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Zhen Z, Xia L, You H, Jingwei Z, Shasha Y, Xinyi W, Wenjing L, Xin Z, Chaomei F. An Integrated Gut Microbiota and Network Pharmacology Study on Fuzi-Lizhong Pill for Treating Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746923. [PMID: 34916934 PMCID: PMC8670173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is one of the most common chronic functional gastrointestinal diseases with limited treatments. Gut microbiota play an important role in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Spleen-Yang deficiency (SYD) is one of the root causes of IBS-D. Fuzi-Lizhong pill (FLZP) is well known for its powerful capacity for treating SYD and has a good clinical effect on IBS-D. However, the mechanism of FLZP on the gut microbiota of IBS-D has not been fully clarified. Our present study aimed to reveal the mechanism of FLZP regulating gut microbiota of IBS-D. The body mass, CCK, MTL, and Bristol fecal character score were used to verify the establishment of the IBS-D model. IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were crucial targets screened by network pharmacology and preliminarily verified by ELISA. Eighteen gut microbiota were important for the treatment of IBS-D with FLZP. Bacteroidetes, Blautia, Turicibacter, and Ruminococcus_torques_group were the crucial gut microbiota that FLZP inhibits persistent systemic inflammation in the IBS-D model. Lactobacillus is the crucial gut microbiota that FLZP renovates intestinal immune barrier in the IBS-D model. In summary, FLZP can affect bacterial diversity and community structures in the host and regulate inflammation and immune system to treat IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Sichuan New Green Medicine Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, China
| | - Lin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huang You
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Jingwei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shasha
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xinyi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lai Wenjing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Chaomei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Z, Yang S, Lin X, Huang Y, Wei X, Zhou J, Li R, Deng B, Fu C. Metabolomics of Spleen-Yang deficiency syndrome and the therapeutic effect of Fuzi Lizhong pill on regulating endogenous metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114281. [PMID: 34087403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spleen-Yang deficiency (SYD) is one of the primary causes of many digestive diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but its endogenous metabolic characteristics are still unclear. Fuzi Lizhong pill (FLZP) is well-known for its powerful capacity for treating SYD; however, its mechanisms require further study. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, our present study aimed to investigate the essence of SYD from the perspective of metabolomics, and tried to reveal the anti-SYD action mechanisms of FLZP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the compound factor modeling method with the principle of "indiscipline in diet + excessive fatigue + intragastric administration of Senna water extracts" was used to establish Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as SYD model. Then, the visceral index, motilin (MTL), malonaldehyde (MDA), Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were used to verify the anti-SYD effect of FLZP. In addition, serum samples were analyzed by UPLC-QE/MS metabolomics technique. Finally, the metabolic pathways associated with specific biomarkers were analyzed to research the possible mechanism underlying the action of FLZP. RESULTS The expression of MTL, MDA, IL-1α, and IL-6 were regulated by FLZP, which suggested that it has relieved diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility disorder caused by SYD and had an anti-peroxidation, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation effect. A total of 75 metabolites were found to be the potential biomarkers of SYD. Moreover, FLZP regulates 21 metabolites and 10 vital pathways including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sphingolipid metabolism, and histidine metabolism. CONCLUSION SYD primarily causes disorders of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide metabolism, and translation. In addition, FLZP regulated carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, gastrointestinal motility, digestive juice secretion, immune regulation, as well as antioxidant effects. Hence, FLZP had a good therapeutic effect on treatment of SYD. It might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of SYD-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Sichuan New Green Medicine Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 610031, China.
