1
|
Hong Q, Lin W, Yan Y, Chen S, Li J, Yu J, Zhu Y, Qiu S. Huashi Jiedu Decoction Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Efficacy in Gastric Cancer via miRNA-21-3p/p53 Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2025; 19:3883-3906. [PMID: 40391175 PMCID: PMC12087606 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s513371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the mechanism of Huashi Jiedu Decoction (HJD) synergizing with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric cancer (GC) therapy. Methods MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and genes involved in HJD-mediated GC treatment were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and molecular docking. The effects of HJD on 5-Fu sensitivity in BGC-823 cells were evaluated with 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. Synergistic effects in vector-transfected and miRNA-21-3p knockdown cells were assessed by colony formation, wound healing, transwell assays, and flow cytometry (FCM). An in vivo study evaluated the impact of HJD on 5-Fu sensitivity, measuring miRNA-21-3p, tumor protein p53 (p53), N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin in tumors, along with tumor volume and weight. Results miRNA-21-3p and p53 were key targets in HJD's therapeutic effect on GC. RT-qPCR showed that HJD combined with 5-Fu reduced miRNA-21-3p and upregulated p53 in vector cells and increased p53 mRNA (p < 0.01) and protein (p < 0.05) compared to 5-Fu alone. These effects were abolished in miRNA-21-3p knockdown cells. The combination reduced colony formation by 48.92% (p < 0.01), suppressed transwell migration by 28.5% (p < 0.01), and inhibited wound healing by 81.9% compared to 5-Fu monotherapy (p < 0.001), with no effects in knockdown cells. FCM showed a 15.1% increase in G0/G1 phase arrest (p < 0.05). In vivo, the combination significantly reduced tumor volume (p < 0.05) and weight by 18.7%, with concomitant miRNA-21-3p downregulation (p < 0.0001), EMT marker suppression (N-cadherin, vimentin), and tumor suppressor activation (p53, E-cadherin) versus 5-Fu alone. Conclusion HJD enhances 5-Fu's effects on GC by regulating the miRNA-21-3p/p53 pathway and modulating cadherin expression, supporting its potential as an adjunctive treatment in GC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Animals
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Male
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianran Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiye Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yici Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieru Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengliang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han X, Sun C, Ding H, Deng S, Li M, Lou J, Song X, Kai G. Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals the mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma extract inhibiting CCL5 in the treatment of acute pharyngitis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 137:156360. [PMID: 39798344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pharyngitis (AP) is a common condition marked by inflammation of the oropharynx, which can lead to severe throat swelling, breathing difficulties, and even suffocation, significantly impacting quality of life. Despite the beneficial anti-inflammatory activity of Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma (GRER) and Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), their pharmacological mechanisms against AP remain unclear. PURPOSE This study explores the mechanisms by which GRER treats AP, utilizing both transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches. METHODS We identified the chemical components of GRER and those that enter the bloodstream using UPLC-MS/MS. Based on15 % ammonia-induced AP model, this study integrates transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of GRER and ISL in the AP treatment. RESULTS The results indicated that GRER has significantly protective and anti-inflammatory effects against AP. Our analysis identified 144 components of GRER in vitro and 17 components in vivo. Network pharmacology and quantitative analysis highlighted ISL as a key active ingredient responsible for GRER's anti-AP effects. Transcriptomics and metabolomics results indicate that GRER and its active ingredient ISL exert therapeutic effects on AP by inhibiting the expression of CCL5 in pharyngeal tissue, thereby downregulating the levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites malic acid and fumaric acid in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway. CONCLUSION The data in this article demonstrated that GRER and ISL has significantly anti-inflammatory effects and protective effects for AP by regulating CCL5 expression to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites within TCA cycle pathway. It provides a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Chengtao Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huizhe Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Shengqian Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Man Li
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jiayi Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xipeng Song
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ömeroğlu E. The relationship between URG4 and clinicopathologic parameters and its effect on two-year survival in gastric carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 50:102122. [PMID: 39326326 PMCID: PMC11460518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The present study examined the relationship between Upregulated gene 4 (URG4) expression, an oncogene involved in the development of gastric carcinoma, and clinicopathologic parameters including Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The study aimed to investigate the importance of URG4 as a prognostic factor for 2-year survival in GCs, which are usually in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and have a rapid course. METHODS In 61 patients with GC, URG4 expression results in paraffin blocks were compared with the patients' clinicopathologic, 2-year survival, and HER2 results. RESULTS Among the patients, 24 (39 %) had low URG4 scores (scores 0-4) and 37 (61 %) had high URG4 scores (scores 6-9). While the HER2 score was negative in 52 (85 %)patients, it was positive in 9 (15 %). URG4 expression values were significantly correlated with tumor (T) stage and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p < 0.005), whereas no significant correlation was determined between other pathological prognostic factors and HER2 status (p > 0.005). During the two-year period, 32 (52 %) patients survived and 29 (48 %) died. The mean duration of survival was 75.20 ± 35.22 weeks. A significant correlation was determined between URG4 values and survival and mortality results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We revealed a correlation (p < 0.005) between increased URG4 scores with increased T stage and LVI. We demonstrated an association between increased URG4 expression and survival time and mortality in patients with GC during the first two years of survival (p < 0.005) and URG4 and HER2 yielded similar results as prognostic factors in the survival of the patients URG4 is an essential oncogene in malignancies, especially in gastric GC, requiring further research and development in prognostic and therapeutic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethem Ömeroğlu
