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Ariyanto EF. The efficacy of botanical drugs in orchestrating epigenetic modifications for ameliorating metabolic disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366551. [PMID: 38645564 PMCID: PMC11026643 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eko Fuji Ariyanto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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2
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Yu X, Kuang B, Dai X, Zheng L, Yu W, Teng W, Cao H, Li M, Yao J, Liu X, Zou W. "Baihui" (DU20)-penetrating "Qubin" (GB7) acupuncture on blood-brain barrier integrity in rat intracerebral hemorrhage models via the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38379356 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 (Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase II/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. METHODS Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin," and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. RESULTS We found that ROCK II acts as a promoter of the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the pre-intervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK II, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. CONCLUSION This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Binglin Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Teng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Hong L, Shi X, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Jiang H, Liu M, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang L, He L, Chen W. Network pharmacology-guided and TCM theory-supported in vitro and in vivo component identification of Naoluoxintong. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19369. [PMID: 37681188 PMCID: PMC10480607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Naoluoxintong (NLXT) has been used to treat ischemic stroke (IS) in China for more than two hundred years. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of NLXT has not been fully studied. Under the guidance of the former network pharmacological analysis, a rapid and reliable method combining UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE with the novel informatics UNIFI™ platform was established which was used to study the composition of NLXT and its prototype components and metabolites in vivo. A total of 102 compounds were identified. 13 compounds were sourced from "Monarch herb", mainly involving flavonoids and their glycosides. 54 compounds were sourced from "Minister herb", mainly involving triterpenoid saponins, organic acids and lactones. 11 compounds were from the "Assistant herb", mostly containing citric acid and esters of citric acid. 24 compounds were from the "Guide herb", mostly including flavonoids and their glycosides, organic acids and lactones. Moreover, 24 prototype components and 30 metabolites were detected, and in vivo transformation pathways for different types of chemical components were provided. This is a comprehensive report on the identification of major chemical components in NLXT and metabolic components in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with UNIFI platform under the guidance of network pharmacology, which is helpful for the quality control of NLXT and the study of quality markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’ an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine) Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
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4
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Ri MH, Xing Y, Zuo HX, Li MY, Jin HL, Ma J, Jin X. Regulatory mechanisms of natural compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the microglial response in ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154889. [PMID: 37262999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of clinically effective neuroprotective agents for stroke therapy is still a challenging task. Microglia play a critical role in brain injury and recovery after ischemic stroke. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) are based on a unique therapeutic principle, have various formulas, and have long been widely used to treat stroke. Therefore, the active compounds in TCHMs and their underlying mechanisms of action are attracting increasing attention in the field of stroke drug development. PURPOSE To summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TCHM-derived natural compounds on the microglial response in animal models of ischemic stroke. METHODS We searched studies published until 10 April 2023 in the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: natural compounds, natural products or phytochemicals, traditional Chinese Medicine or Chinese herbal medicine, microglia, and ischemic stroke. This review was prepared according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. RESULTS Natural compounds derived from TCHMs can attenuate the M1 phenotype of microglia, which is involved in the detrimental inflammatory response, via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK/STAT, Notch, TLR4, P2X7R, CX3CR1, IL-17RA, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and pro-oxidant enzymes. Additionally, the neuroprotective response of microglia with the M2 phenotype can be enhanced by activating Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, PPARγ, SIRT1, CB2R, TREM2, nAChR, and IL-33/ST2. Several clinical trials showed that TCHM-derived natural compounds that regulate microglial responses have significant and safe therapeutic effects, but further well-designed clinical studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS Further research regarding the direct targets and potential pleiotropic or synergistic effects of natural compounds would provide a more reasonable approach for regulation of the microglial response with the possibility of successful stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Hong L, Jiang H, Liu M, Zhao G, Shi X, Tan H, Peng D, Wang L, Chen W, He L. Investigation of Naoluoxintong on the neural stem cells by facilitating proliferation and differentiation in vitro and on protecting neurons by up-regulating the expression of nestin in MCAO rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115684. [PMID: 