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Nikolova K, Velikova M, Gentscheva G, Gerasimova A, Slavov P, Harbaliev N, Makedonski L, Buhalova D, Petkova N, Gavrilova A. Chemical Compositions, Pharmacological Properties and Medicinal Effects of Genus Passiflora L.: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:228. [PMID: 38256781 PMCID: PMC10820460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Practically all aboveground plants parts of Passiflora vines can be included in the compositions of dietary supplements, medicines, and cosmetics. It has a diverse chemical composition and a wide range of biologically active components that determine its diverse pharmacological properties. Studies related to the chemical composition of the plant are summarized here, and attention has been paid to various medical applications-(1) anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective; (2) anti-depressant; (3) antidiabetic; (4) hepatoprotective; (5) antibacterial and antifungal; and (6) antipyretic and other. This review includes studies on the safety, synergistic effects, and toxicity that may occur with the use of various dietary supplements based on it. Attention has been drawn to its application in cosmetics and to patented products containing passionflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Velikova
- Department of Physiology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Galia Gentscheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Gerasimova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Pavlo Slavov
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (P.S.)
| | - Nikolay Harbaliev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (P.S.)
| | - Lubomir Makedonski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Dragomira Buhalova
- Department of Nutrient and Catering, University of Food Technology, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Nadezhda Petkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technology, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Anna Gavrilova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
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Sanyal R, Pandey S, Nandi S, Mondal R, Samanta D, Mandal S, Manokari M, Mishra T, Dhama K, Pandey DK, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Biotechnology of Passiflora edulis: role of Agrobacterium and endophytic microbes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5651-5668. [PMID: 37505288 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of the genus Passiflora, belonging to the Passifloraceae family, are commonly called yellow and purple passion. These perennial woody climbers are found in the cooler regions at higher altitudes and in lowlands of tropical areas. The presence of alkaloids, terpenes, stilbenes, flavonoids, glycosides, carotenoids, etc. in different parts of the plant provides several pharmacological properties. Because of the various uses in foods and pharmaceuticals, in vitro propagation of this genus has been performed hugely and is of great interest to researchers. From different explants via direct organogenesis under controlled aseptic conditions, callus, root, shoot, and somatic embryos are induced successfully. Different PGRs are augmented in the media for the rapid multiplication or organogenesis, especially, the high ratio of cytokinin and auxin in the basal media efficiently regenerates the shoot and root respectively. The in vitro regenerated plantlets are then acclimatized and hardened properly before transferring to the field conditions. Thus, the present first of its kind review on P. edulis exclusively encompasses the wide applications of biotechnology for this species alongside its organogenesis, embryogenesis, cytology, and endophytic microbes with special emphasis on the role of genetic transformation studies mediated by Agrobacterium sp. KEY POINTS: • Critical assessment on in vitro biotechnology in P. edulis. • Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in P. edulis. • Role of endophytic microbes in P. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (West Bengal State University), Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata, 700056, West Bengal, India
| | - Sharmila Pandey
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (West Bengal State University), Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata, 700056, West Bengal, India
| | - Saheli Nandi
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (West Bengal State University), Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata, 700056, West Bengal, India
| | - Rintu Mondal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (West Bengal State University), Feeder Road, Belghoria, Kolkata, 700056, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, India
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Manokari
- Department of Botany, Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai, 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Lawspet, Puducherry, 605 008, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Zhang J, Tao S, Hou G, Zhao F, Meng Q, Tan S. Phytochemistry, nutritional composition, health benefits and future prospects of Passiflora: A review. Food Chem 2023; 428:136825. [PMID: 37441935 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora, also known as "passion fruit", is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It is not only eaten raw but is also widely used in processed foods. Various extracts, juices and isolated compounds show a wide range of health effects and biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and neuroprotective effects. In this review, we not only review the phytochemical properties of Passiflora but also highlight the potential of Passiflora for food applications and the use of all parts as a source of ingredients for medicines and cosmetics that promote health and well-being. This will provide theoretical support for the integrated use of such natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Shenpeng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Li GQ, Pan ZH, Ning DS, Fu YX, Li LC, Li HY. A New Phenylethanoid Glycoside from the Stems and Leaves of Passiflora edulis. Chem Nat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-023-03961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation stimulates the production of foliar secondary metabolites in Passiflora setacea DC. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1385-1393. [PMID: 35474509 PMCID: PMC9433482 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora setacea DC. growing is of interest to the herbal industries since in its leaves are produced secondary metabolites that confer antioxidant, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties in Passiflora. Therefore, it is important to search for sustainable alternatives that aim to enhance the production of these compounds to add value to the phytomass, such as the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the application of coconut coir dust, which has not been reported to P. setacea yet. The aim was to select the efficient combination of AMF and coconut coir dust to increase the compounds' production and optimize the antioxidant activity in P. setacea leaves. The P. setacea seedlings that were cultivated in substrates without coconut coir dust and colonized by Gigaspora albida N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm. produced more total saponins (1,707.43%), total tannins (469.98%), and total phenols (85.81%), in comparison to the non-mycorrhizal plants, in addition to enhancing the glomalin-related soil proteins. On the other hand, in general, the use of coir dust as a substrate has not been shown to increase the production of these bioactive compounds. It is concluded that the production of P. setacea seedlings using G. albida is an alternative to offer phytomass to the herbal medicines industry based on passion fruit.