- Clinic of Pathology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Konya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Q, Liu X, Yu J, Liu Y, Song H, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang S, Niu X, Li W. Schisandrin inhibits VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102440. [PMID: 39002288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation, migration, and foam cell formation of Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) each play a role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Schisandrin (Sch) is the active lignan ingredient with broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. However, the role of Sch in the AS process is not clear. Therefore, this study was proposed to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Sch on VSMCs. Ox-LDL was selected to create an atherosclerosis injury environment for VSMCs and macrophages. The MTT assay, Oil red O staining, wound healing, transwell experiments and ELISA were used to investigate the phenotype effects of Sch. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, flow cytometry, and western blot were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Sch on AS progression. Our findings implied that Sch treatment inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and suppressed the ROS production and inflammatory cytokines up-regulation of VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, Sch reduced lipid uptake and foam cell formation through downregulating LOX-1. Mechanistically, we found that Sch can inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling by targeting JAK2, and arrest cell cycle in GO/G1 phase. In summary, Sch can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Sch may serve as a potential drug for patients with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang R, Gao C, Yu M, Song J, Feng Z, Wang R, Pan H, Liu H, Li W, Fan X. Mechanistic prediction and validation of Brevilin A Therapeutic effects in Lung Cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:214. [PMID: 38840248 PMCID: PMC11151568 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been found widespread application in neoplasm treatment, yielding promising therapeutic candidates. Previous studies have revealed the anti-cancer properties of Brevilin A, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone derived from Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br. (C. minima), a TCM herb, specifically against lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of its effects remain elusive. This study employs network pharmacology and experimental analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms of Brevilin A in lung cancer. METHODS The Batman-TCM, Swiss Target Prediction, Pharmmapper, SuperPred, and BindingDB databases were screened to identify Brevilin A targets. Lung cancer-related targets were sourced from GEO, Genecards, OMIM, TTD, and Drugbank databases. Utilizing Cytoscape software, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene-pathway correlation analysis were conducted using R software. To validate network pharmacology results, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments were performed. RESULTS We identified 599 Brevilin A-associated targets and 3864 lung cancer-related targets, with 155 overlapping genes considered as candidate targets for Brevilin A against lung cancer. The PPI network highlighted STAT3, TNF, HIF1A, PTEN, ESR1, and MTOR as potential therapeutic targets. GO and KEGG analyses revealed 2893 enriched GO terms and 157 enriched KEGG pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. GSEA demonstrated a close association between hub genes and lung cancer. Gene-pathway correlation analysis indicated significant associations between hub genes and the cellular response to hypoxia pathway. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed Brevilin A's interaction with PTEN and HIF1A, respectively. In vitro experiments demonstrated Brevilin A-induced dose- and time-dependent cell death in A549 cells. Notably, Brevilin A treatment significantly reduced HIF-1α mRNA expression while increasing PTEN mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Brevilin A exerts anti-cancer effects in treating lung cancer through a multi-target and multi-pathway manner, with the HIF pathway potentially being involved. These results lay a theoretical foundation for the prospective clinical application of Brevilin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiyun Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jialing Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- School of clinical medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimeng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Fan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Tang S, Huang L, Chen Z, Li Y, Liu S, Song F, Men L, Liu Z. Integrated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry-based components analysis and network pharmacology strategy of Gancao Xiexin Decoction in treating gastric ulcer. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300751. [PMID: 38234032 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gancao Xiexin Decoction (GCXXD) is a traditional Chinese decoction that is often used in treating gastric ulcers. However, the substance basis and mechanism of action remain unclear. In this study, in vivo and in vitro components of GCXXD were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. The compound Discover platform was used to ultimately enable rapid identification of compounds. Acquire X intelligent data acquisition technology software was innovatively adopted. In the process of collecting drug-containing plasma, all components detected in blank plasma samples were excluded to eliminate the interference and influence of endogenous components in plasma, making the analysis results more accurate and reliable. At the same time, the possibility of selecting precursor parent ions with low concentration levels within the chromatographic peak can be increased, improving the coverage and integrality of the detection of components in vivo. Also, the targeted network pharmacology strategy combined with molecular docking was established to explore the mechanism of GCXXD in treating gastric ulcers. As a result, 113 components were identified, 41 of which could enter the bloodstream and exert therapeutic effects in vivo. The main effective components are glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, jatrorrhizine, wogonin, palmatine, and liquiritigenin, main targets in vivo were related to ALB, IL6, and VEGF, which play an important role in anti-inflammatory and promoting angiogenesis. In summary, this study adopted a comprehensive analysis strategy to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of GCXXD against gastric ulcers, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoufang Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Men
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|