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Satija K, Anjankar VP. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella flexneri. Cureus 2024; 16:e53276. [PMID: 38435906 PMCID: PMC10905316 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their propensity for causing diarrheal illnesses and their rising susceptibility to antimicrobials, Shigella infections constitute a serious threat to global public health. This extensive study explores the frequency, antibiotic resistance, genetic evolution, and effects of Shigella infections on vulnerable groups. The research covers a wide range of geographical areas and sheds information on how the prevalence of Shigella species is evolving. Shigella strain antimicrobial resistance patterns are thoroughly examined. Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been found to often occur in investigations, especially when older antimicrobials are used. The improper use of antibiotics in China is blamed for the quick emergence of resistance, and variations in resistance rates have been seen across different geographical areas. Shigella strains' genetic makeup can be used to identify emerging trends and horizontal gene transfer's acquisition of resistance genes. Notably, S. sonnei exhibits the capacity to obtain resistance genes from nearby bacteria, increasing its capacity for infection. The study also emphasizes the difficulties in accurately serotyping Shigella strains due to inconsistencies between molecular and conventional serology. These results highlight the necessity of reliable diagnostic methods for monitoring Shigella infections. In conclusion, this study emphasizes how dynamic Shigella infections are, with varying patterns of occurrence, changing resistance landscapes, and genetic adaptability. In addition to tackling the rising problem of antibiotic resistance in Shigella infections, these findings are essential for guiding efforts for disease surveillance, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Satija
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vaibhav P Anjankar
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Molecular Characterization of Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinolone resistant Salmonella serotypes have been reported in recent years and have become increasingly widespread worldwide. Objectives: We evaluated the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study included the Salmonella isolates originated from hospitalized individuals and outpatients in Tehran, Iran. Serotyping of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates was done by slide agglutination method. Then, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of topoisomerase gene gyrA and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was also employed to determine the possible mutation in the gyrA gene of those strains. Mutant strains were detected by enzymatic digestion, and their PCR products were sequenced immediately. Results: Amongst 141 isolates, 60% showed nalidixic acid resistance, whereas none of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The commonly prevalent serotypes were S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis. Of 85 nalidixic acid-resistant strains, 17 (20%) isolates harbored the qnrS gene. However, PCR analysis of the quinolone-resistant strains did not detect qnrA and qnrB genes. PCR-RFLP and sequencing analysis of the QRDRs of the gyrA gene indicated that 16 (18.8%) isolates had mutant patterns, and the most common point mutation was serine to phenylalanine at position 83. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that point mutations in gyrA and the existence of plasmid-mediated gene qnrS were important mechanisms of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from human origin. Other alternative mechanisms of resistance, such as alterations in the expression of efflux pumps, should be studied to provide greater insight into the molecular mechanism of quinolone-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates.
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Zhu Z, Wang W, Cao M, Zhu Q, Ma T, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhou X, Li B, Shi Y, Zhang J. Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 34271864 PMCID: PMC8285881 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The natural hosts of Shigella are typically humans and other primates, but it has been shown that the host range of Shigella has expanded to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a major threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea. Results Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates from Gansun, Shanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet obtained during 2014 to 2016 possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, set1B and stx were 100 %, 100 %, 77.78 %, 79.63 %, 48.15 %, 48.15 and 0 %, respectively. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) based on 8 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MLVA types (MTs), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PFGE types (PTs), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 MLST sequence types (STs). Conclusions The findings from this study enrich our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from calves with diarrhea, which will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding shigellosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02277-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingze Cao
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Tenghe Ma
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Yongying Zhang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Guanhui Liu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Xuzheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, 056038, Handan, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, 730050, Lanzhou, China.
