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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. A Heteroatom-Containing Functional Poly(Silylenevinylene): Synthesis, Anion Binding, and Sensing of Anion Extraction Processes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300527. [PMID: 37990851 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrosilylation is one of the important synthetic approaches to prepare functional organosilicon polymers. Herein, a functional silicon copolymer is constructed by polyhydrosilylation reaction between a novel 3,7-bis(dimethyl silane)-10-(2-ethylhexyl)-10H-phenothiazine monomer and a neutral tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, namely, 5,5,10,15,15,20-hexamethyl-10α, 20α-bis(4-[ethynylphenyl]) calix[4]pyrrole. The as-constructed copolymer (Mn = 9609, PDI = 2.2) is investigated as an extractant for organic anions as their tetrabutylammonium salts under interfacial aqueous-organic (water-chloroform) conditions. In this context, a distinctive naked-eye colorimetric as well as fluorescence detection method is developed based on anion-directed hydrogen-bonding interactions. This kind of color/fluorescence monitoring serves as a handy tool for rapid screening of anion extraction processes. The copolymer exhibits high selectivity toward extraction of chloride anion. This study augments the field of polycarbosilanes, poly(silylenevinylene)s in particular, allowing access to a new application window that can be further advanced with good grace in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Priyadarshini Government Girls P. G. College of Commerce, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Beppu S, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Recyclable Polycarbosilane from a Biomass-Derived Bifuran-Based Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:536-542. [PMID: 37031467 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most fundamental principles for the development of next-generation polymers are production from renewable biomass and well-designed recyclability. Bifuran derivatives represent promising building blocks for functional polymers on account of their high rigidity, strong interchain interactions, and extended π-conjugation. In this study, a polycarbosilane containing a bifuran-based repeat unit was prepared via the hydrosilylation of dihydrosilylbifuran and 1,5-hexadiene. The crystallinity and thermal properties of the bifuran-containing polycarbosilane were superior to those of a corresponding polycarbosilane containing a single-furan-based repeat unit and comparable to those of the benzene-based analogue due to the rigidity and interchain interactions of the poly(bifurancarbosilane) unit. The bifuran moiety in the repeat unit causes a red-shift and strong UV absorption of the polycarbosilane compared to that containing the single-furan-based and benzene-based repeat units. The bifuran moiety also renders the resulting polycarbosilane strongly fluorescent, while the polycarbosilanes containing the benzene-based and single-furan-ring-based repeat units did not emit fluorescence. These desirable photoproperties result from the extension of the σ-π conjugation in the repeat unit. Furthermore, the chemical recyclability is a unique and attractive property of the bifuran-based polycarbosilane; upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, bifuran can be regenerated as the monomer, while trifluoroacetate silane can be up-cycled to the corresponding polysiloxane. Thus, the bifuran motif endows polycarbosilane with improved thermal, optical, and recycling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Beppu
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuya Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasuya
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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Ackley BJ, Martin KL, Key TS, Clarkson CM, Bowen JJ, Posey ND, Ponder JF, Apostolov ZD, Cinibulk MK, Pruyn TL, Dickerson MB. Advances in the Synthesis of Preceramic Polymers for the Formation of Silicon-Based and Ultrahigh-Temperature Non-Oxide Ceramics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4188-4236. [PMID: 37015056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Preceramic polymers (PCPs) are a group of specialty macromolecules that serve as precursors for generating inorganics, including ceramic carbides, nitrides, and borides. PCPs represent interesting synthetic challenges for chemists due to the elements incorporated into their structure. This group of polymers is also of interest to engineers as PCPs enable the processing of polymer-derived ceramic products including high-performance ceramic fibers and composites. These finished ceramic materials are of growing significance for applications that experience extreme operating environments (e.g., aerospace propulsion and high-speed atmospheric flight). This Review provides an overview of advances in the synthesis and postpolymerization modification of macromolecules forming nonoxide ceramics. These PCPs include polycarbosilanes, polysilanes, polysilazanes, and precursors for ultrahigh-temperature ceramics. Following our review of PCP synthetic chemistry, we provide examples of the application and processing of these polymers, including their use in fiber spinning, composite fabrication, and additive manufacturing. The principal objective of this Review is to provide a resource that bridges the disciplines of synthetic chemistry and ceramic engineering while providing both insights and inspiration for future collaborative work that will ultimately drive the PCP field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Ackley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, 1270 N. Fairfield Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Kara L Martin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Thomas S Key
