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Bahreini N, Saghafi-Asl M, Nikpayam O, Safaei E, Sadra V, Fakhr L, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Asgharian P, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of dried okra extract on lipid profile, renal function and some RAGE-related inflammatory genes expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2024; 81:103027. [PMID: 38336011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) is reported to have anti-diabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dried okra extract (DOE) supplementation on lipid profile, renal function indices, and expression of inflammatory genes, as well as serum level of soluble Receptor for Advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in patients with DN. METHODS In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 64 eligible patients with DN received either 125 mg of DOE or placebo daily along with DN-related nutritional recommendations for 10 weeks. Changes in kidney indices including proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lipid profile, serum SRAGE, as well as the expression of RAGE, ICAM-1, and IL-1 genes were measured over 10 weeks. RESULTS After adjustment for the potential confounders, between-group analyses showed no significant differences in terms of lipid profile, kidney function indices, sRAGE, and RAGE-related inflammatory genes expression after 10 weeks. CONCLUSION Daily 125 mg DOE along with nutritional recommendations on top of usual care did not lead to significant changes in renal function indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory genes expression in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Bahreini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ehsan Safaei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Sadra
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Fakhr
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, VIC 3144, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia; Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fouda K, Mohamed RS. Molecular docking and in vivo protective effects of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) against metabolic dysfunction in high-fat, high-sodium diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:3566-3582. [PMID: 38466075 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) have been used as a functional vegetable as they contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, and other bioactive molecules that protect the body from several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to look at the involvement of okra constituents (mucilage and flesh) in the prevention of metabolic dysfunctions induced in a rat model by a high-fat, high-salt (HF/NaCl) diet. Okra mucilage was extracted using an ultrasonic method, freeze-dried, characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tested for swelling ratio and radical scavenging activity. Okra flesh (skin and seeds) was separated from pods; characterized using SEM; and tested for dietary fiber content, phenolic profile, and radical scavenging activity. The significance of okra bioactive compounds in inhibiting human salivary amylase, glutamine : fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was investigated using molecular docking. Rats were fed an HF/NaCl diet and orally treated daily with freeze-dried okra mucilage or flesh (100 mg per kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, inflammatory indicators (CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin 6), oxidative markers (red blood cell lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase), lipid profile, estradiol, feces lipids as well as femur and urine calcium were measured. The molecular docking findings showed the interaction of quercetin and chlorogenic acid, which are the most abundant phenolic compounds in okra pods, with the studied proteins, which gives an indication of the mechanism of okra's anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Okra mucilage and flesh significantly reduced glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and urine calcium levels while significantly increasing feces lipid and femur calcium levels. The findings suggested that okra mucilage and flesh seem to be promising candidates for protection against metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Fouda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha S Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Nikpayam O, Saghafi-Asl M, Safaei E, Bahreyni N, Sadra V, Asgharian P. The effect of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Okra) extract supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation, kidney function and expression of PPAR- α, PPAR- γ, TGF- β and Nrf-2 genes in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:648-657. [PMID: 37840235 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of okra extract supplementation on kidney function, glycaemic control, inflammation and gene expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). A total of sixty-four DN patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this triple-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a 125-mg capsule of dried okra extract (DOE) (n 32) or placebo (n 32) for 10 weeks. At the baseline and endpoint of the trial, kidney function, glycaemic indices, inflammation and gene expression were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed that fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance significantly reduced in the DOE group although between-group analysis did not show any significant difference. Also, no significant difference was observed in urine protein, urine creatinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. Furthermore, gene expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, transforming growth factor-beta and Nrf-2 did not affect the end of the trial in comparison with the baseline. According to the present study, DOE did not have impressive effects on kidney function, inflammation, glycaemic management and gene expression in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Nikpayam
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Safaei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazgol Bahreyni
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Sadra
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Coban SN, Polatoglu I, Eroglu E. Methyl cellulose/okra mucilage composite films, functionalized with Hypericum perforatum oil and gentamicin, as a potential wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127757. [PMID: 38287573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the development of functional wound dressings enriched with bioactive natural compounds to improve the quality of life of the population by accelerating the healing process of chronic wounds. In this regard, a functional composite film of okra mucilage (OM) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with Hypericum perforatum oil (Hp) and gentamicin (G) was prepared and characterized as a wound dressing. Increasing Hp resulted in improved film properties with a more porous structure, higher WVTR, and lower surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, incorporating Hp into OM:MC films led to increased elongation at the break while reducing the tensile strength of the films. The highest values of total antioxidant capacity (1.09-1.16 mM trolox equivalent) and total phenolic content (13.76-16.94 μg GA equivalent mL-1) were measured in the composite films containing the highest Hp concentration (1.5 %). In addition, OM:MC/HpG composite films exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus and prevented the transmission of these bacteria through the films. Hp incorporation reduced the cytotoxic effects of OM:MC films on BJ cells and increased the wound closure rate in vitro. In conclusion, the developed OM:MC/HpG composite film can be a promising candidate as a novel wound dressing with its superior properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Nur Coban
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ilker Polatoglu
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Eroglu
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 45140 Manisa, Turkey.