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4
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Mohebi S, Nave HH, Javadi K, Amanati A, Kholdi S, Hadadi M, Hashemizadeh Z, Motamedifar M. Evaluate the distribution of virulence genes and to investigate antibiotic resistance pattern among Shigella species isolated from children with shigellosis in Iran. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Pakbin B, Didban A, Monfared YK, Mahmoudi R, Peymani A, Modabber MR. Antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Shigella species isolated from food and human stool samples in Qazvin, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:144. [PMID: 33865447 PMCID: PMC8052664 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance among Shigella species isolated from food and stool samples. Using cross sectional study method, Shigella spp. were isolated from food and clinical samples using culture-based, biochemical and serological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness among the isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion and RAPD-PCR methods respectively. Results The prevalence of Shigella spp. were 4.84 and 7.7% in food and stool samples respectively. All food isolates were Sh. sonnei. 91.42% of the Shigella stool isolates were Sh. sonnei. 62.5% of food isolates were resistant to tetracycline. 46.8, 50 and 65.8% of clinical isolates were resistant to imipenem, amikacin and azithromycin respectively. 50 and 85.7% of the food and clinical isolates respectively were MDR. Dendrogram generated by RAPD-PCR showed that the isolates from food and stool samples were categorized in a same group. Close genetic relatedness between MDR Shigella isolates from food and clinical samples indicate that foods can be considered as one of the main vehicles for transmission of MDR Shigella to human causing acute diseases. Survey of MDR Shigella among food and clinical samples is strongly suggested to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pakbin
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd., P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran.,Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abdollah Didban
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd., P.O. Box: 34185-754, Qazvin, Iran.
| | | | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Modabber
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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JAFARI-SALES A, SHARİAT A. Antibiotic resistance pattern in Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Tabriz city, Iran. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.859497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Shahin K, Bouzari M, Wang R, Khorasgani MR. Distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and integrons among Shigella spp. isolated from water sources. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 19:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Shahin K, Bouzari M, Wang R, Yazdi M. Prevalence and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Shigella species of food origins and their inactivation by specific lytic bacteriophages. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 305:108252. [PMID: 31276953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shigella spp. can be isolated from various food sources and is responsible for many outbreaks and sporadic cases of foodborne diseases worldwide. Although Shigella species are known as one of the major foodborne pathogens, a few studies have characterized the prevalence and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from food origins. This study investigated the prevalence of Shigella spp. in a wide range of food samples (1400 samples), and the phenotypic and genotypic basis of antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. In addition, the potential of two Shigella specific phages (vB_SflS-ISF001 and vB_SsoS-ISF002) to control the growth of the isolates in food was tested. Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri were detected in 11 (0.8%) and 8 (0.6%) samples, respectively. The highest prevalence of Shigella spp. was observed in vegetables. Multidrug resistance phenotypes were noticeably frequent and observed in 17 isolates (89.5%) out of 19 isolates. Moreover, 13 (68.4%), 9 (47.4%) and 17 (89.5%) isolates were positive for β-lactamase-encoding, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and tetracycline resistance genes, respectively. Treatment with the phages reduced bacterial counts up to 3 and 4 log when used individually or in cocktail form, respectively. The findings of this study indicate the prevalence of Shigella spp. in food sources and also provide useful information for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp.. The results also suggest that the combination of vB_SflS-ISF001 and vB_SsoS-ISF002 phages can effectively reduce contamination of two important species of Shigella in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Shahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Majid Bouzari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Mahsa Yazdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Abbasi E, Abtahi H, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Multidrug-resistant Shigella infection in pediatric patients with diarrhea from central Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1535-1544. [PMID: 31239729 PMCID: PMC6559769 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s203654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Shigella spp. are primary pathogens of diarrhea in children worldwide. Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins is crucial in the management of pediatric shigellosis. We determined the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella species isolated from pediatric patients in central Iran. Materials and methods: Pediatric diarrhea samples (n=230) were cultured on MacConkey and XLD agar media and in GN broth. Genus-specific PCR for ipaH was also used for detection directly from fecal specimens. Antibiotic resistance and the frequency of ESBL and AmpC genes were determined. Results: Out of the 230 samples, 19 (8.2%) cases of Shigella spp. were identified using culture. Twenty-six samples were positive by PCR (11.3%), S. flexneri (4/19; 21%) and S. sonnei (15/19; 78.9%) being the most detected. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for cotrimoxazole (19/19; 100%), ampicillin (16/19; 84.2%), cefixime (13/19; 68.4%) and ceftriaxone (12/19; 63.1%). Ten cases showed phenotypic ESBL presence and all these strains were positive for blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, and blaCTX-M-15. Three strains were AmpC positive, all of which harbored blaCMY-2 and two contained blaCIT. Of the 19 Shigella isolates 5 (26.3%), 2 (10.5%), and 1 (5.2%) were phenotypically resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, respectively. Class 1 integron was found in 18 (94.7%) isolates whereas class 2 integron was found in 19 (100%) strains. Conclusion: We found a considerable presence of Shigella species with elevated antibiotic resistance levels. In particular, the resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (ESBL) and ciprofloxacin must be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Department, BioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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10
