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Zhu X. Proximal language predicts crowdfunding success: Behavioral and experimental evidence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Formanowicz M. Verb Intergroup Bias: Verbs Are Used More Often in Reference to In-Groups than Out-Groups. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619893957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agency is a basic dimension of evaluations of social groups. More agency is assigned to in-groups than to out-groups, and verb intergroup bias (VIB) captures this tendency in language use. Four studies that performed large-scale quantitative analysis of natural language use, which covered more than 200 billion words, 20 countries, and various time spans, support the VIB model. Verbs, which are prototypically associated with actions, serve as agency indicators, and thus generic in-groups are more often described with verbs ( we vs. they). Moreover, VIB is present in specific between-group comparisons: for Americans as an in-group reference and various out-groups (e.g., Mexicans, Russians, and Palestinians), as well as for Americans, Canadians, Britons, and Australians as in-group references and immigrants as a generic out-group. VIB is a useful tool in diagnosing intergroup discourses. Furthermore, VIB attests to the importance of analyzing language’s role in the formation and maintenance of social biases.
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Carrera P, Fernandez-Sedano I, Muñoz D, Caballero A. Desires matter! Desired attitudes predict behavioural intentions in people who think abstractly: the case of eating products without added salt / ¡Los deseos importan! Las actitudes deseadas predicen las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que piensan de modo abstracto: El caso del consumo de alimentos sin sal añadida. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2019.1583512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Katz SJ, Byrne S. Cognitive Bridging: Using Strategic Communication To Connect Abstract Goals With The Means To Achieve Them. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:484-499. [PMID: 29377726 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1428848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three studies test several mechanisms of cognitive bridging, or how a strategic communication message functions to connect the abstract goal of an individual with the specific means to achieve the goal. Across all of the experiments (n = 276, n = 209, n = 145), it was demonstrated that participants who received an induced bridging mechanism were more likely to produce cognitive bridging outputs and report more abstract responses than participants who did not receive a bridging technique. We do not find the same pattern of results among participants who received an integrated bridging technique. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that how abstractly or concretely an individual is thinking can be influenced by abstraction cues planted within a strategic message, providing promise for messaging efforts at the moment of decision. In other words, the level of abstract thinking an individual is carrying into an exposure situation is possible to change using cues within the message itself. This is the first article to juxtapose the induced and integrated mechanisms of cognitive bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri Jean Katz
- a Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication , University of Minnesota
| | - Sahara Byrne
- b Department of Communication , Cornell University
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Abstract Construal Level and its Link to Self-Control and to Cross-Situational Consistency in Self-Concept: Predicting Health-Risk Behavioral Intentions. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 21:E47. [PMID: 30355389 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2018.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
From a dispositional perspective, we extend the action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987) and construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to cross-situational consistency of self and self-control. Two studies examined the relationships among the abstract mindset (Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), cross-situational consistency in self-concept (Vignoles et al., 2016), and self-control (Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone 2004). In Study 1, participants (N = 725) characterized by high cross-situational consistency showed more abstraction in their thinking (p < .001, ηp2 = .17). In Study 2 (N = 244) cross-situational consistency and self-control explained 10% of construal level, with self-control being a significant predictor (p < .001). Construal level and cross-situational consistency explained 17% of self-control; both were significant predictors (p < .001). Self-control explained 8% of cross-situational consistency (p < .001). Study 2 showed that participants with higher levels of abstraction, cross-situational consistency, and self-control reported a greater intention to control their future sugar intake (p < .001). Data supported relationships among abstract construal level, cross-situational consistency and self-control.
