1
|
Smeets M, Koohbor B, Youssef G. Quasi-Static Mechanical Response of Density-Graded Polyurea Elastomeric Foams. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:2840-2851. [PMID: 37090421 PMCID: PMC10112387 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Density gradation of foam structures has been investigated and found to be a practical approach to improve the mechanical efficacy of protective padding in several applications based on nature-based evidence of effectiveness. This research aims to disclose a discrete gradation approach without adhesives by relying on the properties of the frothed foam slurry to bond and penetrate through previously cured foam sheets naturally. As confirmed by electron microscopy observations, bilayer- and trilayer-graded elastomeric polyurea foam sheets were fabricated, resulting in seamless interfaces. The mechanical performance of seamless, graded foam samples was compared with monolayer, mono-density benchmark foam, considered the industry standard for impact mitigation. All foam samples were submitted to compressive loading at a quasi-static rate, reporting key performance indicators (KPIs) such as specific energy absorption, efficiency, and ideality. Polyurea foams, irrespective of gradation and interface type, outperformed benchmark foam in several KPIs despite the drastic difference in the effective or average density. The average compressive stress-strain curves were fitted into empirical constitutive models to reveal critical insights into the elastic, plateau, and densification behaviors of the tested foam configuration. The novelty of these outcomes includes (1) a fabrication approach to adhesive-free density-graded foam structures, (2) implementation of a diverse set of KPIs to assess the mechanical efficacy of foams, and (3) elucidation of the superiority of polyurea foam-based lightweight protective paddings. Future research will focus on assessing the dynamic performance of these graded foam structures under impact loading conditions at a wide range of velocities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Smeets
- Experimental
Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 921821, United States
| | - Behrad Koohbor
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental
Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 921821, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Characterization techniques comparison towards a better understanding of different cork-based stoppers types. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Branco D, Santiago C, Cabrita L, Evtuguin DV. Improving the Industrial Practice of Reactive Washing of Cork Stoppers Using a Fractional Factorial Design. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10901-10909. [PMID: 35415326 PMCID: PMC8991918 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive washing (RW) is a key process for disinfecting, purifying, and bleaching of cork stoppers to seal bottles with alcoholic beverages. Excessively severe treatment conditions deteriorate the surface properties of cork stoppers and must be strictly controlled. In this study, the conventional RW of natural cork stoppers was optimized employing a fractional factorial design. The RW variables (H2O2 and NaOH concentrations, oxidation time, and washing water volume) were correlated with the final ISO brightness of the stoppers. A three-level and four-factor fractional factorial design within the response surface methodology approach allowed a quadratic model to predict the process response, where the H2O2 concentration is the variable with the highest response (ISO brightness), followed by the NaOH concentration. The model obtained was validated, allowing the optimization of the process with savings of 37% in the concentration of H2O2 and 33% in the concentration of NaOH and volume of washing water, without deteriorating the final appearance of the stoppers. In addition, the less severe treatment of stoppers under optimized conditions led to less degradation of their surface, thus favoring the receptivity to functional coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana
G. Branco
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santiago
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Cabrita
- Amorim
Cork S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liger-Belair G, Cilindre C. Recent Progress in the Analytical Chemistry of Champagne and Sparkling Wines. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:21-46. [PMID: 34014763 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The strong interplay between the various parameters at play in a bottle and in a glass of champagne or sparkling wine has been the subject of study for about two decades. After a brief overview of the history of champagne and sparkling wines, this article presents the key steps involved in the traditional method leading to the production of premium modern-day sparkling wines, with a specific focus on quantification of the dissolved CO2 found in the sealed bottles and in a glass. Moreover, a review of the literature on the various chemical and instrumental approaches used in the analysis of dissolved and gaseous CO2, effervescence, foam, and volatile organic compounds is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Liger-Belair
- Equipe Effervescence Champagne et Applications, Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), CNRS UMR 7331, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; ,
| | - Clara Cilindre
- Equipe Effervescence Champagne et Applications, Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), CNRS UMR 7331, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; ,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry principles aim to minimize the negative impact of analytical procedures in the environment, which can be considered both at close (to ensure the safety of the analysts) and global (to conserve our natural resources) levels. These principles suggest, among other guidelines, the reduction/minimization of the sample treatment and the use of renewable sources when possible. The first aspect is largely fulfilled by microextraction, which is considered to be among the greenest sample treatment techniques. The second consideration is attainable if natural products are used as raw materials for the preparation of new extraction phases. This strategy is in line with the change in our production system, which is being gradually moved from a linear model (take–make–dispose) to a circular one (including reusing and recycling as key terms). This article reviews the potential of natural products as sorbents in extraction and microextraction techniques from the synergic perspectives of two research groups working on the topic. The article covers the use of unmodified natural materials and the modified ones (although the latter has a less green character) to draw a general picture of the usefulness of the materials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Four hundred years of cork imaging: New advances in the characterization of the cork structure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19682. [PMID: 31873094 PMCID: PMC6928211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape, using the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time. With the evolution of imaging techniques, the structure of cork has been analysed with greater accuracy over time. This work presents the latest advances in the characterization of this unique material through a multiscale approach. Such investigation brings new insight into the architecture of cork, particularly the differences between the cells of the phellem and those bordering the lenticels. In the latter case, cell differentiation from the lenticular phellogen was restricted to one cell layer, which leads to a cell wall that is 10 times thicker for lenticels. They also displayed a different chemical composition because of unsuberization and a high lignin content in lenticels. Such advances in the knowledge of the structure and composition of cork cells contributes to a better understanding of the macroporosity of cork, down to the nanoscale.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liger-Belair G, Carvajal-Perez D, Cilindre C, Facque J, Brevot M, Litoux-Desrues F, Chaperon V, Geoffroy R. Evidence for moderate losses of dissolved CO 2 during aging on lees of a champagne prestige cuvee. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Loupiac C, Scussat S, Hélary A, Desert S, Ott F. Neutron imaging and tomography: Applications in food science. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818802001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron imaging and tomography allow observing the structure of large objects (from few to hundred centimeters) at a resolution around 100 μm. This nondestructive method is based on the detection of the transmission of a neutron beam through an object in 2D (imaging) or 3D after rotating the sample (tomography). The components of the object attenuate the neutron beam differently, depending on their composition, and produce accurate pictures of objects which give information about their structure. Neutron imaging has been used for quality control purposes in industries (aircraft, motor engineering...), but also find application from materials sciences (fuel cells, lithium batteries) through earth science (petrology, geology) to cultural heritage. More recently studies have been performed on food science topics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lagorce-Tachon A, Karbowiak T, Simon JM, Gougeon RD, Bellat JP. Rebuttal to "The Permeation of Cork Revisited". JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4185-4188. [PMID: 27132651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lagorce-Tachon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM , 1 esplanade Erasme, 21078 Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin , 1 rue Claude Ladrey, 21078 Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , 9 avenue Alain Savary, B.P. 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Karbowiak
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM , 1 esplanade Erasme, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Simon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , 9 avenue Alain Savary, B.P. 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Régis D Gougeon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM , 1 esplanade Erasme, 21078 Dijon, France
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin , 1 rue Claude Ladrey, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellat
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , 9 avenue Alain Savary, B.P. 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Oliveira V, Lopes P, Cabral M, Pereira H. Influence of cork defects in the oxygen ingress through wine stoppers: Insights with X-ray tomography. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|