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Zakhour R, El Jemly M, El Guourrami O, Nejjari R, Bouyahya A, Cherrah Y, Alaoui K. Preliminary phytochemical screening, acute toxicity and effect of Albuca amoena extracts on the central nervous system. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Albuca amoena is a Moroccan-Algerian endemic medicinal plant with various implications. The aim of this study is to identify phytochemical compounds of the plant, check its acute toxicity, and test its anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: The estimation of chemical compounds was carried out according to coloring and precipitation reactions. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 402 made it possible to verify the acute toxicity of the plant orally and dermally. The sedative activity was performed according to 4 tests: rotarod, hole-board, traction, and chimney tests. The anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects were evaluated by forced swimming, light/dark, and writhing tests, respectively. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that A. amoena contained a mixture of phytochemical compounds like terpenes, alkaloids, and polyphenols. According to the acute toxicity tests, the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) of A. amoena hydroalcoholic extract was between 300 and 2000 mg/kg orally and higher than 2000 mg/kg dermally. Moreover, the result of the behaviour tests of sedative and analgesic activities revealed that A. amoena hydroalcoholic extract exerted positive effects on the CNS. Conclusion: These results show the anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects of the bioactive substances present in A. amoena on the CNS and provide access to further investigations to highlight the main compounds of this plant and their mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaâ Zakhour
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Research Team ERTP.PAM, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem El Jemly
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Research Team ERTP.PAM, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Otman El Guourrami
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Nejjari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Research Team ERTP.PAM, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Katim Alaoui
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Research Team ERTP.PAM, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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de Araújo Esteves Duarte I, Milenkovic D, Borges TK, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Costa AM. Brazilian passion fruit as a new healthy food: from its composition to health properties and mechanisms of action. Food Funct 2021; 12:11106-11120. [PMID: 34651638 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the largest in the world, with about 41 000 species cataloged within two global biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah. Passiflora, known also as passion flowers, is a genus of which 96% of its species are distributed in the Americas, mainly Brazil and Colombia. Passion fruit extracts have a commercial value on a global scale through the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, self-care, and food and beverage industries. Passiflora are widely studied due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and vascular and neuronal protective effects, probably owing to their content of polyphenols. Passiflora setacea DC is a species of wild passion fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado, rich in flavonoid C-glycosides, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and orientin. Intake of these plant food bioactives has been associated with protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDCs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss the varieties of Passiflora, their content in plant food bioactives and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in preventing or reversing CNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tatiana Karla Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina DF 73.310-970, Brazil
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Metabolomics and Molecular Networking to Characterize the Chemical Space of Four Momordica Plant Species. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110763. [PMID: 34822421 PMCID: PMC8619687 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica plant species (Cucurbitaceae), have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and for nutritional purposes. Plants from this family are thus claimed to be phytochemically rich, representing an inexhaustible source of natural products. However, the chemical space of these Momordica species has not yet been fully decoded, and due to the inherent complexity of plant metabolomes, the characterization of the Momordica phytochemistry remains challenging. Thus, in this study we propose the use of molecular networking to unravel the molecular families within the metabolomes of four Momordica species (M. cardiospermoides, M. balsamina, M. charantia and M. foetida) and highlight the relevance of molecular networking in exploring the chemotaxonomy of these plants. In silico annotation tools (Network Annotation Propagation and DEREPLICATOR) and an unsupervised substructure identification tool (MS2LDA) were also explored to complement the classical molecular networking output and integration using MolNetEnhancer within GNPS. This allowed for the visualisation of chemical classes and the variety of substructures within the molecular families. The use of computational tools in this study highlighted various classes of metabolites, such as a wide range of flavonoids, terpenoids and lipids. Herein, these species are revealed to be phytochemically rich plants consisting of many biologically active metabolites differentially distributed within the different species, with the metabolome of M. cardiospermoides dereplicated in this paper for the first time.
