Investigation of gastric disintegration of carrot during digestion in vitro by a Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance device

Dynamic water migration and flavor analysis of sea cucumber in the process of Sichuan pepper seasoning soak

Soaking in seasoning solution is the main process of sea cucumber seasoning. This study analyzed the dynamic changes in water migration and flavor substances in sea cucumbers during soaking in a Sichuan pepper solution. It was found that the sea cucumber experienced a process of water absorption followed by water loss during the 0-48 h soaking process. During this period, the flavor compounds in sea cucumbers showed different dynamic trends. A total of 46 volatiles were identified, of which 29 were key flavor compounds. Its flavor profiles tended to stabilize as soaking time increased. m-Xylene, d-Limonene, Eucalyptol, p-Xylene, Sabinene, Beta-Myrcene, and Beta-Phellandrene were the main characteristic substances contributing to the differences in sea cucumber flavor. Correlation analysis predicted the relationship between water migration and the dynamic shifts in flavor compounds. This study provides a crucial reference for future studies on the processing and flavor modulation of sea cucumber products.

Visual Monitoring of Disintegration of Solid Oral Dosage Forms in Simulated Gastric Fluids Using Low-Field NMR Imaging

Compared to traditional drug release monitoring with manual sampling and testing procedures, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) imaging is a one-step, visual, non-destructive, and non-invasive measurement method. Here, we reported the application of LF-NMR to image the morphology, component, sub-diffusion, and spatial distribution of a solid oral formulation, Biyankang tablets, during dissolution in vitro. The drug ingredients with characteristic relaxation times were distinguished and localized based on the signal of standards, such as patchouli oil, Xanthium strumarium extract, and starch. The hydration, swelling, disintegration, and sub-diffusion of tablets in simulated gastric fluids (SGF) were visualized statically. All tablets showed similar expansion (37.4-42.0%) along the direction of thickness at 25 min and reached a full disintegration at 145 min, at pH 1.80-6.15, indicating pH-independent swelling and disintegration. Compared to that static immersion within 20 mL SGF, the tablet disintegration time was shortened by ~ 11% in 30 mL SGF. The application of shear reduced the time by ~ 28%, suggesting a major role of hydrodynamic condition in tablet dissolution. The ability to simultaneously visualize, distinguish, and localize drug ingredients using LF-NMR is expected to provide valuable information to develop drug release monitoring systems in vitro and potentially in vivo using small animal studies.