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Kim Y, Choi PJ, Jang A. Effect of NaOCl and ClO 2 on seawater desalination using reverse osmosis with cartridge filtration as the pretreatment during the algal bloom. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140944. [PMID: 38096989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased seawater temperature leads to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which releases toxic materials and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are harmful to both humans and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) with cartridge filter (CF) as the pretreatment process is often used for desalination process. However, the EPS causes severe fouling on the CF, and RO membrane. Disinfectants, such as NaOCl and ClO2, are commonly used to remove biofouling, because they can oxidize and kill microorganisms. Therefore, our study aims to utilize NaOCl and ClO2 during the CF-RO process to minimize the algal growth within the system and minimize the fouling induced by EPS. Results from this study show that CF can remove more than 50% of protein and 14% of polysaccharides but is not effective in removing toxins. However, with disinfectants, toxic materials were completely oxidized. Improved removal of EPS with CF improved overall performance. The flux reduction in RO process without disinfection was over 60%, however, the flux decline was about 44% and 10% with NaOCl and ClO2, respectively. Both disinfectants were found to be effective, however use of ClO2 is recommended because it is less damaging the membrane, yet more effective in enhancing the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Kim
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paula Jungwon Choi
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Am Jang
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Jütte M, Abdighahroudi MS, Waldminghaus T, Lackner S, V Lutze H. Bacterial inactivation processes in water disinfection - mechanistic aspects of primary and secondary oxidants - A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119626. [PMID: 36709565 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water disinfection during drinking water production is one of the most important processes to ensure safe drinking water, which is gaining even more importance due to the increasing impact of climate change. With specific reaction partners, chemical oxidants can form secondary oxidants, which can cause additional damage to bacteria. Cases in point are chlorine dioxide which forms free available chlorine (e.g., in the reaction with phenol) and ozone which can form hydroxyl radicals (e.g., during the reaction with natural organic matter). The present work reviews the complex interplay of all these reactive species which can occur in disinfection processes and their potential to affect disinfection processes. A quantitative overview of their disinfection strength based on inactivation kinetics and typical exposures is provided. By unifying the current data for different oxidants it was observable that cultivated wild strains (e.g., from wastewater treatment plants) are in general more resistant towards chemical oxidants compared to lab-cultivated strains from the same bacterium. Furthermore, it could be shown that for selective strains chlorine dioxide is the strongest disinfectant (highest maximum inactivation), however as a broadband disinfectant ozone showed the highest strength (highest average inactivation). Details in inactivation mechanisms regarding possible target structures and reaction mechanisms are provided. Thereby the formation of secondary oxidants and their role in inactivation of pathogens is decently discussed. Eventually, possible defense responses of bacteria and additional effects which can occur in vivo are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Jütte
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Abdighahroudi
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Torsten Waldminghaus
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Centre for synthetic biology, Chair of molecular microbiology, Schnittspahnstraße 12, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of water and environmental biotechnology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
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L-Tryptophan Aqueous Systems at Low Concentrations: Interconnection between Self-Organization, Fluorescent and Physicochemical Properties, and Action on Hydrobionts. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111792. [PMID: 35683651 PMCID: PMC9182180 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As shown by fluorescence monitoring of dissolved organic matter, amino acid L-Trp can be present in natural water. The consequences of the presence of L-Trp at low concentrations in surface water systems are not yet established for hydrobionts. Studying the physicochemical patterns, as well as their relationships to the bioeffects of L-Trp solutions in the low concentration range, can provide new and important information regarding the unknown effects of L-Trp. The self-organization, physicochemical properties, fluorescence, UV absorption, and action of L-Trp solutions on Paramecium caudatum infusoria, Chlorella vulgaris algae were studied in the calculated concentrations range of 1 × 10−20–1 × 10−2 mol/L. The relationship between these phenomena was established using the certified procedures for monitoring the toxicity of natural water and wastewater. It was shown for the first time that aqueous solutions of L-Trp are dispersed systems in which the dispersed phase (nanoassociates) undergoes a rearrangement with dilution, accompanied by coherent changes in the nanoassociates’ parameters and the properties of systems. The non-monotonic concentration dependence of fluorescence intensity (λex at 225 nm, λem at 340 nm) is in good agreement with the data on the nanoassociates’ parameters, as well as with both the physicochemical properties of the systems and their bioassay results.
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Alikina M, Shkodenko L, Kramarenko A, Chernyshov I, Belyaeva A, Gutsalova A, Krivoshapkina E, Koshel E, Vinogradov A. ClO 2-Loaded Aerogels with Biocide Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49490-49499. [PMID: 34609828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism of chlorine dioxide's (ClO2) interaction with aerogel surfaces is described for the first time. To determine the mechanism, three types of aerogels (namely, silica, titania, and zirconia composites) were synthesized and characterized using N2 sorption isotherm analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The kinetics of the ClO2 interaction mechanism was investigated via ClO2-controlled sorption and desorption at different temperatures. The process was studied through the theoretical calculation of ClO2 interaction with the aerogel surface. The biocide efficiency of the as-synthesized ClO2-loaded aerogels on different bacteria strains was investigated, and efficient microorganism extermination was demonstrated. This system is a disinfectant that can find potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alikina
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Liubov Shkodenko
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | | | - Ivan Chernyshov
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Elena Koshel
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
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Ge Y, Zhang X, Shu L, Yang X. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:560-567. [PMID: 33629148 PMCID: PMC7904506 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), an alternative disinfectant to chlorine, has been widely applied in water and wastewater disinfection. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of ClO2 with viruses. The inactivation efficiencies vary greatly among different virus species. The inactivation rates for different serotypes within a family of viruses can differ by over 284%. Generally, to achieve a 4-log removal, the exposure doses, also being referred to as Ct values (mutiplying the concentration of ClO2 and contact time) vary in the range of 0.06-10 mg L-1 min. Inactivation kinetics of viruses show two phases: an initial rapid inactivation phase followed by a tailing phase. Inactivation rates of viruses increase as pH or temperature increases, but show different trends with increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both damages in viral proteins and in the 5' noncoding region within the genome contribute to virus inactivation upon ClO2 disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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