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Zhang T, Zhao R, Liu W, Liu Q, Zhang L, Hu H. Dynamic changes of potato characteristics during traditional freeze-thaw dehydration processing. Food Chem 2022; 389:133069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lüttringhaus S, Pradel W, Suarez V, Manrique-Carpintero NC, Anglin NL, Ellis D, Hareau G, Jamora N, Smale M, Gómez R. Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2021; 2:45. [PMID: 34870239 PMCID: PMC8626715 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-021-00065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are not only crucial for food security and sustenance in Andean communities but are also deeply rooted in the local culture. The crop originated in the Andes, and while a great diversity of potato persists, some landraces have been lost. Local communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center (CIP) partnered to re-establish some of these landraces in situ by supplying clean seed potatoes to farmers. Over time, the genebank formalized a repatriation program of potato landraces. Repatriation is the process of returning native germplasm back to its place of origin, allowing a dynamic exchange between ex situ and in situ conditions. So far, no comprehensive description of CIP's repatriation program, the changes it induced, nor its benefits, has been carried out. METHODS We addressed this research gap by analyzing CIP genebank distribution data for repatriated accessions, conducting structured interviews with experts of the repatriation program, and applying duration and benefit analyses to a survey dataset of 301 households. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2020, 14,950 samples, representing 1519 accessions, were distributed to 135 communities in Peru. While most households (56%) abandoned the repatriated material by the fourth year after receiving it, the in situ survival probability of the remaining material stabilized between 36% in year 5 and 18% in year 15. Households where the plot manager was over 60 years old were more likely to grow the repatriated landraces for longer periods of times. While male plot management decreased survival times compared to female plot management, higher levels of education, labor force, wealth, food insecurity, and geographic location in the southern part of Peru were associated with greater survival times. Most farmers reported nutritional and cultural benefits as reasons for maintaining landrace material. Repatriated potatoes enabled farmers to conserve potato diversity, and hence, re-establish and broaden culinary diversity and traditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to apply an economic model to analyze the duration of in situ landrace cultivation by custodian farmers. We provide an evidence base that describes the vast scope of the program and its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lüttringhaus
- Genebank Impacts Fellow, CGIAR Genebank Platform, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Sustainable Land Use and Climate Change, Department of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Willy Pradel
- Social and Health Sciences and Innovation Systems. International Potato Center, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Víctor Suarez
- Social and Health Sciences and Innovation Systems. International Potato Center, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero
- International Potato Center, Program for Conserving Biodiversity for the Future, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Noelle L. Anglin
- International Potato Center, Program for Conserving Biodiversity for the Future, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
- USDA ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research, Pacific West Area, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA
| | - David Ellis
- International Potato Center, Program for Conserving Biodiversity for the Future, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Guy Hareau
- Social and Health Sciences and Innovation Systems. International Potato Center, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Nelissa Jamora
- Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust), Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melinda Smale
- Michigan State University, 446 W. Circle Dr., Rm 219, Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing, MI 48824-1039 USA
| | - Rene Gómez
- International Potato Center, Program for Conserving Biodiversity for the Future, Av. La Universidad 1895, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru
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The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management Across Farming Landscapes. LAND 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/land8110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming agriculture and presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato (Solanum spp.). To monitor the use and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across agricultural land-use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two landscapes of Peru’s central Andes: A highland plateau (Huancavelica) compared to an eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar groups: (i) Bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were used to survey 323 households and the 1101 potato fields they managed in 2012–2013. We compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975–1985 altimeter data from the International Potato Center. Intensification is occurring in each landscape while maintaining high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production for sale compared to consumption significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated landscapes. Most landraces were scarce across households: 45.4% in Huancavelica and 61.7% in Pasco. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.
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Tamasi G, Cambi M, Gaggelli N, Autino A, Cresti M, Cini R. The content of selected minerals and vitamin C for potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber Valley area, southeast Tuscany. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lazarte CE, Carlsson NG, Almgren A, Sandberg AS, Granfeldt Y. Phytate, zinc, iron and calcium content of common Bolivian food, and implications for mineral bioavailability. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Haan S, Burgos G, Ccanto R, Arcos J, Scurrah M, Salas E, Bonierbale M. Effect of production environment, genotype and process on the mineral content of native bitter potato cultivars converted into white chuño. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2098-2105. [PMID: 22278409 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variables and interaction effects affecting the mineral concentration of Andean bitter potatoes converted into so-called white chuño are unknown. We report on the effect of three contrasting production environments (E) on the dry matter (DM), zinc, iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium concentration of four potato native bitter genotypes (G) processed (P) into two different 'types' of white chuño. RESULTS The DM content and iron, calcium, magnesium and sodium concentration of white chuño are significantly dependent on E, G, P, and E × G × P interaction (predominantly at P < 0.01). In particular, the DM content and calcium concentration are influenced by all variables and possible interaction effects. The zinc and potassium concentration are not significantly dependent on E × G, G × P or E × G × P interaction effects, while the phosphorus concentration is not significantly affected by the G × P or E × G × P interaction effect. Zinc, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decrease in the ranges of 48.3-81.5%, 61.2-73.0% and 62.0-89.7% respectively. The decrease in potassium is particularly severe, with 122- to 330-fold losses. Iron and calcium increase by 11.2-45.6% and 74.5-714.9% respectively. CONCLUSION E, G, P, and various interaction effects influence the mineral concentration of traditionally processed tubers. We speculate that mineral losses are caused by leaching, while increases of iron and calcium are a likely result of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef de Haan
- Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvement Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru.
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Peñarrieta JM, Salluca T, Tejeda L, Alvarado JA, Bergenståhl B. Changes in phenolic antioxidants during chuño production (traditional Andean freeze and sun-dried potato). J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsukakoshi Y, Yasui A. The use of summary statistics for sample size allocation for food composition surveys and an application to the potato group. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 62:671-7. [PMID: 21561389 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.567977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To give a quantitative guide to sample size allocation for developing sampling designs for a food composition survey, we discuss sampling strategies that consider the importance of each food; namely, consumption or production, variability of composition, and the restrictions within the available resources for sample collection and analysis are considered., Here we consider two strategies: 'proportional' and 'Neyman' are discussed. Both of these incorporate consumed quantity of foods, and we review some available statistics for allocation issues. The Neyman optimal strategy allocates less sample size for starch than proportional, because the former incorporates variability in the composition. Those strategies improved accuracy in dietary nutrient intake more than equal sample size allocation. Those strategies will be useful as we often face sample size allocation problems, wherein we decide whether to sample 'five white potatoes and five taros or nine white and one taros'. Allocating sufficient sample size for important foodstuffs is essential in assuring data quality. Nevertheless, the food composition table should be as comprehensive as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsukakoshi
- Analytical Science Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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