activity. Abbreviations Used: MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; VLC: Vacuum liquid chromatography; PTLC: Preparative thin layer chromatographic; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; FHI: Forest Herbarium Ibadan; DMSO: Dimethylsuphoxide; SEM: Standard error of mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Elufioye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abolaji A Abdul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jone O Moody
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Gaspar AS, Wagner FE, Amaral VS, Costa Lima SA, Khomchenko VA, Santos JG, Costa BFO, Durães L. Development of a biocompatible magnetic nanofluid by incorporating SPIONs in Amazonian oils. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 172:135-146. [PMID: 27106814 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher quality magnetic nanoparticles are needed for use as magnetic nanoprobe in medical imaging techniques and cancer therapy. Moreover, the phytochemistry benefits of some Amazonian essential oils have sparked great interest for medical treatments. In this work, a magnetic nanoprobe was developed, allying the biocompatibility and superparamagnetism of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with benefits associated with Amazonian oils from Copaiba and Andiroba trees. SPIONs were obtained by two thermal decomposition procedures and different amounts of precursors (iron acetylacetonates). Their characterization was accomplished by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization. The obtained nanoparticles composition and magnetic properties were not affected by the relative proportion of iron(II) and iron(III) in the precursor system. However, when changing the reducing and stabilizing agents the coating layer shows different compositions/relative weight - the more promising SPIONs have a coating mainly composed by oleylamine and an iron oxide:coating wt% ratio of 55:45. Nanoparticles size distributions were very narrow and centred in the average size of 6-7nm. Cellular assays confirmed the biocompatibility of SPIONs and their effective internalization in human colon cancer cells. Mössbauer/XRD results indicated maghemite as their main iron oxide phase, but traces of magnetite proved to be present. Magnetization saturations of 57emu/g at 5K and 42emu/g at 300K were achieved. With incorporation of SPIONs into Copaiba and Andiroba essential oils, these values show a 4-fold decrease, but the supermagnetic behaviour is preserved providing the effective formation of a nanofluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Gaspar
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal; CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Friedrich E Wagner
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Vítor S Amaral
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Judes G Santos
- Federal University of Rondônia-UNIR, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanobiomagnetism, CEP 76900-000, Amazonia, Brazil
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Artisanal Extraction and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Use of Crabwood Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) in a Peri-Urban Várzea Environment in the Amazon Estuary. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5828021. [PMID: 27478479 PMCID: PMC4958429 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5828021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha Protected Area, in the state of Amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil. The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation. The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home for personal use, with surplus marketed within the community. More than 90% of the members of the community involved in extraction of crabwood oil highlighted the use of the oil to combat inflammation of the throat. Knowledge transfer occurs via oral transmission and through direct observation.
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Kimura VT, Miyasato CS, Genesi BP, Lopes PS, Yoshida CMP, Silva CFD. The effect of andiroba oil and chitosan concentration on the physical properties of chitosan emulsion film. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ninomiya K, Miyazawa S, Ozeki K, Matsuo N, Muraoka O, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R, Morikawa T. Hepatoprotective Limonoids from Andiroba (Carapa guianensis). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E591. [PMID: 27104518 PMCID: PMC4849045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three gedunin-type limonoids, gedunin (1), 6α-acetoxygedunin (2), and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (3), which were isolated from the seed and flower oils of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae), exhibited hepatoprotective effects at doses of 25 mg/kg, p.o. against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. To characterize the mechanisms of action of 1-3 and clarify the structural requirements for their hepatoprotective effects, 17 related limonoids (1-17) isolated from the seed and/or flower oils of C. guianensis were examined in in vitro studies assessing their effects on (i) d-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes, (ii) LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and (iii) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells. The mechanisms of action of 1-3 are likely to involve the inhibition of LPS-induced macrophage activation and reduced sensitivity of hepatocytes to TNF-α; however, these compounds did not decrease the cytotoxicity caused by d-GalN. In addition, the structural requirements of limonoids (1-17) for inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages and TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Seiya Miyazawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kaiten Ozeki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Matsuo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Miyake T, Ishimoto S, Ishimatsu N, Higuchi K, Minoura K, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Muraoka O, Tanaka R. Carapanolides T-X from Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) Seeds. Molecules 2015; 20:20955-66. [PMID: 26610460 PMCID: PMC6331856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new mexicanolide-type limonoids, carapanolides T–U (1–2), and three new phragmalin-type limonoids, carapanolides V–X (3–5), were isolated from the seeds of Carapa guianensis (andiroba). Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Miyake
