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Chen L, Xiang H, Zhou LT, Zhang YQ, Ding YC, Wu D, Zhu NW, Zhang YF, Feng HJ. Low-voltage stimulated denitrification performance of high-salinity wastewater using halotolerant microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130688. [PMID: 38604298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate is a common contaminant in high-salinity wastewater, which has adverse effects on both the environment and human health. However, conventional biological treatment exhibits poor denitrification performance due to the high-salinity shock. In this study, an innovative approach using an electrostimulating microbial reactor (EMR) was explored to address this challenge. With a low-voltage input of 1.2 V, the EMR reached nitrate removal kinetic parameter (kNO3-N) of 0.0166-0.0808 h-1 under high-salinities (1.5 %-6.5 %), which was higher than that of the microbial reactor (MR) (0.0125-0.0478 h-1). The mechanisms analysis revealed that low-voltage significantly enhanced microbial salt-in strategy and promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Halotolerant denitrification microorganisms (Pseudomonas and Nitratireductor) were also enriched in EMR. Moreover, the EMR achieved a NO3-N removal efficiency of 73.64 % in treating high-salinity wastewater (salinity 4.69 %) over 18-cycles, whereas the MR only reached 54.67 %. In summary, this study offers an innovative solution for denitrification of high-salinity wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Xiang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ting Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang-Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER) - Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Nan-Wen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen L, Zhou LT, Ding YC, Wu D, Feng HJ. Enhancing microbial salt tolerance through low-voltage stimulation for improved p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) removal in high-salinity wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167164. [PMID: 37730069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
As an important raw material for the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical, hazardous carcinogen p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) has been widely found in high-salinity wastewater which need to be treated carefully. Due to the high-salinity shock on microorganisms, conventional microbial treatment technologies usually show poor effluent quality. This study initially investigated the p-CNB removal performance of microorganisms stimulated by 1.2 V low-voltage in high-salinity wastewater under facultative anaerobic conditions and further revealed the enhanced mechanisms. The results showed that the p-CNB removal kinetic parameter kp-CNB in the electrostimulating microorganism reactor (EMR) increased by 104.37 % to 155.30 % compared to the microorganism reactor (MR) as the control group under the varying salinities (0-45 g/L NaCl). The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in halotolerant microorganisms mainly enhanced by 1.2 V voltage stimulation ranging from 0 g/L NaCl to 30 g/L NaCl. Protein concentration ratio of EMR to MR in loosely bound EPS achieved maximum value of 1.77 at the salinity of 15 g/L NaCl, and the same ratio in tightly bound EPS also peaked at 1.39 under the salinity of 30 g/L NaCl. At the salinity of 45 g/L NaCl, 1.2 V voltage stimulation mainly enhanced salt-in strategy of halotolerant microorganisms, and the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentration ratio of EMR to MR reached maximum and minimum values of 0.65 and 1.92, respectively. Furthermore, the results of microbial metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis showed the halotolerant microorganisms Pseudomonas_A and Nitratireductor with p-CNB removal ability were enriched significantly under 1.2 V voltage stimulation. And the gene expression of p-CNB removal, salt-in strategy and betaine transporter were enhanced under voltage stimulation at varying salinities. Our investigation provided a new solution which combined with 1.2 V voltage stimulation and halotolerant microorganisms for the treatment of high-salinity wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ting Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang-Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Faculty of Bioengineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Dsane VF, Jeon H, Choi Y, Jeong S, Choi Y. Characterization of magnetite assisted anammox granules based on in-depth analysis of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128372. [PMID: 36423769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite can be considered as an iron-rich carrier particles that can be ionized into Fe2+ and Fe3+ which improves the activity and aggregation of anammox bacteria. Three samples from this carrier assisted granulation reactor with size groups including Flocs, FL (0-300 µm), Small Granules, SG (300-500 µm) and Large Granules, LG (500-1000 µm) were used in this study. It was observed that as the granule size increased, the iron-rich carrier content increased, and their active crystals improved the microbial cell density. Specific anammox activity (SAA) was 34.63 ± 5.02, 55.29 ± 5.14, and 63.81 ± 7.50 mg-N/g-VSS/d for FL, SG and LG, respectively. In addition, in heme c content of LG was 31.5 % higher