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Urrego N, Sepúlveda P, Aragón M, Ramos FA, Costa GM, Ospina LF, Castellanos L. Flavonoids and saponins from Passiflora edulis f. edulis leaves (purple passion fruit) and its potential anti-inflammatory activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1530-1538. [PMID: 34436599 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract, fractions and major compounds, which are isolated and identified from Passiflora edulis f. edulis (purple passion fruit) leaves extract. METHODS For the isolation of the major compounds, reversed-phase chromatography and normal phase countercurrent chromatography were used. The separation was followed by thin layer chromatography and HPLC-DAD-ELSD. One-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and ESI-TOF-MS/MS were used for structural elucidation. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on a TPA multiple dose model of skin chronic inflammation in mice. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity assays were performed as possible mechanisms of action studies. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The study of the butanolic fraction mainly showed the presence of saponins and flavonoids. Three minor flavonoids were detected; and three known saponins, cyclopassiflosides IX, XI and III were isolated and identified. This is the first unequivocal report of the presence of these compounds in P. edulis f. edulis leaves. The most favourable results of anti-inflammatory activity were obtained for the flavonoid-rich fraction. All the fractions and isolated compounds evaluated, presented high percentages of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Urrego
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Sepúlveda
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Freddy A Ramos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Geison M Costa
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis F Ospina
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Castellanos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Bogotá, Colombia
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Santos JTDC, Petry FC, Tobaruela EDC, Mercadante AZ, Gloria MBA, Costa AM, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Brazilian native passion fruit (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) is a rich source of proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, and dietary fiber. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110521. [PMID: 34399499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora tenuifila is a Brazilian native passion fruit consumed by the local population and is a dietary source of bioactive compounds with potential biological activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of P. tenuifila fruit and its bioactive compounds at two ripening stages. Three batches of fruit were collected at mature-green and ripe stages, and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and polyamines were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. The fruit is a good source of dietary fiber. Proanthocyanidin dimers are the major phenolic compounds (up to 84%) at both stages, followed by the C-glycosylated luteolin. Lutein and β-carotene are the major carotenoids, contributing up to 50% of total carotenoids. The OPLS-DA segregates the mature-green and ripe fruits, as carotenoids are responsible for this separation. In conclusion, passion fruit can be consumed at both stages of maturation without losses of bioactive compound contents or nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Thiago do Carmo Santos
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Cristina Petry
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Abreu Gloria
- Food Biochemistry (LBqA) & Quality Control Laboratory (LCC) Laboratories, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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He X, Luan F, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Fang J, Wang M, Zuo M, Li Y. Passiflora edulis: An Insight Into Current Researches on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 32508631 PMCID: PMC7251050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora edulis, also known as passion fruit, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and becomes popular because of balanced nutrition and health benefits. Currently, more than 110 phytochemical constituents have been found and identified from the different plant parts of P. edulis in which flavonoids and triterpenoids held the biggest share. Various extracts, fruit juice and isolated compounds showed a wide range of health effects and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic activities, and so forth. Daily consumption of passion fruit at common doses is non-toxic and safe. P. edulis has great potential development and the vast future application for this economically important crop worldwide, and it is in great demand as a fresh product or a formula for food, health care products or medicines. This mini-review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on physiochemical features, nutritional benefits, biological activities, toxicity, and potential applications of leaves, stems, fruits, and peels of P. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Manhua Zuo
- Department of Nursing, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Alves JSF, Silva AMDS, da Silva RM, Tiago PRF, de Carvalho TG, de Araújo Júnior RF, de Azevedo EP, Lopes NP, Ferreira LDS, Gavioli EC, da Silva-Júnior AA, Zucolotto SM. In Vivo Antidepressant Effect of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa into Cationic Nanoparticles: Improving Bioactivity and Safety. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E383. [PMID: 32326277 PMCID: PMC7238140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neuroactive flavonoids can be found in the species of the Passiflora genus; however, their difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier limits their in vivo neuropharmacological activity. In this study, cationic nanoparticles were developed as a novel nanocarrier for improving the antidepressant activity of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa leaf extract. Formulations obtained using Eudragit E PO polymethylmethacrylate copolymer, as polymeric matrix had their physicochemical properties investigated. The analytical content of the flavonoids vicenin-2, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin was determined in the plant extract. Small-sized and spherical nanoparticles loaded with Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa were obtained with positive zeta potential and high encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the nanosystems were shown to be stable for at least 6 months. The antidepressant activity of P. edulis extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) as well as the extract-loaded nanoparticles (5 mg/kg) were investigated in mice using the forced swimming test, where the latter increased the potency of the former by 10-fold. In addition, histopathological and biochemical analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the extract-loaded nanoparticles. This study demonstrated that the Eudragit cationic nanoparticles were able to improve the antidepressant activity of P. edulis in the central nervous system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.012-570, Brazil;
| | - Alaine Maria dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biotechnology (TecBioFar), Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.012-570, Brazil (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- Nucleus Research in Natural and Synthetic Products (NPPNS), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14.040-903, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (N.P.L.)