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Caitlyn M Clarkson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- NRC Research Associateship Programs, The National Academies, Washington, District of Columbia 20001, United States
| | - John J Bowen
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Nicholas D Posey
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - James F Ponder
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Zlatomir D Apostolov
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael K Cinibulk
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Timothy L Pruyn
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthew B Dickerson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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Formation of ZrC-SiC Composites from the Molecular Scale through the Synthesis of Multielement Polymers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143901. [PMID: 34300819 PMCID: PMC8306986 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the field of non-oxide ceramic composites, and by using the polymer-derived ceramic route, understanding the relationship between the thermal behaviour of the preceramic polymers and their structure, leading to the mechanisms involved, is crucial. To investigate the role of Zr on the fabrication of ZrC-SiC composites, linear or hyperbranched polycarbosilanes and polyzirconocarbosilanes were synthesised through either "click-chemistry" or hydrosilylation reactions. Then, the thermal behaviours of these polymeric structures were considered, notably to understand the impact of Zr on the thermal path going to the composites. The inorganic materials were characterised by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To link the macromolecular structure to the organisation involved during the ceramisation process, eight temperature domains were highlighted on the TG analyses, and a four-step mechanism was proposed for the polymers synthesised by a hydrosilylation reaction, as they displayed better ceramic yields. Globally, the introduction of Zr in the polymer had several effects on the temperature fragmentation mechanisms of the organometallic polymeric structures: (i) instead of stepwise mass losses, continuous fragment release prevailed; (ii) the stability of preceramic polymers was impacted, with relatively good ceramic yields; (iii) it modulated the chemical composition of the generated composites as it led, inter alia, to the consumption of free carbon.
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Piriou C, Viers L, Lucas R, Bouzat F, Laadoua H, Champavier Y, Foucaud S, Coelho C, Babonneau F. Rheological and thermal behaviours of a hyperbranched polycarbosilane. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Viers
- Université de Limoges; IRCER, UMR 7315 F-87068 Limoges France
| | - Romain Lucas
- Université de Limoges; IRCER, UMR 7315 F-87068 Limoges France
| | - Fabien Bouzat
- Université de Limoges; IRCER, UMR 7315 F-87068 Limoges France
| | - Hatim Laadoua
- Université de Limoges; IRCER, UMR 7315 F-87068 Limoges France
| | - Yves Champavier
- BISCEm, Service de RMN, CBRS; rue Bernard Descottes F-87025 Limoges France
| | - Sylvie Foucaud
- Université de Limoges; IRCER, UMR 7315 F-87068 Limoges France
| | - Cristina Coelho
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Paris-Centre; FR2482 F-75005 Paris France
| | - Florence Babonneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP; F-75005 Paris France
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Liu S, Zhou Q, Peng Z, Song N, Ni L. Silicon alkyne hybrid polymers containing Si–H and Si–CH 3. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317698546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A silicon-containing polymer (HMSA), synthesized with n-BuLi, trichloroethylene, dichloromethylsilane, and dimethyldichlorosilane, with three different proportions of Si–H, and its influence on thermal oxidation have been studied. The structures of HMSA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), 13C-NMR, 29Si-NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Thermal and oxidative stabilities were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the cross-linking reaction mechanisms of the HMSA were discussed. All the polymers exhibited excellent thermal and oxidation resistance; particularly, HMSA-1 showed high heat-resistant and thermo-oxidative stability; the temperatures of 5% weight loss ( Td5) were 636.3 and 645.5°C, and the residues at 1000°C were 87.07 and 86.23% in nitrogen and air, respectively. This system had excellent thermal and oxidative stability, and through the structure design, control of heat oxidation resistance was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhong Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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