than SG and 62.9 % higher than FL. An in-depth study into the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed that the secretion intensity of essential proteins followed the order of FL < SG < LG in loosely bound EPS and FL > SG > LG in tightly bound EPS. Functional group analysis confirmed that the hydrophobic CN and NH stretching vibration band had almost 3.5 times higher transmittance intensity in LG than the other sizes and the corresponding ratio of α-helix/(β sheet + random coil) in secondary derivative proteins analysis showed tightness in the protein structures of FL. The relative abundance of Brocadia Sinica increased from 0 % in FL to a high of 20.46 % in LG. This study aims to communicate the essence of in-depth EPS analysis beyond the usual EPS yield and major contents of proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haejun Jeon
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Younggyun Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Choi Y, Dsane VF, Jeon H, Jeong S, Oh T, Choi Y. The role of magnetite (Fe 3O 4) particles for enhancing the performance and granulation of anammox. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157218. [PMID: 35810899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors each with an effective volume of 2.3 L were operated as C-AMX (no carrier addition) and M-AMX (magnetite carrier added) for 147 days with synthetic wastewater at an NLR range of 0.19-0.47 kgN/m3/d. The long-term effect of magnetite on the granulation and performance of anammox bacteria in terms of nitrogen removal and other essential parameters were confirmed. In phase I (1-24 days), M-AMX took approximately 12 days to obtain a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) above 80 % of the initial input nitrogen. Although free nitrous acid inhibited the reactor at a high concentration at the onset of phase III, the NRR of M-AMX recovered about 3.7 times faster than that of C-AMX. In addition, it was confirmed that the M-AMX granules had a dense and compact structure compared to C-AMX, and the presence of the carrier promoted the development of these resilient granules. While the measured microbial stress gradually increased in C-AMX reactor, a vice versa was observed in the M-AMX reactor as granulation proceeded. Compared to other alternative iron-based carrier particles, the stable crystal structure of magnetite as a carrier created a mechanism where filamentous bacteria groups were repelled from the granulation hence the microbial stress in the M-AMX in the final phase was 61.54 % lower than that in the C-AMX. The iron rich environment created by the magnetite addition led to Ignavibacteria, (a Feammox bacteria) increasing significantly in the M-AMX bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Victory Fiifi Dsane
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Process Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Haejun Jeon
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseok Oh
- BKT Company Ltd., Korea Sinseong-dong, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Younggyun Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Fiifi Dsane V, Jeon H, Choi Y, Choi Y. A comprehensive root cause analysis of anammox bioreactor performance decline. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126895. [PMID: 35217160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (anammox) has gained enormous awareness over the last few decades. Although numerous studies focus massively on successfully growing these anammox to different enrichment environments, in reality, the failure rates are somewhat comparable to the reported success rates. This study combines a variety of measurement techniques to observe and monitor the sequence of a bioreactor performance decline following elevated influent substrate concentration. After attaining stable substrate removal throughout a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) range of 0.691 to 1.669 kg-N·m-3·d-1, the performance of the lab-scale anammox-sequencing batch reactor (SBR) abruptly broke down as the NLR reached 2.01 kg-N·m-3·d-1. The gathered information showed that the increased NLR firstly caused a significant and unfavorable change in the free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration in the bioreactor. A subsequent drop in N2 production and a decline from a peak high of 0.381 to a low of 0.012 kg-N·kg-VSS-3·d-1 of the specific nitrogen removal rate (SNRR) led to an 82% absurd decline in microbial cellular energy production. Prior to these anammox switching to survival mode and secreting larger quantities (32% higher) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the activity of syntrophic decomposers increased substantially leading to the internal production of excess CO2 in the bioreactor and thereby diverging the bioreactor pH to lower levels. The purposes of this study are to understand the reason an anammox process shows different signals during a decline phase and to enable immediate response to performance deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victory Fiifi Dsane
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Process Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Haejun Jeon
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyun Choi
- Department of Environmental & IT Convergence Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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