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He C, Bai L, Liu D, Liu B. Interaction mechanism of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed protein and flavonoids: Fluorescent and 3D-QSAR studies. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101023. [PMID: 38144792 PMCID: PMC10740111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding capacity of 10 flavonoids with okra seed protein (OSP) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The structure of flavonoids had an obvious impact on binding performance. The binding ability of flavanone was lower than that of flavone, isoflavone and dihydrochalcone. The binding capacity of flavonoid glycoside was superior to that of the corresponding flavonoid aglycone. The binding ability was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring. The steric field and electrostatic field model constructed by 3D-QSAR method could well explain the above interaction behavior. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the quenching mechanism of OSP caused by flavonoids was static quenching, and the binding-site number was 1. In addition, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force dominated this interaction. The 3D and synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that there was no significant change in the polarity of the environment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues during binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Daqun Liu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Tavakolizadeh M, Peyrovi S, Ghasemi-Moghaddam H, Bahadori A, Mohkami Z, Sotoudeh M, Ziaee M. Clinical efficacy and safety of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1685-1695. [PMID: 37507536 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The recent trend toward the use of natural functional and medical supplements has motivated the focus on the search and revival of traditional medicinal plant applications for many years. As a valuable dietary crop, okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal food. This clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the okra pod capsule as an adjuvant treatment in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus and provide clinical trial-based evidence about its anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS A total of 100 type II diabetic patients, aged between 40 and 60 years, were randomly assigned into two groups of okra and placebo. The first group was administered 1000 mg of powdered okra fruit three times a day for 3 months, while the other group received a placebo capsule with the same dosage. Both groups continued the standard antidiabetic therapy (consisting of metformin and gliclazide, as well as a nutritional regimen). At the start and three months later, various factors were measured, including FBG, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, CRP, liver and renal function tests, blood pressure, and BMI changes. RESULTS According to the results, patients who received okra treatment exhibited a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when compared to both the baseline and the placebo group. Patients in the okra group have lower levels of hs-CRP compared with the placebo group after 3 months of treatment. No liver, kidney, and blood pressure or other side effects were observed in the groups associated with okra treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that adjunctive consumption of okra, in type 2 diabetic patients with 1000 mg three times a day for three months, improves lipid profile, glycemic control, and chronic inflammation without any tangible adverse effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY IRCT.Ir (IRCT20120112008712N2). https://www.irct.ir/trial/42042 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Tavakolizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeid Peyrovi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Ali Bahadori
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Zeynab Mohkami
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sotoudeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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Mokgalaboni K, Lebelo SL, Modjadji P, Ghaffary S. Okra ameliorates hyperglycaemia in pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical evidence. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1132650. [PMID: 37077817 PMCID: PMC10107009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the use of available pharmaceutical drugs, high rates of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disorders are alarming. This calls for alternative therapies that can attenuate these complications. Therefore, we investigated the beneficial effects of okra on glycaemic control in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).Methods: MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for relevant studies. Collected data were analysed using RevMan and reported as mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Eight studies, including 331 patients with pre-diabetes or T2D, were eligible.Results: Our findings showed that okra treatment reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose: mean difference (MD) = −14.63 mg/dL; 95% CI (-25.25, −4.00, p = 0.007); I2 = 33%, p = 0.17 compared to placebo. Glycated haemoglobin, however, did not differ significantly between the groups: MD = 0.01%; 95%CI (-0.51, 0.54, p = 0.96); I2 = 23%, p = 0.28.Conclusion: this systematic review and meta-analysis found that okra treatment improves glycaemic control in patients with pre-diabetes or T2D. The findings suggest that okra may be used as a supplemental dietary nutrient, especially in pre-diabetic and T2D patients due to its potential to regulate hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Kabelo Mokgalaboni, ; Saba Ghaffary,
| | - Sogolo Lucky Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Saba Ghaffary
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Kabelo Mokgalaboni, ; Saba Ghaffary,
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Yang D, Lew HL, Mak YY, Ou SJL, Lim JA, Lu Y, Seah CLY, Tan MQH, Huang D, Tai ES, Liu MH. Incorporation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seed powder into fresh rice noodles with tapioca starch improves postprandial glycemia, insulinemia and satiety in healthy human volunteers. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Inhibition mechanisms of wounded okra on the α-glucosidase/α-amylase. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Pod Extract Revealed Antagonistic Effect against the Synergistic Antidiabetic Activity of Metformin and Acarbose upon Concomitant Administration in Glucose-Induced Hyperglycemic Mice. Biologics 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics2020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, commonly known as okra, is one of the most widely used vegetable crops currently used for diabetes treatment as well. It is thought that the large amount of soluble dietary fibers present in okra is responsible for the slowing of the absorption of glucose from the gut. However, its role in concomitant administration with commonly prescribed medications, including metformin (MET) and acarbose (ACR) for diabetes, is unclear. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of A. esculentus pod extract (AEE) administered concomitantly with MET and ACR in the glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice model. The AEE was prepared using green okra pods. In this experiment, each male Swiss Webster mouse was administered a 2.5 gm/kg/BW dose of glucose via gastric lavage to induce hyperglycemia. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: (i) negative control, (ii) positive control, (iii) MET only, (iv) MET and ACR, and (v) MET, ACR, and AEE. The orally administered doses of the MET, ACR, and the extract were 150 mg/kg/BW, 15 mg/kg/BW, and 0.2 mL/kg/BW, respectively. We found that MET only and a combination of MET and ACR reduced glucose levels significantly (p < 0.01) compared to the positive control. On the other hand, when MET, ACR, and AEE were administered simultaneously, the synergistic antihyperglycemic action of the MET and ACR was diminished. After 150 min, the blood glucose level was 4.50 ± 0.189 mmol/L (iv) and 6.58 ± 0.172 mmol/L (v). This study suggests that taking AEE concurrently with MET and ACR would reduce the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs; thereby, concomitant administration of these antidiabetic agents is not recommended. This study provides an essential basis for decision-making about the consumption of AEE with conventional medicine. Further study is required to find the molecular insight of drug interactions in combination therapy of medicinal plants for diabetes.
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