| | - Pamella Rebeca Fernandes Tiago
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.078-970, Brazil; (P.R.F.T.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Thais Gomes de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Departament of Morfology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.078-970, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Departament of Morfology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.078-970, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities—Universidade Potiguar (UnP), Natal 59.056-000, Brazil;
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Nucleus Research in Natural and Synthetic Products (NPPNS), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14.040-903, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (N.P.L.)
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Medications (LCQMed), Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.012-570, Brazil;
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.078-970, Brazil; (P.R.F.T.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biotechnology (TecBioFar), Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.012-570, Brazil (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59.012-570, Brazil;
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Duarte IDAE, Milenkovic D, Borges TKDS, Rosa AJDM, Morand C, de Oliveira LDL, Costa AM. Acute Effects of the Consumption of Passiflora setacea Juice on Metabolic Risk Factors and Gene Expression Profile in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041104. [PMID: 32316129 PMCID: PMC7231153 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Passiflora setacea (PS) is a passionfruit variety of the Brazilian savannah and is a rich source of plant food bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute intake of PS juice upon inflammation, metabolic parameters, and gene expression on circulating immune cells in humans. Methods: Overweight male volunteers (n = 12) were enrolled in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Blood samples were collected from fasting volunteers 3 h after the consumption of 250 mL of PS juice or placebo (PB). Metabolic parameters (insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total triglycerides) and circulating cytokines were evaluated (study 1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from the same subjects were isolated and RNA was extracted for transcriptomic analyses using microarrays (study 2). Results: Insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased statistically after the PS juice intake, whereas HDL level increased significantly. Interleukin (IL)-17A level increased after placebo consumption, whereas its level remained unchanged after PS juice consumption. Nutrigenomic analyses revealed 1327 differentially expressed genes after PS consumption, with modulated genes involved in processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, or cytokine–cytokine receptor. Conclusion: Taken together, these clinical results support the hypothesis that PS consumption may help the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-99996-8004
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.M.); (C.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina DF 73.310-970, Brazil; (A.J.d.M.R.); (A.M.C.)
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Involvement of Isoorientin in the Antidepressant Bioactivity of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Garlic passion fruit (Passiflora tenuifila Killip): Assessment of eventual acute toxicity, anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects using in vivo assays. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108813. [PMID: 31955772 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several Passiflora species are known for their sedative and anxiolytic properties. However, the functional properties of Passiflora tenuifila Killip are still unexplored. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenolic composition and acute toxicity, anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects using in vivo assays. The whole fruit (peel, pulp, and seed) was lyophilized and used for all assays. LC-MS showed 19 phenolic compounds, tentatively identified as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Acute treatment with single doses of up to 2000 mg kg-1 in Wistar rats showed no signs of mortality or toxicity over 14 days. The assay of functional effects was performed with Swiss mice, four groups, received by gavage, doses of P. tenuifila (200 or 400 mg kg-1 body weight), water, and diazepam (as negative and positive control), and behavior tests were performed after 60 min of the treatments. The animals treated with P. tenuifila fruit showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity, indicating a sedative and anxiolytic activity. No significant changes were observed in the rotarod apparatus, suggesting that the P. tenuifila fruit did not cause muscle relaxation. The 400 mg kg-1 dose of P. tenuifila exerted a protective effect against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, decreasing the severity and not causing the death of the animals. In conclusion, P. tenuifila showed no acute toxicity and had a promising effect as an anxiolytic agent, hypnotic-sedative and anticonvulsant, which could be related to its composition of flavonoids and phenolic acids.
