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Mendoza FJ, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara CA, De Las Heras A, Perez-Ecija A. Hemodynamic Response to Lipopolysaccharide Infusion and Effect of Meloxicam Administration on Cardiac Function in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3660. [PMID: 39765564 PMCID: PMC11672460 DOI: 10.3390/ani14243660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in donkeys is observed to be secondary to colic, diarrhea or pleuropneumonia, among other disorders. Horses with SIRS develop secondary disturbances such as hyperlipemia, laminitis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and hemodynamic and cardiac derangements, which impair their prognosis and increase the mortality rate. In donkeys, no information is available on the effect of experimentally induced endotoxemia in the cardiovascular system. Acute experimental endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in six healthy adult non-pregnant jennies. Physical signs, arterial (systolic, diastolic and mean) and central venous pressure were monitored during 360 min. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were measured in blood samples, and echocardiography was performed. LPS infusion caused an increase in cTnI, hypotension and diminution of central venous pressure, cardiac dysfunction, with a decrease in stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index, and impairment of ultrasonographic ventricular function parameters. Intravenous meloxicam administration prevented the cTnI increase, hypotension, diminution of SV and CO, and changes in ultrasonographic parameters related to ventricular dysfunction. Thus, meloxicam could be proposed as an effective therapeutical option to control the hemodynamic and cardiac derangements observed in donkeys with SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Mendoza
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain (A.P.-E.)
| | - Antonio Buzon-Cuevas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain (A.P.-E.)
| | | | | | - Adelaida De Las Heras
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain (A.P.-E.)
| | - Alejandro Perez-Ecija
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain (A.P.-E.)
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Bozzola C, Guffanti I, Ortolina A, Bronzo V, Zucca E. Influence of age, sex, bodyweight, and training on echocardiographic measurements in healthy mixed-breed donkeys. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:3339-3347. [PMID: 38967743 PMCID: PMC11442595 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The donkey has always been a notable working animal and its importance as a companion animal has been growing over the last few years. However, there are only a few studies about cardiology in this species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of age, sex, training, and bodyweight on cardiac dimension in mixed-breed donkeys. Forty-five clinically and para-clinically healthy mixed-breed donkeys were included, and B-mode and M-mode echocardiographic measurements were recorded. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of age, sex, bodyweight, and training on cardiac measurements. Most of the echocardiographic measurements showed a strong statistically significant correlation with bodyweight. Linear regression analysis between echocardiographic measurements and bodyweight was performed to obtain the values of the intercept and slope of the linear equation to calculate the echocardiographic measurements as a function of bodyweight. This is the first study reporting a strong linear correlation between echocardiographic measurements and bodyweight and reporting a correlation between training and echocardiographic parameters in donkeys, suggesting that this variable should be considered when assessing cardiac dimensions in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bozzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Enrica Zucca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
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Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050861. [PMID: 36899718 PMCID: PMC10000045 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys are scarce in the literature; hence, this study was performed to describe the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements in Pega breed donkeys. The objectives of this study were to describe and illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys used for reproduction. Fifty Pega breed donkeys were evaluated, with an average age of 3.4 years and with 20 males and 30 females. In each animal, the electrocardiographic examination at rest was performed using the TEB® computerized system, and the echocardiographic examination was performed using an ultrasound device with a Doppler function multifrequency sectorial transducer in 2D mode (Sonosite® M turbo). Standardizing the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for the Pega breed donkey can contribute to future assessments regarding possible changes that excessive effort can promote in these parameters to a management engrossed on animal welfare.
