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Tolomeu HV, Fraga CAM. Imidazole: Synthesis, Functionalization and Physicochemical Properties of a Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020838. [PMID: 36677894 PMCID: PMC9865940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole was first synthesized by Heinrich Debus in 1858 and was obtained by the reaction of glyoxal and formaldehyde in ammonia, initially called glyoxaline. The current literature provides much information about the synthesis, functionalization, physicochemical characteristics and biological role of imidazole. Imidazole is a structure that, despite being small, has a unique chemical complexity. It is a nucleus that is very practical and versatile in its construction/functionalization and can be considered a rich source of chemical diversity. Imidazole acts in extremely important processes for the maintenance of living organisms, such as catalysis in enzymatic processes. Imidazole-based compounds with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antituberculosis, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, antimalarial, anticancer, antidepressant and many others make up the therapeutic arsenal and new bioactive compounds proposed in the most diverse works. The interest and importance of imidazole-containing analogs in the field of medicinal chemistry is remarkable, and the understanding from the development of the first blockbuster drug cimetidine explores all the chemical and biological concepts of imidazole in the context of research and development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heber Victor Tolomeu
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-39386447
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Yang H, Lu SN, Chen Z, Wu XF. Silver-Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides for the Synthesis of 5-(Trifluoromethyl)imidazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4361-4370. [PMID: 33615797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A silver-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides for the rapid assembly of 5-(trifluoromethyl)imidazoles has been developed. Notable features of the reaction include readily accessible reagents, a broad substrate scope, and high efficiency. The protocol can be successfully applied to construct the analogue of the specific allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors. The silver species could be recycled by a simple operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ning Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Hu S, Yang H, Chen Z, Wu XF. Base-mediated [3+2] annulation of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and isocyanides: An improved approach for regioselective synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-imidazoles. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zheng X, Ma Z, Zhang D. Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Medicinal Molecules Utilizing the van Leusen Imidazole Synthesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030037. [PMID: 32138202 PMCID: PMC7151684 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole and its derivatives are one of the most vital and universal heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Owing to their special structural features, these compounds exhibit a widespread spectrum of significant pharmacological or biological activities, and are widely researched and applied by pharmaceutical companies for drug discovery. The van Leusen reaction based on tosylmethylisocyanides (TosMICs) is one of the most appropriate strategies to synthetize imidazole-based medicinal molecules, which has been increasingly developed on account of its advantages. In this review, we summarize the recent developments of the chemical synthesis and bioactivity of imidazole-containing medicinal small molecules, utilizing the van Leusen imidazole synthesis from 1977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhengning Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8783-6471
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Bunev AS, Varakina EV, Khochenkov DA, Peregudov AS. 1-Imidoyl-1,2,3-benzotriazoles—Novel Reagents for the Synthesis of 1-Aryl-5-trifluoromethylimidazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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He W, Zhao A, Zou J, Luo X, Lin X, Wang L, Lin C. Synthesis, in vitro coagulation activities and molecular docking studies on three L-histidine amide derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma H, Zhang X, Chen L, Yu W. A Domino Azidation/C–H Amination Approach toward Trifluoromethyl Substituted Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11841-11847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Wang H, Kumar RK, Yu Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liao P, Bi X. Silver-Catalyzed Isocyanide-Isocyanide [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition Involving 1,2-Group Migration: Efficient Synthesis of Trisubstituted lmidazoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2841-2845. [PMID: 27459607 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle that is widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The isocyanide-isocyanide [3+2] cross-cycloaddition reaction constitutes a straightforward method to access imidazoles starting from the easily available chemicals. So far, only three successive reports are known and all lead to the formation of 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles. Here, we report the first isocyanide-isocyanide [3+2] cross-cycloaddition reaction allowing for the formation of 1,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under silver catalysis. An unexpected 1,2-migration of sulfonyl, alkoxycaybonyl, and carbamoyl groups took place during the cyclization process that is responsible for the formation of trisubstituted imidazoles. This report displayed a mechanistically novel synthetic method toward a variety of imidazole derivatives, which are otherwise difficult to access by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rapolu Kiran Kumar
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peiqiu Liao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Str. 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Sadjadi S, Heravi MM, Nazari N. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we update our previous presentation, underscoring the recent applications of isocyanides as privileged synthons in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds, especially focused on those synthesizedviamulticomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samahe Sadjadi
- Gas Conversion Department
- Faculty of Petrochemicals
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Niousha Nazari
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
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Kaur T, Wadhwa P, Sharma A. Arylsulfonylmethyl isocyanides: a novel paradigm in organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC), an α-acidic isocyanide has emerged as a privileged reagent to access biologically relevant fused heterocycles and some natural products like (−)-ushikulide A, variolin B, porphobilinogen and mansouramycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Preeti Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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