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Silva ICVD, Oliveira PFD, Barbosa GM, Wessjohann LA, Cardozo-Filho L, Holandino C, Muzitano MF, Leal ICR. Passiflora mucronata leaves extracts obtained from different methodologies: a phytochemical study based on cytotoxic and apoptosis activities of triterpenes and phytosterols constituents. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000417666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ayres ASFSJ, Santos WB, Junqueira-Ayres DD, Costa GM, Ramos FA, Castellanos L, Alves JSF, Asth L, Medeiros IUD, Zucolotto SM, Gavioli EC. Monoaminergic neurotransmission is mediating the antidepressant-like effects of Passiflora edulis Sims fo. edulis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:79-85. [PMID: 28893593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Passiflora is popularly used to treat anxiety. Recent studies showed antidepressant-like effects of two varieties of P. edulis (edulis and flavicarpa) in mice. However, the mechanisms of antidepressant actions are still unknown. Here, the effects of P. edulis fo. edulis aqueous extract (AE, 100-300mg/kg, po), and ethyl acetate (AcOEt, 25-50mg/kg, po), butanol (BuOH, 25-50mg/kg, po) and residual aqueous (25-100mg/kg, po) fractions were investigated in the mouse forced swimming test. In addition, the involvement of monoamines in the P. edulis fractions-induced antidepressant actions was approached. HPLC analyses showed that AcOEt and BuOH, but not residual, fractions shared with AE the main peaks between 25 and 70min (UV 340nm), which are suggestive of flavonoids. Nortriptyline and fluoxetine reduced the immobility time and similar results were observed for AE, AcOEt and BuOH but not residual fractions. PCPA (inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis), AMPT (inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis) and sulpiride (selective D2 receptor antagonist), but not DSP-4 (noradrenergic neurotoxin), blocked the antidepressant actions of AcOEt and BuOH. In conclusion, AcOEt and BuOH fractions shared with AE similar phytochemical composition and antidepressant actions. Preserved 5-HT and dopamine transmissions were required for the antidepressant effects of P. edulis fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S F S J Ayres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Wilton B Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Décio D Junqueira-Ayres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Geison M Costa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Freddy A Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Castellanos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jovelina S F Alves
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Iris U de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Comportamental, Dept. de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Abstract
Covering: 2013. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2015, 29, 1028-1065This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2013 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 350 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Gomes SV, Portugal LA, dos Anjos JP, de Jesus ON, de Oliveira EJ, David JP, David JM. Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds exploiting a Box-Behnken design and quantification of five flavonoids by HPLC-DAD in Passiflora species. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The past decade findings related with nutritional composition, bioactive molecules and biotechnological applications of Passiflora spp. (passion fruit). Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xu FQ, Wang N, Fan WW, Zi CT, Zhao HS, Hu JM, Zhou J. Protective effects of cycloartane triterpenoides from Passiflora edulis Sims against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cell. Fitoterapia 2016; 115:122-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of bark flour of Passiflora edulis on food intake, body weight and behavioral response of rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Elkhayat ES, Alorainy MS, El-Ashmawy IM, Fat’hi S. Potential Antidepressant Constituents of Nigella sativa Seeds. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S27-31. [PMID: 27041854 PMCID: PMC4791995 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigella sativa Linn. is well known seed in the Middle East, Asia, and the Far East as a natural remedy for many ailments and as a flavoring agent proclaimed medicinal usage dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. An authentic saying of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) about black seed is also quoted in Al-Bukhari. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate the antidepressant effect and isolate the potential antidepressant constituents of the polar extract of N. sativa seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant effect was evaluated through the immobility duration in tail suspension and forced swim tests (FSTs). Albino mice were orally treated with N. sativa polar extract and its RP-18 column chromatography fractions (50 and 100 mg/kg,). RESULTS The polar extract and two of its sub-fractions were significantly able to decrease the immobility time of mice when subjected to both tail suspension and FSTs, the effects are comparable to standard drug (Sertraline, 5 mg/kg). However, these treatments did not affect the number of crossings and rearing in the open field test. Phytochemical investigation of the two active fractions led to the isolation of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 1, quercetin-7-O-β-D-gluco- pyranoside 2, tauroside E 3, and sapindoside B as the potential antidepressant constituents. SUMMARY Phytochemical and biological evaluation the antidepressant constituents in Nigella sativa using the tail suspension and forced swim methods afforded the isolation and identification of quercetin-3-O-α-L rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-β-D gluco pyranoside, tauroside E, and sapindoside B as the potential antidepressant constituents in the polar extract of N. sativa. The isolated compounds were identified through extensive NMR analysis (1D, 2D, ESI MS). Abbreviations used: TST: Tail suspension test, FST: Forced swim test, OFT: An Open field test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab S. Elkhayat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S. Alorainy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, AL-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, AL-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Fat’hi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Ayres AS, de Araújo LL, Soares TC, Costa GM, Reginatto FH, Ramos FA, Castellanos L, Schenkel EP, Soares-Rachetti VP, Zucolotto SM, Gavioli EC. Comparative central effects of the aqueous leaf extract of two populations of Passiflora edulis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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