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Wang L, Shen YM, Chu X, Peng Q, Cao ZY, Cao H, Jia HY, Zhu BF, Zhang Y. Molecular Investigation and Preliminary Validation of Candidate Genes Associated with Neurological Damage in Heat Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6312-6327. [PMID: 38296899 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a severe medical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response that may precipitate multi-organ dysfunction, with a particular predilection for inducing profound central nervous system impairments. We aim to employ bioinformatics techniques for the retrieval and analysis of genes associated with heat stroke-induced neurological damage. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the GSE64778 dataset from the Sequence Read Archive, resulting in the identification of 1178 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We retrieved 2914 genes associated with heat stroke from the GeneCards database and 2377 genes associated with heat stroke from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The intersection of the top 300 DEGs in the GSE64778 dataset intersected with the search results of GeneCards and CTD, yielding 25 final candidates for DEGs associated with heat stroke. Gene Ontology functional annotation results indicated that the target genes were mainly involved in apoptosis, stress response, and negative regulation of cellular processes and function in processes such as protein dimerization and protein binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed a predominant enrichment of candidate target genes within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Subsequent protein-protein interaction network analysis highlighted HSP90aa1 as a central gene, indicating its pivotal role by possessing the highest number of edges among the genes enriched in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on blood samples from patients validated the expression of Hsp90aa1 in individuals exhibiting early neurological damage in HS, consistent with the findings from the mRNA bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the bioinformatics analysis of the upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating HSP90aa1 and the target miRNAs associated with candidate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified three lncRNAs, eight miRNAs, and one mRNA in the regulatory network. The DIANA Tools database and algorithms were employed for pathway enrichment and correlation analysis, revealing a significant association between LOC102547734 and MIR-206-3p, with the latter being identified as a target binding site Moreover, the analysis unveiled a correlation between MIR-206-3p and HSP90aa1, implicating the latter as a potential target binding site within the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6 North, Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shen
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6 North, Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6 North, Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6 North, Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6, North Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6, North Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Han-Yu Jia
- Research and Education Sector, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6, North Child Lane Road, Nantong, China
| | - Bao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6 North, Child Lane Road, Nantong, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research and Education Sector, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6, North Child Lane Road, Nantong, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 6, North Child Lane Road, Nantong, China.
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Ma R, Norbo K, Zhu Y, Zhu C, Zhou F, Dhondub L, Gyaltsen K, Wu C, Dai J. Chemical proteomics unveils that seventy flavors pearl pill ameliorates ischemic stroke by regulating oxidative phosphorylation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107187. [PMID: 38354502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has high mortality and morbidity rates and is the second leading cause of death in the world, but there is no definitive medicine. Seventy Flavors Pearl Pill (SFPP) is a classic formula in Tibetan Medicine. Clinical practice has shown the attenuation effect of SFPP on blood pressure disorders, strokes and their sequelae and other neurological symptoms, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we established three animal models in vivo and three cell models to evaluate the anti-hypoxia, anti-ischemia, and reperfusion injury prevention effects of SFPP. Quantitative proteomics revealed that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for SFPP's efficacy. Then, cysteine-activity based protein profiling technology, which reflects redox stress at the proteome level, was employed to illustrate that SFPP brought functional differences of critical proteins in OXPHOS. In addition, quantitative metabolomics revealed that SFPP affects whole energy metabolism with OXPHOS as the core. Finally, we performed a compositional identification of SFPP to initially explore the components of potential interventions in OXPHOS. These results provide new perspectives and tools to explore the mechanism of herbal medicine. The study suggests that OXPHOS could be a potential target for further research and intervention of ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kelsang Norbo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China; Technological Innovation Center of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, P.R. China
| | - Yanning Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Technological Innovation Center of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, P.R. China
| | - Lobsang Dhondub
- Technological Innovation Center of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, P.R. China
| | - Kelsang Gyaltsen
