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Xie Y, Xu H, Gu Z. Ge-gen decoction alleviates primary dysmenorrhoea symptoms in a rat model. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2337691. [PMID: 38594870 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2337691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea (PD), such as NSAIDs, impart side effects. Ge-Gen decoction (GGD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promise in treating PD, but its exact mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of GGD in alleviating PD using a rat model to understand its precise mechanism of action. METHODS We established a rat model of dysmenorrhoea induced by oestradiol and oxytocin. The PD rats were administered GGD or Ibuprofen (positive control) intragastrically once daily for seven consecutive days. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), β-endorphin (β-EP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in uterine tissue were measured using immunohistochemical assays, and those of phosphorylated and total extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were assessed using western blot analysis. RESULTS Treatment with GGD significantly reduced writhing behaviour, histopathological scores, and levels of COX-2, PGE2, and PGF2α in the serum of PD rats. Additionally, GGD increased β-EP content and inhibited ERK1/2 activation and ERα expression in uterine tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that GGD alleviates PD in rats by suppressing the COX-2-mediated release of PGE2 and PGF2α, modulating the ERα/ERK1/2/COX-2 pathway, and increasing β-EP content. These results provide insights into the potential mechanisms of GGD in treating PD and support its further investigation as an alternative therapy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xie
- Department of Gynaecology, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijuan Gu
- Department of Gynaecology, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
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Lee HG, Jeong H, Kwon CY, Kim KH, Sung SH, Han JE, Park M, Jang S. Adverse events of herbal decoction: A systematic review and meta-analysis over past 10 years. Complement Ther Med 2024; 83:103057. [PMID: 38830449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal decoctions (HDs) are the oldest and most common herbal medicine formulations. Different HDs exist, and some consumers are concerned that they may become contaminated during manufacturing. Therefore, the need for a safety assessment of HDs has been raised. This study aimed to investigate the adverse events (AEs) associated with HDs by comprehensively analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using systematic reviews and meta-analyses. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles published up to November 2022. The included RCTs compared HDs with other treatments published between 2013 and 2022, and the risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4. Meta-analyses of the number of AEs associated with HDs reported in the included RCTs were also performed. RESULTS The systematic review included 26 RCTs, and the meta-analysis included 17 RCTs that reported AEs. The meta-analysis comparing HDs with active controls showed that both the number of AEs (14 studies; risk ratio (RR)= 0.50 cases, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.29, 0.88]; I2 = 42 %) and the number of patients who complained of AEs (seven studies; RR=0.51 patients, 95 % CI [0.28, 0.94]; I2 =9 %) were fewer in the HDs group than in the active control groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that HDs are safer than other conventional medications based on the results of qualitative and quantitative syntheses of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyul Lee
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Han
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Park
- Department of Public Health and Administration, Seoul Digital University, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
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He Q, Wan S, Jiang M, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wu M, Lin J, Zou L, Hu Y. Exploring the therapeutic potential of tonic Chinese herbal medicine for gynecological disorders: An updated review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118144. [PMID: 38583732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gynecological disorders have the characteristics of high incidence and recurrence rate, which sorely affects female's health. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially tonic medicine (TM), has been used to deal with gynecological disorders and has unique advantages in effectiveness and safety. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this article, we aim to summarize the research progress of TMs in-vivo and in-vitro, including their formulas, single herbs, and compounds, for gynecological disorders treatment in recent years, and to offer a reference for further research on the treatment of gynecological disorders and their clinical application in the treatment of TMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on the therapeutic potential of TMs against gynecological disorders was collected from several scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar and other literature sources. RESULTS So far, there are 46 different formulas, 3 single herbs, and 24 compounds used in the treatment of various gynecological disorders such as premature ovarian failure, endometriosis breast cancer, and so on. Many experimental results have shown that TMs can regulate apoptosis, invasion, migration, oxidative stress, and the immune system. In addition, the effect of TMs in gynecological disorders treatment may be due to the regulation of VEGF, PI3K-AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and other signaling pathways. Apparently, TMs play an active role in the treatment of gynecological disorders by regulating these signaling pathways. CONCLUSION TMs have a curative effect on the prevention and treatment of gynecological disorders. It could relieve and treat gynecological disorders through a variety of pathways. Therefore, the appropriate TM treatment program makes it more possible to treat gynecological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Wan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingfan Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