36058480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The classic traditional Chinese compound Naoluoxintong (NLXT) has been proven an effective remedy for ischemic stroke (IS). The protective effect of NLXT on neural stem cells (NSCs), however, remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effect of NLXT on NSCs in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the effect of Nestin expression in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operated group, the MCAO model group and the NLXT group. The MCAO model in rats was established by modified Longa wire embolization method. The sham-operated group, the model group and the NLXT groups were divided into three subgroups according to the sampling time points of 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after successful model-making. Immunofluorescence staining, including bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulinIII/GFAP, BrdU/doublecortin (DCX) and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN), was used to detect the proliferation and survival of NSCs in the hippocampal after drug administration. Protein expression of Nestin, DCX, GFAP and NeuN in the hippocampal was detected by Western blot (WB). RESULTS Immunofluorescence experiment of Nestin labeled: on the first day, a few Nestin-positive cells were found in the hippocampal DG area. Afterwards, the number of Nestin-labeled positive cells in the model group increased, while the number of cells in the sham group did not fluctuate significantly. The number of positive cells in each administration group increased more than that in the model and normal group. β-tubulin III/GFAP double-labeled: a small amount of double labeled cells was expressed in the normal group, and the number subsequently fluctuated little. In the model group, β-tubulin III/GFAP positive cells increased initially after acute ischemia, and gradually decreased afterwards. In the NLXT-treated group, β-Tubulin III positive cells were significantly increased on day 1, 3 and 7, while GFAP positive cells had little change. BrdU/DCX double-labeled: initially, a small number of BrdU/DCX-labeled positive cells were observed in the normal group and the model group, but there was no increasing trend over time. The positive cells in the NLXT group increased over time, and those in the seven-day group were significantly higher than those in the one-day and three-day groups. BrdU/NEUN double-labeled: in the normal group, BrdU/NEUN positive cells were enriched and distributed regularly. The number of positive cells in the model group was small and decreased gradually with time, and the decrease was most obvious on the third day. The number of positive cells in the NLXT group was significantly higher than that in the model group, and the number of positive cells in the seven-day group was significantly higher than that in the one-day and three-day groups. WB results reflected those three proteins, Nestin, NeuN and DCX, showed an increase in expression, except GFAP, which showed a decreasing trend. CONCLUSIONS Preliminarily, NLXT can promote the migration and differentiation of NSCs. It may have a protective effect on the brain by promoting repair of brain tissue damage through upregulation of Nestin after IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
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Morris-Blanco KC, Chokkalla AK, Arruri V, Jeong S, Probelsky SM, Vemuganti R. Epigenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2000-2016. [PMID: 35854641 PMCID: PMC9580166 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a central role for epigenetic modifications in the progression of stroke pathology. These epigenetic mechanisms are involved in complex and dynamic processes that modulate post-stroke gene expression, cellular injury response, motor function, and cognitive ability. Despite decades of research, stroke continues to be classified as a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with limited clinical interventions. Thus, technological advances in the field of epigenetics may provide innovative targets to develop new stroke therapies. This review presents the evidence on the impact of epigenomic readers, writers, and erasers in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology. We specifically explore the role of DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, and epigenomic regulation by long non-coding RNAs in modulating gene expression and functional outcome after stroke. Furthermore, we highlight promising pharmacological approaches and biomarkers in relation to epigenetics for translational therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha M Probelsky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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The Role of DNA Methylation in Stroke Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810373. [PMID: 36142283 PMCID: PMC9499691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations affect the onset of ischemic stroke, brain injury after stroke, and mechanisms of poststroke recovery. In particular, DNA methylation can be dynamically altered by maintaining normal brain function or inducing abnormal brain damage. DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), which promotes methylation, DNA demethylase, which removes methyl groups, and methyl-cytosine–phosphate–guanine-binding domain (MBD) protein, which binds methylated DNA and inhibits gene expression. Investigating the effects of modulating DNMT, TET, and MBD protein expression on neuronal cell death and neurorepair in ischemic stroke and elucidating the underlying mechanisms can facilitate the formulation of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection and promotion of neuronal recovery after stroke. In this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and neuronal recovery after stroke according to the current knowledge regarding the effects of DNA methylation on excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and recovery after ischemic stroke. This review of the literature regarding the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and functional recovery after stroke may contribute to the development and application of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke.