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Carrera P, Muñoz D, Fernández I, Caballero A. Abstractness and Messages Describing Consequences Promote Healthier Behavioral Intentions. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 152:515-527. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1486801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Eekhof LS, Eerland A, Willems RM. Readers’ Insensitivity to Tense Revealed: No Differences in Mental Simulation During Reading of Present and Past Tense Stories. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of mental simulation during literary reading has long been recognized, we know little about the factors that determine when, what, and how much readers mentally simulate. Here we investigate the influence of a specific text characteristic, namely verb tense (present vs. past), on mental simulation during literary reading. Verbs usually denote the actions and events that take place in narratives and hence it is hypothesized that verb tense will influence the amount of mental simulation elicited in readers. Although the present tense is traditionally considered to be more “vivid”, this study is one of the first to experimentally assess this claim. We recorded eye-movements while subjects read stories in the past or present tense and collected data regarding self-reported levels of mental simulation, transportation and appreciation. We found no influence of tense on any of the offline measures. The eye-tracking data showed a slightly more complex pattern. Although we did not find a main effect of sensorimotor simulation content on reading times, we were able to link the degree to which subjects slowed down when reading simulation eliciting content to offline measures of attention and transportation, but this effect did not interact with the tense of the story. Unexpectedly, we found a main effect of tense on reading times per word, with past tense stories eliciting longer first fixation durations and gaze durations. However, we were unable to link this effect to any of the offline measures. In sum, this study suggests that tense does not play a substantial role in the process of mental simulation elicited by literary stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Eekhof
- Centre for Language Studies, Faculty of Arts, Radboud University Nijmegen, NL
| | - Anita Eerland
- Department of Languages, Literature, and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NL
| | - Roel M. Willems
- Centre for Language Studies, Faculty of Arts, Radboud University Nijmegen, NL
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NL
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, NL
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Borovoi L, Rezlescu C, Vlaev I. The psychological construal of health behaviors. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers research on attitudes and attitude change published between 2010 and 2017. We characterize this period as one of significant progress toward an understanding of how attitudes form and change in three critical contexts. The first context is the person, as attitudes change in connection to values, general goals, language, emotions, and human development. The second context is social relationships, which link attitude change to the communicator of persuasive messages, social media, and culture. The third context is sociohistorical and highlights the influence of unique events, including sociopolitical, economic, and climatic occurrences. In conclusion, many important recent findings reflect the fact that holism, with a focus on situating attitudes within their personal, social, and historical contexts, has become the zeitgeist of attitude research during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Albarracin
- Department of Psychology and Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61822; ,
| | - Sharon Shavitt
- Department of Psychology and Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61822; ,
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Newman DS, Guiney MC, Barrett CA. LANGUAGE IN CONSULTATION: THE EFFECT OF AFFECT AND VERB TENSE. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carrera P, Caballero A, Fernández I, Muñoz D. Abstractness leads people to base their behavioral intentions on desired attitudes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carrera P, Caballero A, Muñoz D, González-Iraizoz M, Fernández I. Construal level as a moderator of the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in the prediction of health-risk behavioural intentions. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:773-91. [DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carrera
- Social and Methodology Department; Faculty of Psychology; Autonomous University of Madrid; Spain
| | - Amparo Caballero
- Social and Methodology Department; Faculty of Psychology; Autonomous University of Madrid; Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoz
- Social and Methodology Department; Faculty of Psychology; Autonomous University of Madrid; Spain
| | - Marta González-Iraizoz
- Social and Methodology Department; Faculty of Psychology; Autonomous University of Madrid; Spain
| | - Itziar Fernández
- Social and Organizational Psychology Department; Faculty of Psychology; Spanish University for Distance Teaching; Madrid Spain
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Carrera P, Muñoz D, Caballero A, Fernández I, Aguilar P, Albarracín D. How verb tense affects the construal of action: The simple past tense leads people into an abstract mindset. PSICOLOGICA : REVISTA DE METODOLOGIA Y PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL 2014; 35:209-223. [PMID: 30147213 PMCID: PMC6103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments examined the influence of verb tense on how abstractly people construe action representations. Experiment 1 revealed that written descriptions of several daily events using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense) resulted in actions and the action's target being seen as less likely and less familiar, respectively. In Experiment 2 participants wrote about a personal episode of binge drinking (using the simple past tense vs. simple present tense), and the resulting narratives were coded using the Linguistic Category Model (see Semin & Fiedler, 1991). Results revealed that events were described at a more abstract level when texts were written using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense). The results are discussed in the context of other effects of verb form and in relation to construal level of events.
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