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Hu Q, Zeng J, Zhang X, He T, Zhang A, Li J, Wei S, Jing M, Li H, Wang X, Chang L, Ma X, Zhao Y. Metabolomics Profiles Reveal the Efficacy of Wuzhuyu Decoction on Patients with Chronic Non-Atrophic Gastritis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3269-3280. [PMID: 37954485 PMCID: PMC10638898 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s428783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) is a common clinical gastrointestinal disease with a long and recurrent course. In China, Wuzhuyu decoction (WZYD) has been used for centuries to treat gastrointestinal disorders. To unravel the efficacy and mechanism of WZYD for CNAG, a clinical study was conducted. And metabolomics was used to explore the mechanism of WZYD for CNAG patients. Methods Twenty patients in total were recruited in this study (Nos. ChiCTR2200062296) and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee (Approval number: KY-2022-2-6-1) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The formula granule of WZYD were assessed by UHPLC-QQQ-TOF to discern the main potential active compounds. The endoscopy evaluation and histopathological changes were detected as effective indicators. Serum samples from patients were used for metabolomics. Inflammatory factors in patients' serum were determined by ELISA. Metabolomics revealed a series of differential metabolites and signaling pathways. Results WZYD was capable to prevent CNAG by ameliorating score of endoscopy evaluation including erosion, hemorrhage, as well as chronic inflammation and active chronic inflammation score after treatment were decreased. The results indicated that 10 core metabolic components were associated with the treatment of WZYD. Moreover, these metabolic components proved that pyrimidine metabolism and thiamine metabolism were critically responsible for CNAG. In addition, WZYD treatment effectively reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and COX-2. Conclusion Altogether, WZYD can effectively alleviate CNAG by inhibiting inflammation and regulating related metabolic processes, which might be the molecular mechanism of WZYD treatment of CNAG. More studies are warranted to be conducted in this area. Trial Registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2200062296. Registered 1 August 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/com/25/showprojen.aspx?proj=174027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aozhe Zhang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Dong Y, Li MJ, Hong YZ, Li WJ. Insight into Dysmenorrhea Research from 1992 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2023; 16:3591-3611. [PMID: 37915864 PMCID: PMC10617534 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s430233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea, classified as primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea, is a common gynecological symptom that seriously affects female daily life. At present, studies on dysmenorrhea are numerous and complex. To better reflect the trend and innovative progress of dysmenorrhea-related research, this study screened papers on the Web of Science from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2022. A total of 1012 papers were selected and analyzed for their affiliated countries, institutions, authors, keywords, etc. China is the country with the most academic output, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the most influential institution, and Yang Jie, from Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, is the scholar with the most papers. We consider that the current research focus is on pathogenesis, treatment, epidemiology, and self-management. With increasing research on functional connectivity between dysmenorrhea and various brain regions, functional connectivity has gradually become the forefront of research. We hope our study can promote the further study of dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Dong
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jing Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhu Hong