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Sari Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ishimatsu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Higuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Minoura
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Ren W, Xin SK, Han LY, Zuo R, Li Y, Gong MX, Wei XL, Zhou YY, He J, Wang HJ, Si N, Zhao HY, Yang J, Bian BL. Comparative metabolism of four limonoids in human liver microsomes using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2045-2056. [PMID: 26443405 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Limonoids, characterized by a triterpenoid skeleton with a furan ring, are unique secondary metabolites widely distributed in the families of Rutaceae, particularly in Citrus species and Meliaceae. Studies on health benefits have demonstrated that limonoids have a range of biological activities. Dietary intake of citrus limonoids may provide a protective effect against the onset of various cancers and other xenobiotic related diseases. However, few studies about the metabolic profiles of limonoids have been carried out. METHODS The objectives of this study were to investigate the metabolic profiles of four limonoids (limonin, obacunone, nominin and gedunin) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) and to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the formation of their metabolites by recombinant human CYP enzymes. RESULTS Based on the accurate HR-MS/MS spectra and the proposed MS/MS fragmentation pathways, four metabolites of limonin (M1-1, M1-2, M1-3 and M1-4), eight metabolites ofobacunone (M2-1, M2-2, M2-3, M2-4, M2-5, M2-6, M2-7 and M2-8), six metabolites of nominin (M3-1, M3-2, M3-3, M3-4, M3-5 and M3-6) and three metabolites of gedunin (M4-1, M4-2 and M4-3) in HLMs were tentatively identified and the involved CYPs were investigated. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that reduction at C-7 and C-16, hydroxylation and reaction of glycine with reduction limonoids were the major metabolic pathways of limonoids in HLMs. Among them, glycination with reduction was the unique metabolic process of limonoids observed for the first time. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 played an important role in the isomerization and glycination of limonoids in HLMs, whereas other CYP isoforms were considerably less active. The results might help to understand the metabolic process of limonoids in vitro such as the unidentified metabolites of limonin glucoside observed in the medium of microbes and the biotransformation of limonin in juices. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further study the pharmacokinetic behavior of limonoids in vivo systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shao-Kun Xin
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ling-Yu Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ran Zuo
- Li Kang Hospital, Beijing, 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mu-Xing Gong
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Frausin G, Hidalgo ADF, Lima RBS, Kinupp VF, Ming LC, Pohlit AM, Milliken W. An ethnobotanical study of anti-malarial plants among indigenous people on the upper Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article we present the plants used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon. The region has important biological and cultural diversities including more than twenty indigenous ethnic groups and a strong history in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to survey information in the Baniwa, Baré, Desana, Piratapuia, Tariana, Tukano, Tuyuca and Yanomami ethnic communities and among caboclos (mixed-ethnicity) on (a) plant species used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms, (b) dosage forms and (c) distribution of these anti-malarial plants in the Amazon. METHODS Information was obtained through classical ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological methods from interviews with 146 informants in Santa Isabel municipality on the upper Negro River, Brazil. RESULTS Fifty-five mainly native neotropical plant species from 34 families were in use. The detailed uses of these plants were documented. The result was 187 records (64.5%) of plants for the specific treatment of malaria, 51 records (17.6%) of plants used in the treatment of liver problems and 29 records (10.0%) of plants used in the control of fevers associated with malaria. Other uses described were blood fortification ('dar sangue'), headache and prophylaxis. Most of the therapeutic preparations were decoctions and infusions based on stem bark, root bark and leaves. These were administered by mouth. In some cases, remedies were prepared with up to three different plant species. Also, plants were used together with other ingredients such as insects, mammals, gunpowder and milk. CONCLUSION This is the first study on the anti-malarial plants from this region of the Amazon. Aspidosperma spp. and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke were the most cited species in the communities surveyed. These species have experimental proof supporting their anti-malarial efficacy. The dosage of the therapeutic preparations depends on the kind of plant, quantity of plant material available, the patient's age (children and adults) and the local expert. The treatment time varies from a single dose to up to several weeks. Most anti-malarial plants are domesticated or grow spontaneously. They are grown in home gardens, open areas near the communities, clearings and secondary forests, and wild species grow in areas of seasonally flooded wetlands and terra firme ('solid ground') forest, in some cases in locations that are hard to access. Traditional knowledge of plants was found to be falling into disuse presumably as a consequence of the local official health services that treat malaria in the communities using commercial drugs. Despite this, some species are used in the prevention of this disease and also in the recovery after using conventional anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Frausin
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Ari de Freitas Hidalgo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Renata Braga Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Valdely Ferreira Kinupp
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Avenida Ferreira Pena, 1109, Centro, CEP 69025-010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Lin Chau Ming