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Ranjbar R, Tolon SS, Sami M, Golmohammadi R. Detection of Plasmid-Mediated qnr Genes Among the Clinical Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:248-253. [PMID: 30197698 PMCID: PMC6110078 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacterial agents to cause urinary tract infections. Inappropriate and unnecessary administration of antibiotics has led to an increase in the appearance of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, limiting treatment options. The increase in a number of resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern of health authorities worldwide. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among E. coli isolated from UTIs of patients in Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran province, Iran. Method Clinical urine samples of patients with suspected urinary tract infection were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of urine, microscopic observations and culture analysis, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system. Results In the present study among the 95 isolates, 60 strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. PCR showed that 92 strains were positive for qnrS. The qnrA and qnrB genes were not found among the clinical isolates. Conclusion Our finding indicates a high level of resistance against nalidixic acid among E. coli isolates recovered from the patients with UTI. Also, the high frequency of qnrS imposes the importance of survey of molecular and genetic analysis of mechanisms of quinolone resistance in E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad S Tolon
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Omidvar Panah M, Najafi M, Peymani A. Plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance in clinically important bacteria. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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12
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Zamanlou S, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Aghazadeh M, Ghotaslou R, Babaie F, Khalili Y. Characterization of integrons, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC cephalosporinase, quinolone resistance, and molecular typing of Shigella spp. from Iran. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 50:616-624. [PMID: 29595080 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1455222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wide distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Shigella spp., along with the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistant isolates, is a serious threat to public health, posing a new challenge for the effective treatment of shigellosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of genes encoding resistance to cephalosporins, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) among the clinical isolates of Shigella spp. in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 142 Shigella isolates were collected from different parts of Iran. All of the cephalosporin resistant Shigella strains were selected based on ESBL and AmpC production. The presence of PMQR regions was assessed in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, and genetic relatedness in the isolates was determined. RESULTS Seventy-eight Shigella isolates were found to be resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC). The blaCTX-M15 was the most prevalent cephalosporinase. Four ESBL-producing isolates were also resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among the PMQR regions, aac(6')-lb-cr gene was the most prevalent, as it was seen in 83.3% of the ciprofloxacin resistant isolates, while qnrA was positive in 16.7%. Clonal relatedness showed a limited variety of clones was responsible for Shigella infection in the region studied. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings indicated that a large number of ESBL producing Shigella spp. were mediated mainly by blaCTX-M15. This study is the first report on ciprofloxacin-resistant ESBL-producing Shigella isolates from patients in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Zamanlou
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh
- d Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Younes Khalili
- b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Yaghoubi S, Ranjbar R, Soltan Dallal MM, Shirazi MH, Sharifi-Yazdi MK. Frequency of Mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Shigella Isolates Recovered from Pediatric Patients in Tehran, Iran: An Overlooked Problem. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:699-706. [PMID: 29148915 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in clinical isolates of Shigella species has been increasing reported in recent years. This study was carried out to find the mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants among the clinical isolates of Shigella sp. in Tehran, Iran. A total of 50 Shigella isolates were collected from five teaching therapeutic centers in Tehran, Iran and analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility over a period of 20 months from July 2015 to January 2017. The PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing were used for genetic alterations in the QRDRs. The PMQR genes were detected using PCR. The results revealed four types of mutations in the QRDR of gyrA: 20 (40%) had a S83L mutation, 1 (2%) had a S83A mutation, 2 (4%) had a D87G mutation, and 1 (2%) isolate had a D87Y mutation. Mutations were also found at codon N57D, D200N, and E210K in three isolates. Seven hospitalized children had qnrS determinants, and one isolates had the mutation S83A, while two isolates had double mutations at S83L and/or D87G (Ser83Leu and Asp-87Gly). The PMQR gene-positive isolates had the single replacement of serine with leucine. In hospitalized children, two isolates had two types of PMQR determinants (qnrS and qnrA) and (qnrS and qnrB) at once. The results of this study indicate that the emergence of strains with mutations in the QRDR regions and the capture of PMQR determinants in strains may lead to failure in therapy with FQ and the widespread emergence of strains with high-level FQ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Yaghoubi
