Application of Nigella sativa as a functional food in diabetes and related complications: Insights on molecular, cellular, and metabolic effects

A comprehensive review of scientifically reported phytochemicals to manage allodynia in chronic diabetes complications

BACKGROUND

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications is increasing, impacting both developed and developing nations. One common complication is neuropathy and neuropathic pain, which often manifests as symptoms such as allodynia-a condition where patients experience pain from non-painful stimuli.

OBJECTIVE

This review seeks to explore scientifically validated medicinal plants and phytochemicals, presenting the findings in an organized format based on published literature.

METHODOLOGY

Data were searched in pubmed literature and only the scientifically reported phytochemicals were considered to include in this review.

KEY FINDINGS

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved many medications targeting the root causes of neuropathy. Instead, various strategies are employed to manage the symptoms of allodynia. Research on plant-based ethno-pharmaceuticals aims to address the symptoms without affecting the disease's progression, which involves the gradual loss of nerve fibres from the extremities. This article delves into allodynia's different forms, implications, and underlying signalling mechanisms.

CONCLUSION

The hope is that further research on phytochemicals could lead to the development of therapies for managing various forms of allodynia in diabetic patients.