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Noor F, Tahir ul Qamar M, Ashfaq UA, Albutti A, Alwashmi ASS, Aljasir MA. Network Pharmacology Approach for Medicinal Plants: Review and Assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:572. [PMID: 35631398 PMCID: PMC9143318 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have played a critical role in medicine due to their ability to bind and modulate cellular targets involved in disease. Medicinal plants hold a variety of bioactive scaffolds for the treatment of multiple disorders. The less adverse effects, affordability, and easy accessibility highlight their potential in traditional remedies. Identifying pharmacological targets from active ingredients of medicinal plants has become a hot topic for biomedical research to generate innovative therapies. By developing an unprecedented opportunity for the systematic investigation of traditional medicines, network pharmacology is evolving as a systematic paradigm and becoming a frontier research field of drug discovery and development. The advancement of network pharmacology has opened up new avenues for understanding the complex bioactive components found in various medicinal plants. This study is attributed to a comprehensive summary of network pharmacology based on current research, highlighting various active ingredients, related techniques/tools/databases, and drug discovery and development applications. Moreover, this study would serve as a protocol for discovering novel compounds to explore the full range of biological potential of traditionally used plants. We have attempted to cover this vast topic in the review form. We hope it will serve as a significant pioneer for researchers working with medicinal plants by employing network pharmacology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.N.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Aqel Albutti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.S.A.); (M.A.A.)
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Wang Z, Liu P, Hu M, Lu S, Lyu Z, Kou Y, Sun Y, Zhao X, Liu F, Tian J. Naoxintong restores ischemia injury and inhibits thrombosis via COX2-VEGF/ NFκB signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113809. [PMID: 33444716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naoxintong (NXT) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation that is often used in combination with aspirin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). One of the main symptoms of CVD is hypoxic-ischemia (HI). The purpose of this study is to find out the molecular nodes targeted by NXT and its related molecular pathways in vascular repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, human vein umbilical endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were utilized to set up the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and treated with NXT. Cell proliferation, damage and apoptosis were detected by MTT, LDH, and flow cytometry assays. Second, transcriptional responses of OGD/R cells to NXT treatment were investigated. qRT-PCR, western blotting and inhibitor assays were performed. Third, the anti-thrombotic effect of NXT was evaluated by the zebrafish thrombosis model. Morphological observation, histological staining and qRT-PCR assays were implemented on zebrafish model to further observe in vivo the therapeutic effects of NXT on ischemia and thrombosis. RESULTS In OGD/R EA.hy926 cells, NXT treatment could reduce ischemic vascular injury, increase cell viability and decrease the proportion of apoptosis. Through RNA-seq analysis, 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened with 110 up-regulated genes and 73 down-regulated genes between OGD/R and OGD/R + NXT treated EA.hy926 cells. VEGF and NFκB pathways were enriched. Among these genes, COX2 was identified as one of important targets via which NXT could restore vascular injury. COX2 inhibitor (NS-398), and aspirin, a drug that prevents the development of CVD by targeting COX2, exhibited similar effects to NXT in the treatment of OGD/R EA.hy926 cells. In zebrafish thrombosis model, NXT could attenuate tail venous thrombus and recover the quantity of heart red blood cells. Furthermore, NXT could prevent the formulation of thrombosis and eliminate inflammation in zebrafish by COX2-VEGF/NFκB signaling. CONCLUSION Our studies implicated that NXT could restore HI injury and inhibit thrombosis through COX2-VEGF/NFκB signaling, which is consistent with the molecular target of aspirin. This finding might explain the principle of NXT combined with aspirin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Peirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shuxian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhaojie Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China; Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commence, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Chen J, Liang ZQ, Hu C, Gao Y, Wang YK, Yang JW, Zhao C, Cao YM, Cao YB. Protection against peripheral artery disease injury by Ruan Jian Qing Mai formula via metabolic programming. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 68:366-380. [PMID: 32374895 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruan Jian Qing Mai formula (RJQM), a multicomponent herbal formula, has been widely used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in China. However, its active compounds and mechanisms of action are still unknown. First, RNA sequencing analysis of 15 healthy and 16 PAD samples showed that 524 PAD differential genes were significantly enriched in Go Ontology (ribonucleotide metabolic process, oxidoreductase complex, and electron transfer activity), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GSEA pathways (OXPHOS and TCA cycle), miRNA (MIR183), and kinase (PAK6). Fifty-three active ingredients in RJQM had similar structures to the seven drug molecules in CLUE. Then, network topology analysis of the 53 components-target-pathway-disease network yielded 10 active ingredients. Finally, computational toxicity estimations showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of the 10 active ingredients was above 1000 mg/kg, and eight of them did not cause hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, and immunotoxicity nor activate 12 toxic pathways. In conclusion, RJQM has a protection effect on PAD by regulating a complex molecular network. Part of the mechanism is associated with the regulation of OXPHOS by 10 active components, which may alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and pathological metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Hu
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Traditional Chinese Recovery and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Kui Wang