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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An F, Wang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang J, Gao P, Yan C. Research progress on the role of lncRNA-miRNA networks in regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210627. [PMID: 37645421 PMCID: PMC10461560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a decrease in osteoblasts and an increase in adipocytes in the bone marrow compartment, alongside abnormal bone/fat differentiation, which ultimately results in imbalanced bone homeostasis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes to maintain bone homeostasis. Several studies have shown that lncRNAs are competitive endogenous RNAs that form a lncRNA-miRNA network by targeting miRNA for the regulation of bone/fat differentiation in BMSCs; this mechanism is closely related to the corresponding treatment of OP and is important in the development of novel OP-targeted therapies. However, by reviewing the current literature, it became clear that there are limited summaries discussing the effects of the lncRNA-miRNA network on osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Therefore, this article provides a review of the current literature to explore the impact of the lncRNA-miRNA network on the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, with the aim of providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Xie Y, Qian J. Ge-Gen Decoction Exerts an Anti-Primary Dysmenorrhea Effect in Rats by Inactivating the HSP90/NLRP3/NF-κB/COX-2 Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1571-1580. [PMID: 37092132 PMCID: PMC10115205 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s400545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although Ge-Gen decoction (GGD) has beneficial effects on primary dysmenorrhea (PD), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our previous proteomic data revealed decreased level of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in uterine tissues of rats with PD after GGD treatment. However, the potential role of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. This study investigated the potential role and mechanism of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD using a PD rat model. Methods Wistar female rats were used to investigate the potential role of HSP90 in the anti-PD effect of GGD. The rat PD model was established by injecting estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. GGD, Terazosin (an agonist of HSP90) or GGD combined with Terazosin were orally administered to the PD rats. The expression levels of protein and cytokines, including HSP90, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the uterine tissue of rats in each group were detected by immunohistochemical assay or Western blot. Results GGD ameliorated the writhing response, suppressed the protein levels of HSP90 and inflammation-associated proteins, including NLRP3, NF-κB, and COX-2 in uterine tissues of rats with PD. Terazosin attenuated the anti-PD effect of GGD and reversed the effects of GGD on the protein levels of NLRP3, NF-κB and COX-2 in uterine tissues. Conclusion GGD exerts an anti-PD effect and suppresses levels of HSP90 and some inflammation associated proteins in uterine tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xie
- Department of Gynaecology, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yazhen Xie, Department of Gynaecology, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 140 Renmin South Road, Taicang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 512 5372 8661, Email
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, People’s Republic of China
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Chen Z, Peng Y, Qiang X, Song G, Yang F, Pang B, Wang H. Oral traditional Chinese patent medicines combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol for Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276129. [PMID: 36269706 PMCID: PMC9586373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) was the most common gynecological disorder, with an increasingly high prevalence worldwide. PD often accompanied other dysmenorrhea-associated symptoms to trigger exacerbations, and even cause depression and anxiety for patients. As the effective first-line medication, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become widespread across China and combined with oral traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs) for PD in clinical practice. We hope to provide better efficacy and safety evidence about oral TCPMs combined with NSAIDs (oral TCPMs+NSAIDs) for patients with PD by this network meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will perform a Bayesian network meta-analysis of all oral TCPMs+NSAIDs for clinical diagnosis as PD. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP information resource integration service platform databases, and clinical registers will be searched from the database inception to June 30, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials. Two reviewers will independently screen and check titles and abstracts and read the full text. Data extraction with the same criteria will be conducted by two researchers, including study characteristics, participant characteristics, interventions and comparators, and outcomes. We will perform the network meta-analysis by the Bayesian random method to analyze the direct and indirect comparisons. Meta-regression with multiple covariates will be conducted to find the potential heterogeneity. We will perform the sensitivity analysis to identify the potential effect on the robustness of our results. Evidence certainty of all interventions in outcomes will be identified and assessed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment. Funnel plots with Egger test and Begg's test to detect the potential publication bias. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021265675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Geliang Song