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Wang N, Chu F, Fei C, Pan L, Wang Y, Chen W, Peng D, Duan X, He L. Naoluo Xintong Decoction in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Network Analysis of the Mechanism of Action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809505. [PMID: 35668929 PMCID: PMC9163544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of Naoluo Xintong decoction (NLXTD) for the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) is unknown. We used network analysis and molecular docking techniques to verify the potential mechanism of action of NLXTD in treating IS. The main active components of NLXTD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and IS targets were collected from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards, and Drugbank databases; their intersection was taken. In addition, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed and used to build protein-protein interaction networks. AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking, and animal experiments were conducted to verify the results. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the brain morphology of rats in each group, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of relative mRNA in the brain tissue of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of relative protein in the brain tissue of rats. Network analysis and molecular docking results showed that CASP3, NOS3, VEGFA, TNF, PTGS2, and TP53 are important potential targets for NLXTD in the treatment of IS. RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that NLXTD inhibited the expression of CASP3, TNF, PTGS2, and TP53 and promoted the expression of VEGFA and NOS3. NLXTD treats IS by modulating pathways and targets associated with inflammation and apoptosis in a multicomponent, multitarget manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Furui Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changyi Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Liu YY, Ding CZ, Chen JL, Wang ZS, Yang B, Wu XM. A Novel Small Molecular Inhibitor of DNMT1 Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863339. [PMID: 35401185 PMCID: PMC8983860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a relatively new and effective therapeutic strategy for treating lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs). However, RFA is rarely used in the clinic for LSCC which still suffers from a lack of effective comprehensive treatment strategies. In the present work, we investigate iDNMT, a novel small molecular inhibitor of DNMT1 with a unique structure. In clinical LSCC specimens, endogenous DNMT1 was positively associated with methylation rates of miR-27-3p's promoter. Moreover, endogenous DNMT1 was negatively correlated with miR-27-3p expression which targets PSEN-1, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, which mediates the cleavage and activation of the Notch pathway. We found that DNMT1 increased activation of the Notch pathway in clinical LSCC samples while downregulating miR-27-3p expression and hypermethylation of miR-27-3p's promoter. In addition of inhibiting activation of the Notch pathway by repressing methylation of the miR-27-3p promoter, treatment of LSCC cells with iDNMT1 also enhanced the sensitivity of LSCC tumor tissues to RFA treatment. These data suggest that iDNMT-induced inhibition of DNMT-1 enhances miR-27-3p expression in LSCC to inhibit activation of the Notch pathway. Furthermore, the combination of iDNMT and RFA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, He Nan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, He Nan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, He Nan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Shuai Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou Xinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, He Nan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Naoluo Xintong Decoction Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis through Activating the HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling Pathway in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9341466. [PMID: 35449809 PMCID: PMC9017488 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9341466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Naoluo Xintong decoction (NLXTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula which has been used to improve neuronal functional recovery after cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NLXTD's amelioration of ischemic stroke remains unclear. The present study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of NLXTD on brain angiogenesis in a rat model with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Materials and Methods Cerebral I/R model was established by the classical middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (n = 80) were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) group, the 2ME2 with NLXTD group, and the NLXTD group. Neurological deficit test, TTC staining, H&E staining, TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry (IH), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effect of NLXTD after MCAO. Results Administration of NLXTD significantly decreased neuron deficiency scores, reduced brain infarct volume, and lowered damaged and apoptotic cells after brain I/R injury in rats. Meanwhile, NLXTD had a protective effect on angiogenesis by increasing the MVD and the expressions of BrdU and CD34, which enhanced the number of endothelial cells in the ischemic penumbra brain. NLXTD treatment significantly raised the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, and Notch1 compared with the model treatment. In contrast, a specific HIF-1α inhibitor, 2ME2, inhibited the improvement of neurological function and angiogenesis in NLXTD-induced rats with cerebral I/R injury, suggesting that NLXTD played a positive role in ischemic brain injury by activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Conclusions NLXTD exerts neuroprotection targeting angiogenesis by upregulating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway on cerebral I/R injury rats.
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Zhao G, Hong L, Liu M, Jiang H, Peng D, He L, Chen W. Isolation and Characterization of Natural Nanoparticles in Naoluo Xintong Decoction and Their Brain Protection Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051511. [PMID: 35268609 PMCID: PMC8911896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, researchers use modern analytical techniques in a unique perspective of physical pharmacy to analyze the phase composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have discovered that natural nanoparticles commonly exist in decoctions. This study aims to isolate and characterize the structure and composition of nanoparticles in Naoluo Xintong (NLXT) and investigate whether the brain protection effect of NLXT is closely related to NLXT-Nanoparticles (NLXT-NPs). Firstly, the dialysis-centrifugation method was used to separate the nanoparticles and then their size distribution, potential, and morphology were characterized. In addition, infrared spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology were used to analyze the composition of nanoparticles. As for the pharmacodynamic experiment, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, NLXT, NLXT with nanoparticles removing (NLXT-RN), NLXT-RN+Nanoparticles (NLXT-RN+NPs), and NLXT-NPs groups. After administration, the neurological function, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis level were measured. Our research showed that NLXT-NPs are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and saponins, with typical characteristics of two hundred-nanometer size and negatively loaded. NLXT can improve nerve function, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit cell apoptosis. However, removing nanoparticles can significantly reduce the brain-protective effect of NLXT, which indicates that NLXT-NPs play an essential role in the efficacy of NLXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (G.Z.); (L.H.); (M.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (G.Z.); (L.H.); (M.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (G.Z.); (L.H.); (M.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (G.Z.); (L.H.); (M.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China;
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China;
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (W.C.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (G.Z.); (L.H.); (M.L.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (W.C.)
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Shcherbak N, Suchkova I, Patkin E, Voznyuk I. DNA methylation in experimental ischemic brain injury. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-40. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212208232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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