- The Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Yang
- Mental Health Center, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
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Bu L, Dai O, Zhou F, Liu F, Chen JF, Peng C, Xiong L. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas, extracts, and compounds promote angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110855. [PMID: 33059257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy is a wide-ranging approach to fighting ischemic diseases. However, compared with anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors, less attention has been paid to therapeutic angiogenesis. Recently, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing interest for its definite curative effect and low toxicity. A growing number of studies have reported that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines exert pro-angiogenic activity, which has been confirmed in a few clinical trials. For comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, global and local databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched using keywords such as "angiogenesis," "neovascularization," "traditional Chinese medicine," "formula," "extract," and "compound." Articles were chosen that are closely and directly related to pro-angiogenesis. This review summarizes the pro-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds; it delivers an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TCM and pro-angiogenesis and will provide new ideas for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ou Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Gündoğdu B, Tapisiz ÖL, Dilbaz B, Mülazimoğlu SB, Müftüoğlu KH, Dündar B, Göktolga Ü. What is the impact of PPAR-γ agonist-rosiglitazone on ovarian reserve after hysterectomy? An experimental study. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1399-1408. [PMID: 32394682 PMCID: PMC7491268 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2002-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To evaluate the effects of hysterectomy on rat ovaries and the possible protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist-rosiglitazone against ovarian reserve decrement. Materials and methods Forty-five adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Hysterectomy was performed (n = 15) in group 1 [H]; 1 mg/kg/day PPAR-γ agonist/rosiglitazone was used for 50 days after hysterectomy (n = 15) in group 2 [H + R]; a sham operation was performed (n = 15) in group 3 [control, C]. Blood samples were collected for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) evaluation in all groups and simultaneous ovarian Doppler examination was performed in [H] and [H + R] groups before and after (50 days) hysterectomy. All animals were sacrificed to obtain ovaries for histological examination. Results AMH levels were found to be significantly decreased at postoperative day 50 in all groups (P < 0.05). Histopathologic analysis showed that primary, preantral, and antral follicle counts were significantly higher in the [H] group as compared to the [C] and [H + R] groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the [C] and [H + R] groups in terms of follicle numbers (P > 0.05). In the ovarian Doppler blood flow analysis, all parameters were significantly decreased in group [H] (P < 0.05), but not in the [H + R] group (P > 0.05) on postoperative day 50. Conclusion Hysterectomy affects the histopathological structure of rat ovaries and PPAR-γ agonist-rosiglitazone improves the ovarian Doppler blood flow parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gündoğdu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Lütfi Tapisiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Dilbaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Bariş Mülazimoğlu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Hakan Müftüoğlu
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Dündar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümit Göktolga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPARs and Angiogenesis-Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165723. [PMID: 32785018 PMCID: PMC7461101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors. The PPAR family consists of three subtypes encoded by three separate genes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs are critical regulators of metabolism and exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Specific PPAR ligands have been proposed as potential therapies for a variety of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurogenerative disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endometriosis, and retinopathies. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in angiogenesis, a complex process that plays important roles in numerous pathological conditions for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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Huang PC, Shibu MA, Kuo CH, Han CK, Chen YS, Lo FY, Li H, Viswanadha VP, Lai CH, Li X, Huang CY. Pheretima aspergillum extract attenuates high-KCl-induced mitochondrial injury and pro-fibrotic events in cardiomyoblast cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:921-927. [PMID: 31066208 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is often associated with cardiac dysfunction. In this study an earthworm extract (dilong) was prepared from dried Pheretima aspergillum powder and its effect against high-KCl challenge was determined in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. H9c2 cells pre-treated with dilong (31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/mL) for 24 hours, where challenged with different doses of KCl treatment for 3 hours to determine the protective mechanisms of dilong against cardiac fibrosis. High-KCl administration induced mitochondrial injury and elevated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. The mediators of fibrosis such as ERK, uPA, SP1, and CTGF were also found to be upregulated in high-KCl condition. However, dilong treatment enhanced IGF1R/PI3k/Akt activation which is associated with cell survival. In addition, dilong also reversed high-KCl induced cardiac fibrosis related events in H9c2 cells and displayed a strong cardio-protective effect. Therefore, dilong is a potential agent to overcome cardiac events associated with high-KCl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kuo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yueh Lo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xudong Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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