- Technological Innovation Center of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, P.R. China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China; Technological Innovation Center of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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Zhang Z, Peng S, Xu T, Liu J, Zhao L, Xu H, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Yang Z. Retinal Microenvironment-Protected Rhein-GFFYE Nanofibers Attenuate Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Microglial/Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302909. [PMID: 37653617 PMCID: PMC10602545 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is involved in the occurrence and development of various eye diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal artery occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have reported self-assembling peptide natural products for the suppression of ocular inflammation and oxidative stress. Herein, a self-assembling peptide GFFYE is designed and synthesized, which can transform the non-hydrophilicity of rhein into an amphiphilic sustained-release therapeutic agent, and rhein-based therapeutic nanofibers (abbreviated as Rh-GFFYE) are constructed for the treatment of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury. Rh-GFFYE significantly ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of retinal ischemia and a rat model of RIR injury. Rh-GFFYE also significantly enhances retinal electrophysiological recovery and exhibits good biocompatibility. Importantly, Rh-GFFYE also promotes the transition of M1-type macrophages to the M2 type, ultimately altering the pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Further investigation of the treatment mechanism indicates that Rh-GFFYE activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress and inhibits the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways to affect inflammation and macrophage polarization. In conclusion, the rhein-loaded nanoplatform alleviates RIR injury by modulating the retinal microenvironment. The findings are expected to promote the clinical application of hydrophobic natural products in RIR injury-associated eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhong Zhang
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Shengjun Peng
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Tengyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Laien Zhao
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Yuanying Zhu
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai264005China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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Li L, Lin L, Wen B, Zhao PC, Liu DS, Pang GM, Wang ZR, Tan Y, Lu C. Promising Natural Medicines for the Treatment of High-Altitude Illness. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:175-185. [PMID: 37504973 PMCID: PMC10516238 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Li Li, Lin Lin, Bo Wen, Peng-cheng Zhao, Da-sheng Liu, Guo-ming Pang, Zi-rong Wang, Yong Tan, and Cheng Lu. Promising natural medicines for the treatment of high-altitude illness. High Alt Med Biol. 24:175-185, 2023.-High-altitude illness (HAI) is a dangerous disease characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory damage and hemodynamic changes in the body that can lead to severe damage to the lungs, heart, and brain. Natural medicines are widely known for their multiple active ingredients and pharmacological effects, which may be important in the treatment of HAI. In this review, we outline the specific types of HAI and the underlying pathological mechanisms and summarize the currently documented natural medicines applied in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema, high-altitude pulmonary edema, chronic mountain sickness, and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. Their sources, types, and medicinal sites are summarized, and their active ingredients, pharmacological effects, related mechanisms, and potential toxicity are discussed. In conclusion, natural medicines, as an acceptable complementary and alternative strategy with fewer side effects and more long-term application, can provide a reference for developing more natural antialtitude sickness medicines in the future and have good application prospects in HAI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-cheng Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da-sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-ming Pang
- Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zi-rong Wang
- Logistics Support Division, National Immigration Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Agri-Food By-Products Rich in Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020449. [PMID: 36678322 PMCID: PMC9865516 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are known for their wide range of harmful conditions related to progressive cell damage, nervous system connections and neuronal death. These pathologies promote the loss of essential motor and cognitive functions, such as mobility, learning and sensation. Neurodegeneration affects millions of people worldwide, and no integral cure has been created yet. Here, bioactive compounds have been proven to exert numerous beneficial effects due to their remarkable bioactivity, so they could be considered as great options for the development of new neuroprotective strategies. Phenolic bioactives have been reported to be found in edible part of plants; however, over the last years, a large amount of research has focused on the phenolic richness that plant by-products possess, which sometimes even exceeds the content in the pulp. Thus, their possible application as an emergent neuroprotective technique could also be considered as an optimal strategy to revalorize these agricultural residues (those originated from plant processing). This review aims to summarize main triggers of neurodegeneration, revise the state of the art in plant extracts and their role in avoiding neurodegeneration and discuss how their main phenolic compounds could exert their neuroprotective effects. For this purpose, a diverse search of studies has been conducted, gathering a large number of papers where by-products were used as strong sources of phenolic compounds for their neuroprotective properties. Finally, although a lack of investigation is quite remarkable and greatly limits the use of these compounds, phenolics remain attractive for research into new multifactorial anti-neurodegenerative nutraceuticals.
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Polymyxin B Reduces Brain Injury in Ischemic Stroke Rat Through a Mechanism Involving Targeting ESCRT-III Machinery and RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1129-1142. [PMID: 35239171 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) machinery is a key component to counteract the mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)-induced plasma membrane broken in cells undergoing necroptosis. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, polymyxin B, a polypeptide antibiotic, is predicted to simultaneously interact with ESCRT-III subunits and necroptosis-relevant proteins. This study aims to explore whether polymyxin B could reduce necroptosis in the stroke rat brain via enhancing the ESCRT-III machinery and/or suppressing the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. The stroke rats showed evident brain injury, concomitant with the downregulation of ESCRT-III subunits and the upregulation of necroptosis-relevant proteins. Post-ischemic administration of polymyxin B could alleviate the brain injury, accompanied by restoration of the levels of ESCRT-III subunits and suppression of necroptosis-relevant proteins. And, polymyxin B exerted similar effects in hypoxia-treated HT22 cells. We conclude that polymyxin B can reduce necroptosis in the stroke rat brain via enhancing the ESCRT-III machinery and suppressing the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway simultaneously.