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caixa Postal 237, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Borges PV, Moret KH, Maya-Monteiro CM, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR, Batista PR, Caffarena ER, Pacheco P, Henriques MDG, Penido C. Gedunin Binds to Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 and Impairs Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:949-61. [PMID: 26330549 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by innate immune system is mediated by the cluster of differentiation 14/Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) complex. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of gedunin, a limonoid from species of the Meliaceae family described as a heat shock protein Hsp90 inhibitor, on LPS-induced response in immortalized murine macrophages. The pretreatment of wild-type (WT) macrophages with gedunin (0.01-100 µM, noncytotoxic concentrations) inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced calcium influx, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective effect of gedunin on MyD88-adapter-like/myeloid differentiation primary response 88- and TRIF-related adaptor molecule/TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-dependent signaling pathways was further investigated. The pretreatment of WT, TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β knockout, and MyD88 adapter-like knockout macrophages with gedunin (10 µM) significantly inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, at 6 hours and 24 hours, suggesting that gedunin modulates a common event between both signaling pathways. Furthermore, gedunin (10 µM) inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 production, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and nuclear factor κB translocation into the nucleus of WT macrophages, demonstrating a wide-range effect of this chemical compound. In addition to the ability to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, gedunin also triggered anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and Hsp70 in macrophages stimulated or not with LPS. In silico modeling studies revealed that gedunin efficiently docked into the MD-2 LPS binding site, a phenomenon further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Our results reveal that, in addition to Hsp90 modulation, gedunin acts as a competitive inhibitor of LPS, blocking the formation of the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2/LPS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Villani Borges
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katelim Hottz Moret
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raúl Caffarena
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pacheco
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carapanolides M–S from seeds of andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae) and triglyceride metabolism-promoting activity in high glucose-pretreated HepG2 cells. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carapanolides J-L from the seeds of Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) and their effects on LPS-activated NO production. Molecules 2014; 19:17130-40. [PMID: 25347457 PMCID: PMC6270836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gedunin and two novel phragmalin-type limonoids, named carapanolides J–L (compounds 1–3) as well as a known gedunin-type limonoid 4 were isolated from the seeds of Carapa guianensis (andiroba). Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRFABMS. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their effects on the production of NO in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
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Bataglion GA, da Silva FM, Santos JM, dos Santos FN, Barcia MT, de Lourenço CC, Salvador MJ, Godoy HT, Eberlin MN, Koolen HH. Comprehensive characterization of lipids from Amazonian vegetable oils by mass spectrometry techniques. Food Res Int 2014; 64:472-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sakamoto A, Tanaka Y, Yamada T, Kikuchi T, Muraoka O, Ninomiya K, Morikawa T, Tanaka R. Andirolides W-Y from the flower oil of andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae). Fitoterapia 2014; 100:81-7. [PMID: 25200371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Three new limonoids, andirolides W-Y (1-3), were isolated from the flower oil of Carapa guianasis AUBLET (Meliaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FABMS. Seven known limonoids: 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (4), 6α-acetoxygedunin (5), methylangolensate (6), 6α-hydroxygedunin (7), 6α-acetoxy-7α-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin (8), gedunin (9), and 7-deacetoxy-7-hydroxygedunin (10) from this flower oil were evaluated for the effects on the production of NO in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Pereira TB, Rocha e Silva LF, Amorim RCN, Melo MRS, Zacardi de Souza RC, Eberlin MN, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MC, Pohlit AM. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of limonoids isolated from the residual seed biomass from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil production. Malar J 2014; 13:317. [PMID: 25124944 PMCID: PMC4138406 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carapa guianensis is a cultivable tree used by traditional health practitioners in the Amazon region to treat several diseases and particularly symptoms related to malaria. Abundant residual pressed seed material (RPSM) results as a by-product of carapa or andiroba oil production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity and cytotoxicity of limonoids isolated from C. guaianensis RPSM. METHODS 6α-acetoxyepoxyazadiradione (1), andirobin (2), 6α-acetoxygedunin (3) and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (4) (all isolated from RPSM using extraction and chromatography techniques) and 6α-hydroxy-deacetylgedunin (5) (prepared from 3) were evaluated using the micro test on the multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain. The efficacy of limonoids 3 and 4 was then evaluated orally and subcutaneously in BALB/c mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain in the 4-day suppressive test. RESULTS In vitro, limonoids 1-5 exhibited median inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 20.7-5.0 μM, respectively. In general, these limonoids were not toxic to normal cells (MRC-5 human fibroblasts). In vivo, 3 was more active than 4. At oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, 3 suppressed parasitaemia versus untreated controls by 40 and 66%, respectively, evidencing a clear dose-response. CONCLUSION 6α-acetoxygedunin is an abundant natural product present in C. guianensis residual seed materials that exhibits significant in vivo anti-malarial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago B Pereira