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengwen Yang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Su L, Tong H, Zhang J, Hao M, Fei C, Ji D, Gu W, Bian Z, Mao C, Lu T. Revealing the mechanism of raw and vinegar-processed Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae] regulates primary dysmenorrhea in rats via integrated metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:926291. [PMID: 36176430 PMCID: PMC9513393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.926291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a common disorder among women around the world. Two processed products of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae] (CAS) are traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that have long been used to treat gynecological blood stasis syndrome such as primary dysmenorrhea. The mechanisms and active substances of CAS are still largely unknown. The study aimed to establish a rat model of primary dysmenorrhea which investigates the differences between the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of raw CAS (RCAS) and vinegar-processed CAS (VCAS). Histopathology, cytokinetics, and metabolomics were adopted to evaluate the anti-blood stasis effect of RCAS and VCAS. In metabolomics, endogenous differential metabolites in plasma, urine, and feces are the essential steps to evaluate the effect of RCAS and VCAS. In this study, the rat model of primary dysmenorrhea was successfully established. After RCAS and VCAS intervention, the uterine tissue morphology of dysmenorrhea model rats was improved, and gland hypertrophy and myometrial hyperplasia were reduced as well as neutrophil content. Compared with the RCAS group, the VCAS group had better uterine morphology, few inflammatory factors, and significantly improved amino acid and lipid metabolism. The aforementioned results support the conclusion that VCAS performed better than RCAS in primary dysmenorrhea and that vinegar processing increases the efficacy of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiuba Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Bian
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Tulin Lu,
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Xiong H, Li N, Zhao L, Li Z, Yu Y, Cui X, Liu Q, Zhao C. Integrated Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics, and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Material Basis and Mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942955. [PMID: 35899122 PMCID: PMC9310033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS), a well-known formula, has been successfully applied in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in China. However, its material basis and mechanism are still unrevealed. This current research aims to reveal the material basis and mechanism of DSS in treating PD by an integrative approach of serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. The results showed that DSS markedly relieved the physiological and pathological symptoms of PD as confirmed by the improvement of writhing behavior, inhibition of uterine edema, callback of clinical biochemical indexes, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, a metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of DSS was attributed to the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and phenylalanine metabolism. Meanwhile, 23 blood ingredients were identified after the oral administration of DSS. By analyzing the correlation coefficient of the identified biomarkers and blood components, active compounds closely associated with core metabolic pathways were extracted. Taking these active compounds as a basis, network pharmacology prediction was executed. It was found that active components of DSS including alisol B,23-acetate, chlorogenic acid, levistilide A, cianidanol, senkyunolide A, atractylenolide II, and sedanolide, were germane to steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid signaling pathway, etc. Interestingly, PTGS2 and PTGS1 related to the arachidonic acid metabolism may be pivotal targets of DSS. The current study proved that the integration of serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology, was a powerful approach to investigate the material basis and the molecular mechanisms of DSS, and provided a solid basis for DSS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiong, ; Chunying Zhao,
| | - Na Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Lanqingqing Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yongzhou Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiong, ; Chunying Zhao,
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11
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Ma X, Xie S, Wang R, Wang Z, Jing M, Li H, Wei S, Liu H, Li J, He Q, Zhao Y. Metabolomics Profiles Associated with the Treatment of Zuojin Pill on Patients with Chronic Nonatrophic Gastritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898680. [PMID: 35899115 PMCID: PMC9310101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic nonatrophic gastritis (CNG) is the most common digestive disease. In China, Zuojin pill (ZJP) is considered an effective medicine formula for CNG. However, its efficacy and mechanism have never been explored. In order to understand how and why ZJP demonstrates therapeutic effect on CNG, a clinical trial was conducted. Metabolomics was used to explore its deep mechanism. Methods: A total of 14 patients with CNG were recruited from October 2020 to March 2021 (ChiCTR2000040549). The endoscopy and histopathological changes were evaluated as efficacy. Serum samples were prepared and detected by performing widely targeted metabolome using UPLC. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to identify potential differential metabolites and signaling pathways. Last, the signal-related inflammatory factors containing COX-2, IL-4, and IL-17 were confirmed via immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: ZJP was able to alleviate several indexes of mucosal injury under endoscopy and histology. Erosion and bile reflux, but not red plaques and hemorrhage, were downregulated by ZJP. In addition, it could remarkably alleviate active chronic inflammation. A total of 14 potential metabolites, namely, hypoxanthine, adipic acid, D-ribono-1,4-lactone, L-sepiapterin, imidazoleacetic acid, sebacate, ADP-ribose, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 11,12-EET, 15-OxoETE, 12-OxoETE, (±)8-HETE, glycyrrhizinate, and DL-aminopimelic acid, were discriminated by metabolomics. Moreover, certain amino acid metabolism got significance during the disease progress and treatment. The related inflammatory factors including COX-2, IL-4, and IL-17 were inhibited by ZJP in both mucosa and serum. Conclusion: All these results indicated that ZJP partially acts as an inflammatory suppressor to regulate comprehensive metabolism disorders. This might be an important mechanism of ZJP in the treatment of CNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyong He, ; Yanling Zhao,