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Zhu H, Wang C, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H, Liu Y. Brassica rapa L. (Tibetan turnip) prevents sleep-deprivation induced cognitive deficits via the inhibition of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial depolarization. Food Funct 2022; 13:10610-10622. [PMID: 36168843 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brassica rapa L., an edible, feeding and medicinal plant cultivated on the Tibetan plateau with altitudes above 3800 m, has several pharmacological effects. However, its therapeutic effects against memory impairment and central fatigue have yet to be conclusively established. In this study, the Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks revealed that Brassica rapa L. aqueous extract (BE) significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits of sleep deprivation (SD)-treated mice. Moreover, BE treatment partially alleviated SD-induced reductions in the levels of peripheral energy metabolism, and significantly decreased inflammatory factor levels in serum and hippocampus. In addition, BE treatment significantly relieved central fatigue and stabilized the excitability as well as activities of neurons by regulating the levels of hypothalamus tryptophan metabolites and striatum neurotransmitters. The neuroprotective effects of BE were also confirmed using glutamate-treated HT22 cells, whereby BE pretreatment significantly attenuated intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization via adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (AMPK/PPAR-γ) signaling pathways. Thus, BE might probably prevent SD-induced learning and memory deficits by inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring mitochondrial energy metabolism in the hippocampus. These findings imply that BE is a potential complementary therapy for those suffering from deficient sleep or neurometabolic disorders, although this needs verification by prospective clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, China.
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Li Z, Zhu H, Hua H, Liu C, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Du P, Qian H. Anti-fatigue activity of Brassica rapa L. extract and correlation among biochemical changes in forced swimming mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Muhammad F, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yang H, Li H. Antioxidative role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114821. [PMID: 34838943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuroprotective Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced in alternative medicine from early days. TCM-derived neuroprotective compounds, such as Chrysin, Cannabidiol, Toonasinoids, and β-asaron, exert significant effectiveness's towards Parkinson's disease (PD). Further, these neuroprotective TCM showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-septic, analgesic properties. Recent research showed that the reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased the α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity and enhanced the dopaminergic neuron regenerations, the main hallmarks of PD. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of novel TCM due to its antiradical activities needed deep investigations. AIMS OF THE STUDY This review aims to enlighten the neuroprotective TCM and its components with their antioxidative properties to the scientific community for future research. METHOD The relevant information on the neuroprotective TCM was gathered from scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, and CNKI). Information was also gained from MS and Ph.D. thesis, books, and online databases. The literature cited in this review dates from 2001 to June 2, 0201. RESULTS Novel therapies for PD are accessible, mostly rely on Rivastigmine and Donepezil, offers to slow down the progression of disease at an early stage but embraces lots of disadvantages. Researchers are trying to find a potential drug against PD, which is proficient at preventing or curing the disease progress, but still needed to be further identified. Oxidative insult and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be the main culprit of neurodegenerations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the only causative agent in all interactions, leading to PD, from mitochondrial dysfunctions, α-syn aggregative toxicity, and DA neurons degenerations. It is evident from the redox balance, which seems an imperative therapeutic approach against PD and was necessary for the significant neuronal activities. CONCLUSION Our study is explaining the newly discovered TCM and their neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. But also bring up the possible treatment approaches against PD for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Muhammad
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yongtao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Instiute of Biology Gansu Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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Xian M, Cai J, Zheng K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Liang S, Wang S. Aloe-emodin prevents nerve injury and neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8056-8067. [PMID: 34286782 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by cerebral arterial occlusion is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Cellular oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathological process of neural damage in IS. It is necessary to develop functional food or drugs, which target neuroinflammation and oxidation mechanisms against IS. The molecule compound aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from aloe and rhubarb. However, the exact mechanism of the pharmacological action of AE on IS remains unclear. Here, for aiming to demonstrate the mechanism of AE, our study explored the middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats in vivo, oxygen and glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells in vitro. We found that AE significantly improved the infarct size and behavioral score of MCAO/R rats, decreased the expression of TNF-α, MDA, LDH, Caspase 3, and increased the expression of SOD, Bcl-2/Bax. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results showed that AE could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the sham group and MCAO/R group. In vitro, AE significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from the insult of OGD/R and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo and in vitro, western blot analysis results showed that AE significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins. In addition, AE significantly decreased NF-κB protein expression in BV2 cells. The use of AKT-specific inhibitor MK-2206 2HCL to inhibit AKT expression can block the protective effect of AE on SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R insults. Overall, our study suggests that AE protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, these results indicated that AE could be a promising first-line therapy for preventing and treating ischemic stroke and can be used as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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