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
- />Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Luiz F Rocha e Silva
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
- />Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Rodrigo CN Amorim
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Márcia RS Melo
- />Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Rita C Zacardi de Souza
- />Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- />Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- />Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-00 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Marne C Vasconcellos
- />Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-00 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Adrian M Pohlit
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
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Inoue T, Matsui Y, Kikuchi T, In Y, Muraoka O, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Carapanolides C–I from the seeds of andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae). Fitoterapia 2014; 96:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Brito NB, de Souza Junior JM, Leão LRS, Brito MVH, Rêgo ACM, Medeiros AC. Effects of andiroba (Carapa guianensis) oil on hepatic function of rats subjected to liver normothermic ischemia and reperfusion. Rev Col Bras Cir 2014; 40:476-9. [PMID: 24573626 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912013000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the Andiroba (carapa guianensis) oil on liver function in rats subjected to normothermic ischemia / reperfusion injury. METHODS we divided 12 Wistar rats into two groups: saline (n = 6) and Andiroba (n = 6). The Andiroba group was treated with Andiroba oil (0.63 ml/kg orally) for seven days before surgery. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the blood supply to the lateral and median lobes of the liver, using vascular clips, in both groups, for 45min, followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes later. We analyzed dosages of AST, ALT, Gamma-GT, and liver biodistribution of 99mTc phytate. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the percentage of radioactivity / gram of tissue (%ATI/g) in the right lobe of the saline group (17.53 ± 2.78) compared with the Andiroba group (18.04 ± 3.52) p = 0.461, the same occurring in the%ATI/g of the left lobe of the liver when the two groups were compared (p = 0.083). In the saline group, the%ATI/g was significantly higher in the non-ischemic right hepatic lobe (17.53 ± 2.78) when compared with the left lobe (5.04 ± 0.82) that suffered ischemia / reperfusion (p = 0.002). Significant differences also occurred when comparing the right (18.04 ± 3.52) and left (7.11 ± 1.86) lobes of the animals of the Andiroba group (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in dosages of AST, ALT and Gamma- GT when comparing the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Andiroba oil did not contribute to the protection of liver function in a rat model of liver injury induced by normothermic ischemia and reperfusion.
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Kittayaruksakul S, Zhao W, Xu M, Ren S, Lu J, Wang J, Downes M, Evans RM, Venkataramanan R, Chatsudthipong V, Xie W. Identification of three novel natural product compounds that activate PXR and CAR and inhibit inflammation. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2199-208. [PMID: 23896737 PMCID: PMC3771640 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of three natural product compounds, carapin, santonin and isokobusone, on the activity of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and inhibition of inflammation. METHODS The monkey kidney-derived fibroblast (CV-1) cells and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells were used for transient transfection and luciferase reporter gene assays. Human primary hepatocytes and primary hepatocytes from wild type, PXR-/-, and hPXR transgenic mice were used to study the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the implication of these compounds in inflammation. RESULTS Carapin, santonin and isokobusone activated both PXR and CAR in transient transfection and luciferase reporter gene assays. Mutagenesis studies showed that two amino acid residues, Phe305 of the rodent PXR and Leu308 of the human PXR, are critical for the recognition of these compounds by PXR. Importantly, the activation of PXR and CAR by these compounds induced the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in primary human and mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, activation of PXR by these compounds inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of these natural compounds on drug metabolism and inflammation were abolished in PXR-/- hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that carapin, santonin and isokobusone activate PXR and CAR and induce drug-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, these compounds inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to LPS through the activation of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suticha Kittayaruksakul
- Department of Physiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Lab Animal Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Lab Animal Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Michael Downes
- Department of Lab Animal Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Department of Lab Animal Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Inoue T, Matsui Y, Kikuchi T, In Y, Yamada T, Muraoka O, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R. Guianolides A and B, New Carbon Skeletal Limonoids from the Seeds of Carapa guianensis. Org Lett 2013; 15:3018-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400924u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuuki Matsui
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shunyo Matsunaga
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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