Endométriose ombilicale chez les femmes sans antécédents chirurgicaux

Umbilical Endometriosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Pathogenic Theory Proposal

Umbilical endometriosis represents 30–40% of abdominal wall endometriosis and around 0.5–1.0% of all cases of endometriosis. The aim of this systematic review is to revisit the epidemiology, signs, and symptoms and to formulate a pathogenic theory based on literature data. We performed a systematic literature review using the PubMed and Embase databases from 1 January 1950 to 7 February 2021, according to the PRISMA guidelines. The review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021239670). Studies were selected if they reported original data on umbilical endometriosis nodule defined at histopathological examination and described as the presence of endometrial glands and/or stromal cells in the connective tissue. A total of 11 studies (10 retrospective and one prospective), and 14 case series were included in the present review. Overall, 232 umbilical endometriosis cases were reported, with the number per study ranging from 1 to 96. Umbilical endometriosis was observed in 76 (20.9%; 95% CI 17.1–25.4) of the women included in studies reporting information on the total number of cases of abdominal wall endometriosis. Umbilical endometriosis was considered a primary form in 68.4% (158/231, 95% CI 62.1–74.1) of cases. A history of endometriosis and previous abdominal surgery were reported in 37.9% (25/66, 95% CI 27.2–49.9) and 31.0% (72/232, 95% CI 25.4–37.3) of cases, respectively. Pain was described in 83% of the women (137/165, 95% CI 76.6–88.0), followed by catamenial symptoms in 83.5% (142/170, 95% CI, 77.2–88.4) and bleeding in 50.9% (89/175, 95% CI 43.5–58.2). In the 148 women followed for a period ranging from three to 92.5 months, seven (4.7%, 95% CI 2.3–9.4) recurrences were observed. The results of this analysis show that umbilical endometriosis represents about 20% of all the abdominal wall endometriotic lesions and that over two thirds of cases are primary umbilical endometriosis forms. Pain and catamenial symptoms are the most common complaints that suggest the diagnosis. Primary umbilical endometriosis may originate from implantation of regurgitated endometrial cells conveyed by the clockwise peritoneal circulation up to the right hemidiaphragm and funneled toward the umbilicus by the falciform and round liver ligaments.

Endométriome ombilical: à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

L’endométriose se définit comme l’implantation de tissu endométrial en dehors de la cavité utérine. Elle touche environ 10% des femmes en âge de procréer. La localisation ombilicale est rare et la physiopathologie mal connue. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 42 ans, nulligeste, aux antécédents de myomectomie 5 ans auparavant, qui présentait une douleur cyclique avec une masse ombilicale dont le diagnostic était en faveur d’un endométriome ombilical, confirmée par l’étude histologique de la pièce de biopsie de la masse. Le traitement a consisté à une exérèse large de la masse associée à une exploration du pelvis et une plastie ombilicale.

Spontaneous intergluteal cleft endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where hormonal-responsive endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus usually within the pelvic cavity. Extra-abdominal endometriosis is less common and may involves the skin. Subcutaneous endometriosis is rare. We report the first case of spontaneous intergluteal cleft endometriosis revealed by pain and bleeding during menstruation.