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyong He, ; Yanling Zhao,
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12
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Sun T, Quan W, Peng S, Yang D, Liu J, He C, Chen Y, Hu B, Tuo Q. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy Combined with Molecular Docking and in vitro Validation Study to Explore the Underlying Mechanism of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan in Treating Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1621-1645. [PMID: 35669282 PMCID: PMC9166517 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classical formula, possesses anti-atherosclerosis (AS) activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Aim The network pharmacology approach, molecular docking strategy, and in vitro validation experiment were performed to explore the potential active compounds, key targets, main signaling pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms of HLXLD in treating AS. Methods Several public databases were used to search for active components and targets of HLXLD, as well as AS-related targets. Crucial bioactive ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways were acquired through bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, the molecular docking strategy and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to predict the affinity and stability of active compounds and key targets. In vitro cell experiment was performed to verify the findings from bioinformatics analysis. Results A total of 108 candidate compounds and 321 predicted target genes were screened. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that quercetin, dihydrotanshinone I, pelargonidin, luteolin, guggulsterone, and β-sitosterol may be the main ingredients. STAT3, HSP90AA1, TP53, and AKT1 could be the key targets. MAPK signaling pathway might play an important role in HLXLD against AS. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that the active compounds bound well and stably to their targets. Cell experiments showed that the intracellular accumulation of lipid and increased secretory of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in ox-LDL treated RAW264.7 cells, which can be significantly suppressed by pretreating with dihydrotanshinone I. The up-regulation of STAT3, ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation induced by ox-LDL can be inhibited by pretreating with dihydrotanshinone I. Conclusion Our findings comprehensively demonstrated the active compounds, key targets, main signaling pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms of HLXLD in treating AS. These findings would provide a scientific basis for the study of the complex mechanisms underlying disease and drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoli Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoping He
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Hong F, He G, Zhang M, Yu B, Chai C. The Establishment of a Mouse Model of Recurrent Primary Dysmenorrhea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116128. [PMID: 35682815 PMCID: PMC9181441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common reasons for gynecologic visits, but due to the lack of suitable animal models, the pathologic mechanisms and related drug development are limited. Herein, we establish a new mouse model which can mimic the periodic occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea to solve this problem. Non-pregnant female mice were pretreated with estradiol benzoate for 3 consecutive days. After that, mice were injected with oxytocin to simulate menstrual pain on the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days (four estrus cycles). Assessment of the cumulative writhing score, uterine tissue morphology, and uterine artery blood flow and biochemical analysis were performed at each time point. Oxytocin injection induced an equally severe writhing reaction and increased PGF2α accompanied with upregulated expression of COX-2 on the 4th and 8th days. In addition, decreased uterine artery blood flow but increased resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were also observed. Furthermore, the metabolomics analysis results indicated that arachidonic acid metabolism; linoleic acid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids might play important roles in the recurrence of primary dysmenorrhea. This new mouse model is able to mimic the clinical characteristics of primary dysmenorrhea for up to two estrous cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (F.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guiyan He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (F.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (F.H.); (G.H.)
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (F.H.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (C.C.)