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- 2 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,3 Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
- 1 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Sharifi-Yazdi
- 4 Zoonosis Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,5 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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14
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Malehmir S, Ranjbar R, Harzandi N. The Molecular Study of Antibiotic Resistance to Quinolones in Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:189-194. [PMID: 29151995 PMCID: PMC5678238 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Salmonella is known as one of the most important causes of gastrointestinal disease in the world. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are used successfully in the treatment of salmonellosis particularly for infections that have become resistant to several antibiotics. But non-susceptible isolates to quinolones have been reported in several countries. The data are limited about the prevalence of quinolone-resistant isolates in our country. Therefore, this study investigated the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolated in Children's Medical Center in Tehran during 2014-2015. Methods and Materials: Salmonella isolates were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening of Salmonella strains resistant to quinolones were performed according to the CLSI guidelines. The molecular investigation was done using specific primers for detection of qnr genes including: qnrA, qnrB and qnrS, by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Overall, 92 (66.6%) strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. None of the strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Out of the 92 nalidixic acid resistant strains, 52 (56.52%) harbored qnrS genes, 15 strains (16.30%) had both qnrA and qnrS genes. Two (1.1%) isolates were positive for qnrB gene. Twenty four (26.08%) nalidixic acid resistant isolates did not have any qnr qens. Conclusion: The results of this study show high prevalence of resistance to nalidixic and qnr genes in Salmonella isolates. Plasmid nature of this type of resistance poses an increased risk of dissemination of quinolone resistance between Salmonella and non-Salmonella isolates circulating in hospitals environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Malehmir
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Harzandi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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15
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Yaghoubi S, Ranjbar R, Dallal MMS, Fard SY, Shirazi MH, Mahmoudi M. Profiling of Virulence-associated Factors in Shigella Species Isolated from Acute Pediatric Diarrheal Samples in Tehran, Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:220-226. [PMID: 28781945 PMCID: PMC5525559 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genus Shigella comprises the most infectious and diarrheagenic bacteria causing severe diseases, mostly in children under five years of age. This study aimed to detect nine virulence genes (ipaBCD, VirA, sen, set1A, set1B, ial, ipaH, stx, and sat) in Shigella species (spp.) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) and to determine the relation of Shigella spp. from pediatric diarrheal samples with hospitalization and bloody diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Shigella spp. were isolated and identified using standard microbiological and serological methods. The virulence genes were detected using MPCR. RESULTS Seventy-five Shigella spp. (40 S. sonnei, 33 S. flexneri, 1 S. dysenteriae, and 1 S. boydii) were isolated in this study. The prevalence of ial, sen, sat, set1A, and set1B was 74.7%, 45.4%, 28%, 24%, and 24%, respectively. All S. flexneri isolates, while no S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, or S. boydii isolates, contained sat, set1A, and set1B. All isolates were positive for ipaH, ipaBCD, and virA, while one (1.4%) of the isolates contained stx. The highest prevalence of virulence determinants was found in S. flexneri serotype IIa. Nineteen (57.6%) of 33 S. flexneri isolates were positive for ipaBCD, ipaH, virA, ial, and sat. The sen determinants were found to be statistically significantly associated with hospitalization and bloody diarrhea (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed a high prevalence of enterotoxin genes in S. flexneri, especially in serotype 2a, and has presented relations between a few clinical features of shigellosis and numerous virulence determinants of clinical isolates of Shigella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Yaghoubi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yasliani Fard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Mahmoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Nasrabadi Z, Ranjbar R, Poorali F, Sarshar M. Detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens by oligonucleotide array hybridization. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4405-4411. [PMID: 28713514 PMCID: PMC5498707 DOI: 10.19082/4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple foodborne bacterial pathogens is important for the prevention of foodborne illnesses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA sequences as targets for simultaneous detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens. METHODS Nineteen bacterial oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and applied to nylon membranes. Digoxygenin labeled 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA from bacteria were amplified by PCR using universal primers, and the amplicons were hybridized to the membrane array. Hybridization signals were visualized by NBT/BCIP color development. RESULTS The eight intestinal bacterial pathogens including Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis were appropriately detected in a panel of oligonucleotide array hybridization. The experimental results showed that the method could discriminate the bacterial pathogens successfully. The sensitivity of oligonucleotide array was 103 CFU/ml. CONCLUSION This study showed that 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA genes had sufficient sequence diversity for species identification and were useful for monitoring the populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, results obtained in this study revealed that oligonucleotide array hybridization had a powerful capability to detect and identify the bacterial pathogens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nasrabadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Poorali
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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