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Szponder T, Latalski M, Danielewicz A, Krać K, Kozera A, Drzewiecka B, Nguyen Ngoc D, Dobko D, Wessely-Szponder J. Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and New Regenerative Therapies. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010005. [PMID: 36614806 PMCID: PMC9821671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease resulting in a progressive loss of articular cartilage structure and function that is most common in middle-aged and older patients. OA is involved in the loss of extracellular matrix and cartilage as well as cell number decreases within the matrix, especially in the further stages of the disease. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of this condition. Both humoral and cellular mediators contribute to cartilage destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, synovitis, and joint effusion. The increasing prevalence of this disease has led to a growing interest in using animal models as the primary way to broaden the knowledge of the pathogenesis of OA and possible therapies at each stage of disease development. This review aims to describe the signs, pathogenesis, and classification of OA as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some animal models. The currently used treatment methods include mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, gene therapies, and blood-derived products. In addition, exogenous growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet lysate, and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) are discussed with the application of tissue engineering techniques and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children’s Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Children’s Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krać
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kozera
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Drzewiecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Nguyen Ngoc
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Dobko
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Dehydration risk factors and outcomes in older people in rural areas. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine the risk factors for dehydration in elderly people in one of Elbehira Governorate’s villages.
Methods: A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted at Elnemaria village, Markaz Abo Elmatamir, Elbehira Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected using 3 tools: a structured interviewing questionnaire, a dehydration knowledge questionnaire, and a dehydration risk appraisal checklist.
Results: The study found that 29.5% of the participants were aged between 65 and 70. Males constituted 51% of the study participants. The majority of the study participants regularly took anti-acids, anti-inflammatory drugs, and diuretics. Among the elderlies comprising the respondents, 40% had a low level of knowledge regarding dehydration. More than half of the study subjects were at moderate risk for dehydration.
Conclusions: The study showed that half of the participants had diabetes and a medium level of information about dehydration. The study also showed in general that the elderly in the village are exposed to a moderate dehydration rate, and there is also a strong relationship between taking different types of medication and the occurrence of dehydration.
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Relationship Between Neutrophil Activity, Oxidative Stress, Acute Phase Response, and Lameness Grade in Naturally Occurring Acute and Chronic Joint Disorders in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 88:102972. [PMID: 32303320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that in horses with naturally occurring joint disorders, the neutrophil response, acute phase response (APR), and oxidative stress parameters elevated significantly and are markers of increased inflammatory response in these conditions. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to evaluate neutrophil response, oxidative status, and APR. The neutrophil activity was assessed on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and alkaline phosphatase release, whereas free radical generation was assessed on the basis of nitric oxide and superoxide production. Acute phase response was estimated on the basis of fibrinogen or haptoglobin plasma concentration and oxidative stress on the basis of malondialdehyde plasma concentration. Then, these parameters were compared with lameness grade, and correlation coefficients between them were calculated. The study was conducted on 43 horses divided on control group of healthy horses (n = 17), acute lameness (AL) group (11 horses), and chronic lameness (CL) group (15 horses). The neutrophil activity from horses of both groups of joint disorders (AL and CL) was significantly (P < .01) higher in comparison with healthy horses. Elastase release was 67.28 ± 1.89% of maximal activity in AL group in comparison with 51.72 ± 1.75% in healthy horses and 62.61 ± 1.54% in CL group. The highest values of other enzymes were also noted in AL group. Moreover, in AL group release of elastase and MPO positively correlated (P < .01) with grades of lameness. These findings revealed the mutual relation between studied parameters and obtained results may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of acute and chronic joint disorders in horses.
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Sánchez-Aparicio P, Florán B, Rodríguez Velázquez D, Ibancovichi JA, Varela Guerrero JA, Recillas S. Cannabinoids CB2 Receptors, One New Promising Drug Target for Chronic and Degenerative Pain Conditions in Equine Veterinary Patients. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 85:102880. [PMID: 31952645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarticular equine disease is a common cause of malady; in general, its therapy is supported on steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories. Nevertheless, many side effects may develop when these drugs are administered. Nowadays, the use of new alternatives for this pathology attention is demanded; in that sense, cannabinoid CB2 agonists may represent a novel alternative. Cannabinoid belongs to a group of molecules known by their psychoactive properties; they are synthetized by the Cannabis sativa plant, better known as marijuana. The aim of this study was to contribute to understand the pharmacology of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and its potential utilization on equine veterinary patients with a chronic degenerative painful condition. In animals, two main receptors for cannabinoids are recognized, the cannabinoid receptor type 1 and the cannabinoid receptor type 2. Once they are activated, both receptors exert a wide range of physiological responses, as nociception modulation. Recently, it has been proposed the use of synthetic cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonists; those receptors looks to confer antinociceptive properties but without the undesired psychoactive side effects; for that reason, veterinary patients, whit chronical degenerative diseases as osteoarthritis may alleviate one of the most common symptom, the pain, which in some cases for several reasons, as patient individualities, or side effects produced for more conventional treatments cannot be attended in the best way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sánchez-Aparicio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Biofísica y Neurociencia, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Recillas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México, Mexico.
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