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14
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Jiao M, Liu X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Cheng L, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Mei Z. Comparison of Herbal Medicines Used for Women’s Menstruation Diseases in Different Areas of the World. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:751207. [PMID: 35185533 PMCID: PMC8854496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This review aims to compare the use of herbal medicine used to treat women’s menstruation and the prevalence of menstrual diseases in different regions, which reveal the use of herbal medicine globally and provide scientific guidance for improving women’s health. Materials and Methods: The information available on herbal medicines for women between the years 2000 and 2021 was systematically collected via the library and electronic search systems such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science as well as secondary resources including books and conference proceedings. Results: Totally, 571 ethnic medicines commonly used for women’s menstruation health in Asia, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and America were accounted. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger), Ruta graveolens L. (Common rue), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Angelica sinensis), Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Fennel), Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Catharanthus roseus) and other medicines which have obvious advantages and long-term usage are utilized in the treatment of menstrual diseases. Family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Zingiberaceae are the most common medicinal plant families used for such treatments. In many instances, the application of fresh parts of plants was observed because of the healers’ belief regarding the higher efficiency of the medicine made from fresh plants. Edible plants are used in a wide range of countries. Conclusion: Women’s menstruation health is directly related to their health condition. Traditional medicines of most ethnic groups have contributed to women’s health care and treatment of gynecological diseases. Practitioners in this field have gained elaborate experience in treatments and medication, and assembled a large number of effective drugs and prescriptions. These experiences have also been inherited and developed by modern clinical application and scientific research. However, the basic research on these drugs is not sufficient, the knowledge of drug use has not been fully popularized, the advantages of drugs have not been fully utilized, and the guiding potential to modern drug research continues to be insufficient. As such, it is necessary to further promote and make a significant contribution to women’s health.
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15
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Preventive effect of different citrus essential oils on primary dysmenorrhea: in vivo and in vitro study. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Network Pharmacology Strategy to Investigate the Pharmacological Mechanism of Siwu Decoction on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Molecular Docking Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To study the pharmacological mechanisms of Siwu decoction (SWD) on primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) and verify with molecular docking. Methods. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was utilized to acquire the active compounds and their corresponding target genes. The GeneCards database was utilized in the search for target genes that were associated with PDM. The intersection genes from the active target genes of SWD and those associated with PDM represented the active target genes of SWD that act on PDM. The Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were both carried out by RGUI 3.6.1 and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Cytoscape was also utilized for creating a compound-target network, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created through the STRING database. Molecular docking simulations of the macromolecular protein target receptors and their corresponding compounds were performed using AutoDockTool 1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina software. Results. We identified 14 active compounds as well as 97 active target genes of SWD by using the TCMSP. We compared the 97 active target genes of SWD to the 299 target genes related to PDM, and 23 active target genes for SWD that act on PDM which correlated with 11 active compounds were detected. The compound-target network as well as the PPI network were created, in addition to selecting the most essential compounds and their targets in order to create a key compound-target network. The most essential compounds were kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and myricanone. The key targets were AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, AHR, CASP3, and PGR. Lastly, molecular docking was used to confirm binding of the target with its corresponding compound. Conclusion. The pharmacological mechanisms of SWD that act on PDM were investigated, and the active compounds in the SWD for treating PDM were further verified.
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17
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Wang N, Du N, Peng Y, Yang K, Shu Z, Chang K, Wu D, Yu J, Jia C, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu B, Gao Z, Zhang R, Zhou X. Network Patterns of Herbal Combinations in Traditional Chinese Clinical Prescriptions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:590824. [PMID: 33551800 PMCID: PMC7854460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a well-established multidrug combinations schema, traditional Chinese medicine (herbal prescription) has been used for thousands of years in real-world clinical settings. This paper uses a complex network approach to investigate the regularities underlying multidrug combinations in herbal prescriptions. Using five collected large-scale real-world clinical herbal prescription datasets, we construct five weighted herbal combination networks with herb as nodes and herbal combinational use in herbal prescription as links. We found that the weight distribution of herbal combinations displays a clear power law, which means that most herb pairs were used in low frequency and some herb pairs were used in very high frequency. Furthermore, we found that it displays a clear linear negative correlation between the clustering coefficients and the degree of nodes in the herbal combination network (HCNet). This indicates that hierarchical properties exist in the HCNet. Finally, we investigate the molecular network interaction patterns between herb related target modules (i.e., subnetworks) in herbal prescriptions using a network-based approach and further explore the correlation between the distribution of herb combinations and prescriptions. We found that the more the hierarchical prescription, the better the corresponding effect. The results also reflected a well-recognized principle called “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi” in TCM formula theories. This also gives references for multidrug combination development in the field of network pharmacology and provides the guideline for the clinical use of combination therapy for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninglin Du
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kuo Yang
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Shu
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Yu
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Jia
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- Medical Intelligence Institute, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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