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Nayak N, Bhujle RR, Nanje-Gowda N, Chakraborty S, Siliveru K, Subbiah J, Brennan C. Advances in the novel and green-assisted techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from millets: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30921. [PMID: 38784533 PMCID: PMC11112340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Millets are rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, and have the potential to combat malnutrition and various diseases. However, extracting these bioactive compounds can be challenging, as conventional methods are energy-intensive and can lead to thermal degradation. Green-assisted techniques have emerged as promising methods for sustainable and efficient extraction. This review explores recent trends in employing green-assisted techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from millets, and potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective is to evaluate and comprehend the parameters involved in different extraction methods, including energy efficiency, extraction yield, and the preservation of compound quality. The potential synergies achieved by integrating multiple extraction methods, and optimizing extraction efficiency for millet applications are also discussed. Among several, Ultrasound and Microwave-assisted extraction stand out for their rapidity, although there is a need for further research in the context of minor millets. Enzyme-assisted extraction, with its low energy input and ability to handle complex matrices, holds significant potential. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, despite being a non-thermal approach, requires further optimization for millet-specific applications, are few highlights. The review emphasizes the importance of considering specific compound characteristics, extraction efficiency, purity requirements, and operational costs when selecting an ideal technique. Ongoing research aims to optimize novel extraction processes for millets and their byproducts, offering promising applications in the development of millet-based nutraceutical food products. Therefore, the current study benefits researchers and industries to advance extraction research and develop efficient, sustainable, and scalable techniques to extract bioactive compounds from millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nayak
- Department of Food Technology, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan Rajendraji Bhujle
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - N.A. Nanje-Gowda
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Snehasis Chakraborty
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, AR, USA
| | - Charles Brennan
- STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Kewuyemi YO, Adebo OA. Complementary nutritional and health promoting constituents in germinated and probiotic fermented flours from cowpea, sorghum and orange fleshed sweet potato. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1987. [PMID: 38263382 PMCID: PMC10806186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Germination and fermentation are age-long food processes that beneficially improve food composition. Biological modulation by germination and probiotic fermentation of cowpea, sorghum, and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and subsequent effects on the physicochemical (pH and total titratable acidity), nutritional, antinutritional factors and health-promoting constituents/properties (insoluble dietary fibres, total flavonoid and phenolic contents (TFC and TPC) and antioxidant capacity) of the derived flours were investigated in this study. The quantification of targeted compounds (organic acids and phenolic compounds) on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system was also done. The whole cowpea and sorghum were germinated at 35 °C for 48 h. On the other hand, the milled whole grains and beans and OFSP were fermented using probiotic mesophilic culture at 35 °C for 48 h. Among the resultant bioprocessed flours, fermented sorghum and sweet potato (FSF and FSP) showed mild acidity, increased TPC, and improved ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power. While FSF had better slowly digestible and resistant starches and the lowest oxalate content, FSP indicated better hemicellulose, lowest fat, highest luteolin, caffeic and vanillic acids. Germinated cowpea flour exhibited reduced tannin, better lactic acid, the highest crude fibre, cellulose, lignin, protein, fumaric, L-ascorbic, trans-ferulic and sinapic acids. The comparable and complementary variations suggest the considerable influence of the substrate types, followed by the specific processing-based hydrolysis and biochemical transitions. Thus, compositing the bioprocessed flours based on the unique constituent features for developing functional products from climate-smart edibles may partly be the driver to ameliorating linked risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olamide Kewuyemi
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Sharma R, Sharma S, Bhandari M, Bobade H, Sohu RS, Singh B. Characterization of bioprocessed white and red sorghum flours: Anti-nutritional and bioactive compounds, functional properties, molecular, and morphological features. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37421348 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current investigation, white and red sorghum grains were exposed to bioprocessing techniques, such as soaking, germination, fermentation, and dual processing (both germination and fermentation). Germination and fermentation resulted in improved bioactive profile attributing to better antioxidant activity, whereas a reduction in antinutrient components was observed. On the other hand, soaking had decreased phenolic components and anti-nutritional factors attributing to their leaching in the soaking water. A significant change in the functional properties and color profile was also observed on bioprocessing. It also caused alterations in the morphological structure of the starch-protein matrix and molecular interactions of certain functional groups that reveal the synthesis of certain new bioactive compounds in the flour. The alterations in the bioprocessed flours occurred due to the structural breakdown attributing to the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that were activated during the processing treatments. Bioprocessing was also responsible for the degradation of the starch granules and unfolding of the protein matrix, thus altering the in vitro nutrient digestibility of the flours. Principal component analysis was used to authenticate the differences between different treatments and observations recorded. These bioprocessed flours could be potential ingredients for several valorized cereal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Bhandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Hanuman Bobade
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - R S Sohu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Sharma N, Sahu JK, Bansal V, Esua OJ, Rana S, Bhardwaj A, Punia Bangar S, Adedeji AA. Trends in millet and pseudomillet proteins - Characterization, processing and food applications. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112310. [PMID: 36737904 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Millets are small-seeded crops which have been well adopted globally owing to their high concentration of macro and micronutrients such as protein, dietary fibre, essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Considering their climate resilience and potential role in nutritional and health security, the year 2023 has been declared as 'International Year of Millets' by the United Nations. Cereals being the major nutrient vehicle for a majority population, and proteins being the second most abundant nutrient in millets, these grains can be a suitable alternative for plant-based proteins. Therefore, this review was written with an aim to succinctly provide an overview of the available literature take on the characterization, processing and applications of millet-based proteins. This information would play an important role in realizing the research gap restricting the utilization of complete potential of millet proteins. This can be further used by researchers and food industries for understanding the scope of millet proteins as an ingredient for novel food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Jatindra K Sahu
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh 160 010, India
| | - Okon Johnson Esua
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo 520101, Nigeria; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Sudha Rana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Aastha Bhardwaj
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, 29631, USA
| | - Akinbode A Adedeji
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Sharma R, Bhandari M, Sharma S, Bhardwaj R. Compositional, structural and functional characteristics of millets as modified by bioprocessing techniques: a review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Manisha Bhandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Ruchika Bhardwaj
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
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Bhandari M, Sharma R, Sharma S. Macromolecular–structural interactions and phytochemical constituents of therapeutic herbs in pasta altered the functional properties, cooking profile and
in vitro
starch and protein digestibility. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bhandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
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