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Xue C, Cavanaugh SM. Echocardiographic findings of a donkey (Equus asinus) jenny with suspected mitral valve dysplasia. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 111:103871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ibrahim HMM, Abouelnasr KS, Hamed MA, Eltayesh RA, El-Khodery SA. Comparative Effect of Epidural Administration of Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine on Echocardiographic Dimensions and Cardiac Indices in Clinically Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus). J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 85:102882. [PMID: 31952632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the changes of the echocardiographic dimensions and cardiac function indices after epidural injection of xylazine or dexmedetomidine in clinically healthy donkeys. In an experimental prospective randomized cross-over study, 10 healthy adult donkeys were injected with saline solution, xylazine (0.20 mg kg-1), and dexmedetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1) into the epidural space between the second and third coccygeal vertebrae. Echocardiographic dimensions as well as cardiac function indices were assessed using a 2-3.9 MHz sector transducer, at the left paracostal ultrasonographic window, at zero, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after administration of these medications. Epidural injection of xylazine or dexmedetomidine produced moderate sedation, complete bilateral perineal analgesia, and mild ataxia in all studied donkeys. There was a significant (P < .05) decrease in the interventricular septum thickness at end systole 60 minutes, stroke volume 30-120 minutes, fractional shortening 120 minutes, and ejection fraction 90-120 minutes after administration of xylazine or dexmedetomidine when compared with saline solution. Left ventricular end diastolic volume was significantly (P < .05) increased 60 minutes following epidural injection of dexmedetomidine compared with xylazine and saline solution. There was a significant (P < .05) increase in the left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole 90-120 minutes and left ventricular end systolic volume 60-180 minutes after administration of xylazine or dexmedetomidine in comparison with saline solution. In conclusion, epidural use of xylazine or dexmedetomidine in donkeys induced mild and transient effect on echocardiographic dimensions as well as cardiac function indices. Therefore, care should be taken when such medications are to be administered into the epidural space in donkeys with a pre-anesthetic cardiovascular compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam M M Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Khaled S Abouelnasr
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hamed
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Eltayesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Khodery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Kelm NQ, Beare JE, Yuan F, George M, Shofner CM, Keller BB, Hoying JB, LeBlanc AJ. Adipose-derived cells improve left ventricular diastolic function and increase microvascular perfusion in advanced age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202934. [PMID: 30142193 PMCID: PMC6108481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An early manifestation of coronary artery disease in advanced age is the development of microvascular dysfunction leading to deficits in diastolic function. Our lab has previously shown that epicardial treatment with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) preserves microvascular function following coronary ischemia in a young rodent model. Follow-up studies showed intravenous (i.v.) delivery of SVF allows the cells to migrate to the walls of small vessels and reset vasomotor tone. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that the i.v. cell injection of SVF would reverse the coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with aging in a rodent model. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 4 groups: young control (YC), old control (OC), old + rat aortic endothelial cells (O+EC) and old + GFP+ SVF cells (O+SVF). After four weeks, cardiac function and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were measured via echocardiography, and hearts were explanted either for histology or isolation of coronary arterioles for vessel reactivity studies. In a subgroup of animals, microspheres were injected during resting and dobutamine-stimulated conditions to measure coronary blood flow. GFP+ SVF cells engrafted and persisted in the myocardium and coronary vasculature four weeks following i.v. injection. Echocardiography showed age-related diastolic dysfunction without accompanying systolic dysfunction; diastolic function was improved in old rats after SVF treatment. Ultrasound and microsphere data both showed increased stimulated coronary blood flow in O+SVF rats compared to OC and O+EC, while isolated vessel reactivity was mostly unchanged. I.v.-injected SVF cells were capable of incorporating into the vasculature of the aging heart and are shown in this study to improve CFR and diastolic function in a model of advanced age. Importantly, SVF injection did not lead to arrhythmias or increased mortality in aged rats. SVF cells provide an autologous cell therapy option for treatment of microvascular and cardiac dysfunction in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Q. Kelm
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Monika George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Shofner
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - James B. Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Mendoza FJ, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A. Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [PMCID: PMC7125788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are scarcely reported in donkeys, probably linked to their limited athletic attitude and low frequency of poor performance-related examinations. Reports on treatments for cardiovascular pathologies are anecdotal in donkeys. Respiratory tract anatomy shows important differences between horses and donkeys. Donkeys and mules can act as reservoirs spreading many viral, bacterial, and parasitic infectious respiratory diseases. Mosquito and tick-borne encephalitis have been reported in these species in the later years, and even donkeys are being used as sentinels in some areas to detect these emerging diseases. Management and treatment of lithiases can be transferable from horses; however, the same assumption must still be demonstrated for acute and chronic renal diseases. Ocular pathologies are similar to horses, with corneal ulcers frequently observed. Lameness is a common problem in donkeys, with laminitis as the most reported cause followed by pedal abscess. Donkeys are different to horses. Numerous physiological and clinicopathologic idiosyncrasies are reported in horses. Data published for horses should not be extrapolated for donkeys. Specific reference ranges, doses, and protocols have to be used for donkeys.
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Torad FA, Amer MS, Shamaa AA, Elsherpieny EA. Echocardiographic measurements and indices in normal adult buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1190733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Torad
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. S. Amer
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. A. Shamaa
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - E. A. Elsherpieny
- Institute of Statistical Studies & Research (ISSR), Cairo University, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Roberts SL, Dukes-McEwan J. Assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations. Vet Rec 2016; 179:384. [PMID: 27534982 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Roberts
- SLR Cardiology Referrals; Plumpton Farm, Pecket Well Hebden Bridge West Yorkshire HX7 8QU UK
| | - J. Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE UK
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Roberts SL, Dukes-McEwan J. Echocardiographic reference ranges for sedentary donkeys in the UK. Vet Rec 2016; 179:332. [PMID: 27539939 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Roberts
- SLR Cardiology Referrals, Plumpton Farm; Pecket Well Hebden Bridge West Yorkshire HX7 8QU UK
| | - J. Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE UK
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Youssef MA, Ibrahim HM, Farag ESM, El-Khodery SA. Effects of Tilmicosin Phosphate Administration on Echocardiographic Parameters in Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus): An Experimental Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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