| | - Shasha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Chengdu Di'ao Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Lin X, Yang J, Wu C. Assessment of reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its processed products in male mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114102. [PMID: 33831471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Chinese name: Fuzi), the root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is a representative medicine for restoring yang and rescuing patient from collapse. However, less studies had been reported on the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Fuzi. According to the principle of reducing toxicity and preserving efficiency, only processed products of Fuzi are commonly applied in clinic, including Baifupian, Heishunpian and Danfupian. However, whether processing could alleviate the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Fuzi had not been revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effect and possible mechanism of Fuzi and its processed products on reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts of Fuzi and its processed products (Baifupian, Heishunpian and Danfupian, 5.85 g/kg) were administrated by gavage once daily for fourteen consecutive days. The reproductive toxicity was evaluated by testis weight, testis ratio, testis histopathology, sperm count, sperm viability rate and sperm deformity rate. The genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay and micronucleus test in sperm, peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell. Possible mechanisms of attenuating toxicity by processing were analyzed by detecting the level of testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT). RESULTS Fuzi significantly caused different degrees of reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity, specifically reducing the weight and testicular coefficient of testis, causing obvious pathological changes in testicular tissue, reducing sperm count and sperm viability rate, increasing sperm deformity rate and DNA damage in sperm/peripheral blood cells/bone marrow cells. Moreover, Fuzi decreased the level of testosterone, SOD, GSH and CAT, while increased the level of MDA in serum. Notably, the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity induced by the processed products, especially Heishunpian and Danfupian, were significantly lowered compared to Fuzi. Processing could increase the level of testosterone, SOD, GSH, CAT and decrease the level of MDA compared to Fuzi. CONCLUSION Fuzi and its processed products had reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity, but the toxicity of processed products was significantly weakened compared to Fuzi. The protective mechanism of processing to reduce the toxicity of Fuzi might be related to increasing the level of testosterone and decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yeshu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Jiang M, Wei X, Shi J, Geng Z, Yang S, Fu C, Guo L. Rapid discovery of chemical constituents and absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of Fuzi-Lizhong pill based on high-throughput HPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Chin Med 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30867675 PMCID: PMC6397459 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi-Lizhong pill (FZLZP), which was first recorded in the Classic-"Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang" of the Song Dynasty, has been widely used to treat gastrointestinal disease in clinic for thousands of years in China. However, an in-depth understanding of the chemical constituents of FZLZP and its potential bioactive constituents is lacking. METHODS A simple, sensitive and selective method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and automated data analysis (Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis B.06.00 Workstation Software) was developed to simultaneously identify the chemical constituents of FZLZP and the absorbed prototypes as well as the metabolites in rat serum after the oral administration of FZLZP. RESULTS Sixty-seven compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, gingerols, phenylpropanoids and volatile oil, in the FZLZP extract were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data and retrieving the reference literatures. Additionally, 23 prototype compounds and 3 metabolites in the rat serum samples were identified after oral administration of FZLZP, which might be the potential active components in vivo. In addition, the absorption of alkaloids decreased when Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. was in the form of combined application as a prescription compared to when it was in the form of herb powder. CONCLUSIONS Herein, the chemical constituent in vitro and the absorbed compounds in the serum of a traditional Chinese formula, Fuzi-Lizhong pill, were fully characterized using a rapid and comprehensive analysis approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software data processing approach. The results provide helpful chemical information on FZLZP for further pharmacology and active mechanism research. In view of the bioactive constitutes that basically were derived from these absorbed compounds in vivo, this work could provide a useful strategy to explore the bioactive substances of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Zhao Geng
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Shasha Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Li Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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Dong YZ, Liu ZL, Liu YY, Song ZQ, Guo N, Wang C, Ning ZC, Ma XL, Lu AP. Quality Control of the Fuzi Lizhong Pill Through Simultaneous Determination of 16 Major Bioactive Constituents by RRLC–MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:541-554. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-zhuo Dong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-li Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-yan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-qian Song
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-chi Ning
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ling Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-ping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ngernsoungnern A, Ngernsoungnern P. Localization of ghrelin-like peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and changing of its concentration during fasting. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:244-51. [PMID: 26850996 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an endogenous hormone detected in the gastrointestinal tracts (GI) of various species. In the present study, ghrelin-like peptide (ghrelin-LP) was identified in the GI tract of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. Using immunohistochemistry, the result revealed an immunoreactivity (-ir) of ghrelin-LP in regions of the GI tract. The ghrelin-LP-ir was observed in both opened-type and closed-type cells of the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. The highest density of ghrelin-LP immunoreactive cells was found in the esophagus and the least density was detected in the stomach. The highest percentages of the opened-type and closed-type cells were present in the esophagus and small intestine, respectively. In immunoblotting, the molecular weight of ghrelin-LP was related to the human ghrelin peptide (∼13kDa). Moreover, the concentration of ghrelin-LP was significantly higher in snails that were fasted for 24h compared with fed snails. The concentration decreased after refeeding. The present study could be useful for understanding the physiological role of ghrelin-LP in mollusk species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichart Ngernsoungnern
- School of Anatomy, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyada Ngernsoungnern
- School of Anatomy, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Ferro P, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, Bosch J, Farré M, Segura J. Fit-for-Purpose Radio Receptor Assay for the Determination of Growth Hormone Secretagogues in Urine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:1268-76. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057115594590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The everlasting pharmacological development is continuously producing new substances with potential doping abuse. Among these, secretagogues are very prone to misuse by athletes for their properties to release growth hormone (GH) and some limitations in the actual analytical methods to detect them. In this paper, an in-depth study on the key variables of the radio receptor method previously developed by our group is performed and a fit-for-purpose protocol is established. Thus, this sensitive and robust screening method is proposed as an intelligent and preventive antidoping method to detect new growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) in exceptional suspicious urine samples obtained from athletes and will support the current detection methods based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ferro
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Gutiérrez-Gallego
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
- Anapharm Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Bosch
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Bellaterra), Spain
| | - J. Segura
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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