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Raza Y, Mertens E, Zink L, Lu Z, Doering JA, Wiseman S. Embryonic Exposure to the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Decreases Fertility of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:385-397. [PMID: 37975561 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging contaminants of concern. They are added to a variety of products, including building materials, personal care products, paints, and plastics, to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Despite widespread occurrence in aquatic environments, little is known regarding the effects of BUVSs on aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of exposure to 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-P) on the reproductive success of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonic exposure. Embryos were exposed, by use of microinjection, to UV-P at <1.5 (control), 2.77, and 24.25 ng/g egg, and reared until sexual maturity, when reproductive performance was assessed, following which molecular and biochemical endpoints were analyzed. Exposure to UV-P did not have a significant effect on fecundity. However, there was a significant effect on fertilization success. Using UV-P-exposed males and females, fertility was decreased by 8.75% in the low treatment group and by 15.02% in the high treatment group relative to control. In a reproduction assay with UV-P-exposed males and control females, fertility was decreased by 11.47% in the high treatment group relative to the control. Embryonic exposure to UV-P might have perturbed male sex steroid synthesis as indicated by small changes in blood plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, and small statistically nonsignificant decreases in mRNA abundances of cyp19a1a, cyp11c1, and hsd17b3. In addition, decreased transcript abundances of genes involved in spermatogenesis, such as nanos2 and dazl, were observed. Decreases in later stages of sperm development were observed, suggesting that embryonic exposure to UV-P impaired spematogenesis, resulting in decreased sperm quantity. The present study is the first to demonstrate latent effects of BUVSs, specifically on fish reproduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:385-397. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Mertens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren Zink
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhe Lu
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Jon A Doering
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Dasmahapatra AK, Williams CB, Myla A, Tiwary SK, Tchounwou PB. A systematic review of the evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes) fish. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1272368. [PMID: 38090358 PMCID: PMC10711633 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1272368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an acceptable small laboratory fish model for the evaluation and assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in the environment. In this research, we used this fish as a potential tool for the identification of EDCs that have a significant impact on human health. We conducted an electronic search in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) using the search terms, Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, and endocrine disruptions, and sorted 205 articles consisting of 128 chemicals that showed potential effects on estrogen-androgen-thyroid-steroidogenesis (EATS) pathways of Japanese medaka. From these chemicals, 14 compounds, namely, 17β-estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), tamoxifen (TAM), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17β-trenbolone (TRB), flutamide (FLU), vinclozolin (VIN), triiodothyronine (T3), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), terephthalic acid (TPA), trifloxystrobin (TRF), ketoconazole (KTC), and prochloraz (PCZ), were selected as references and used for the identification of apical endpoints within the EATS modalities. Among these endpoints, during classification, priorities are given to sex reversal (masculinization of females and feminization of males), gonad histology (testis-ova or ovotestis), secondary sex characteristics (anal fin papillae of males), plasma and liver vitellogenin (VTG) contents in males, swim bladder inflation during larval development, hepatic vitellogenin (vtg) and choriogenin (chg) genes in the liver of males, and several genes, including estrogen-androgen-thyroid receptors in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad/thyroid axis (HPG/T). After reviewing 205 articles, we identified 108 (52.68%), 46 (22.43%), 19 (9.26%), 22 (17.18%), and 26 (12.68%) papers that represented studies on estrogen endocrine disruptors (EEDs), androgen endocrine disruptors (AEDs), thyroid endocrine disruptors (TEDs), and/or steroidogenesis modulators (MOS), respectively. Most importantly, among 128 EDCs, 32 (25%), 22 (17.18%), 15 (11.8%), and 14 (10.93%) chemicals were classified as EEDs, AEDs, TEDs, and MOS, respectively. We also identified 43 (33.59%) chemicals as high-priority candidates for tier 2 tests, and 13 chemicals (10.15%) show enough potential to be considered EDCs without any further tier-based studies. Although our literature search was unable to identify the EATS targets of 45 chemicals (35%) studied in 60 (29.26%) of the 205 articles, our approach has sufficient potential to further move the laboratory-based research data on Japanese medaka for applications in regulatory risk assessments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok K. Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Charmonix B. Williams
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Anitha Myla
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Tiwary
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Paul. B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Walsh HL, Gordon SE, Sperry AJ, Kashiwagi M, Mullican J, Blazer VS. A case study: temporal trends of environmental stressors and reproductive health of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from a site in the Potomac River Watershed, Maryland, USA. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1536-1553. [PMID: 36454361 PMCID: PMC9729326 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decades of poor reproductive success and young-of-the-year survival, combined with adult mortality events, have led to a decline in the smallmouth bass (SMB; Micropterus dolomieu) population in sections of the Potomac River. Previous studies have identified numerous biologic and environmental stressors associated with negative effects on SMB health. To better understand the impact of these stressors, this study was conducted at the confluence of Antietam Creek and the Potomac River from 2013 to 2019 to identify temporal changes associated with SMB reproductive health. Surface water samples were collected and analyzed for over 300 organic contaminants, including pesticides, phytoestrogens, pharmaceuticals, hormones and total estrogenicity (E2Eq). Adult SMB were collected and sampled for multiple endpoints, including gene transcripts associated with reproduction (molecular), histopathology (cellular), and organosomatic indices (tissue). In males, biomarkers of estrogenic endocrine disruption, including testicular oocytes (TO) and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) were assessed. Numerous agriculture-related contaminants or land use patterns were associated with gene transcript abundance in both male and female SMB. Positive associations between pesticides in the immediate catchment with TO severity and E2Eq with plasma Vtg in males were identified. In males, the prevalence of TO and detectable levels of plasma Vtg, liver vitellogenin transcripts (vtg) and testis vtg were high throughout the study. Peaks of complex mixtures of numerous contaminants occurred during the spring/early summer when spawning and early development occurs and to a lesser extent in fall/winter during recrudescence. Management practices to reduce exposure during these critical and sensitive periods may enhance reproductive health of these economically important sportfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Adam J Sperry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Michael Kashiwagi
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fishing and Boating Services, 10932 Putman Rd., Thurmont, MD, 21788, USA
| | - John Mullican
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fishing and Boating Services, 20901 Fish Hatchery Rd., Hagerstown, MD, 21740, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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Liu X, Dai S, Wu J, Wei X, Zhou X, Chen M, Tan D, Pu D, Li M, Wang D. Roles of anti-Müllerian hormone and its duplicates in sex determination and germ cell proliferation of Nile tilapia. Genetics 2021; 220:6486528. [PMID: 35100374 PMCID: PMC9208641 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplicates of amh are crucial for fish sex determination and differentiation. In Nile tilapia, unlike in other teleosts, amh is located on X chromosome. The Y chromosome amh (amhΔ-y) is mutated with 5 bp insertion and 233 bp deletion in the coding sequence, and tandem duplicate of amh on Y chromosome (amhy) has been identified as the sex determiner. However, the expression of amh, amhΔ-y, and amhy, their roles in germ cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism of how amhy determines sex is still unclear. In this study, expression and functions of each duplicate were analyzed. Sex reversal occurred only when amhy was mutated as revealed by single, double, and triple mutation of the 3 duplicates in XY fish. Homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish also resulted in sex reversal. Earlier and higher expression of amhy/Amhy was observed in XY gonads compared with amh/Amh during sex determination. Amhy could inhibit the transcription of cyp19a1a through Amhr2/Smads signaling. Loss of cyp19a1a rescued the sex reversal phenotype in XY fish with amhy mutation. Interestingly, mutation of both amh and amhy in XY fish or homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish resulted in infertile females with significantly increased germ cell proliferation. Taken together, these results indicated that up-regulation of amhy during the critical period of sex determination makes it the sex-determining gene, and it functions through repressing cyp19a1a expression via Amhr2/Smads signaling pathway. Amh retained its function in controlling germ cell proliferation as reported in other teleosts, while amhΔ-y was nonfunctionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shengfei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xueyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dejie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deyong Pu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. ; Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. ; Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Liao XL, Chen ZF, Zou T, Lin ZC, Chen XF, Wang Y, Qi Z, Cai Z. Chronic Exposure to Climbazole Induces Oxidative Stress and Sex Hormone Imbalance in the Testes of Male Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2558-2566. [PMID: 34874164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the main active ingredient for the treatment of fungal infections, climbazole (CBZ) is commonly used in a variety of personal care products. After its use, CBZ enters the receiving environment directly or indirectly through domestic sewage. Its concentration can be up to several nanograms per liter in surface water. So far, the effects of CBZ on the reproductive system of female zebrafish have been systematically studied, but the potential toxicity mechanism of CBZ on male zebrafish still needs to be further explored. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg·L-1 for 28 days, and their testes were collected for histological, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, and biochemical analyses. We found that CBZ caused a significantly abnormal metabolism of purine and glutathione and triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish testes, thereby inducing testicular cell apoptosis. In addition, CBZ could inhibit the synthesis of essential sex hormones in the testis and thus reduce the sperm production. The conclusions of this study fill the data gap on the reproductive toxicity of CBZ to male zebrafish and highlight the ecotoxicological application of untargeted metabolomics in the biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhou Q, Chen M, Wang C. Embryonic exposure to fenbuconazole inhibits gametogenesis in adult zebrafish by targeting gonads not brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112967. [PMID: 34773848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fenbuconazole (FBZ) is widely used in agriculture. The current study was conducted to evaluate the influence of embryonic exposure to FBZ on reproduction in adult zebrafish. Embryos were exposed to 5, 50 and 500 ng/L FBZ for 72 h and then raised in clean water until adulthood. The result showed that the percentage of mature gametes was significantly reduced in adult zebrafish. The fertilization rate and survival rate of F1 embryos were decreased when the exposed fish were mated with untreated fish. The transcription of brain gnrh3, fshβ and lhγ in adult fish was upregulated, while the levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone were not significantly changed in all treated groups, indicating that the reproduction-related genes in brain was not responsible for the reduced reproductive ability. The downregulated transcription of fshr, lhr, ar and esr2 in the gonads indicated the dysfunction of Sertoli and Leydig cells. Notably, downregulated transcription and upregulated methylation levels of genes related to germ cells were observed in treated F0 larvae and adult gonads. The elevated methylation levels of piwil1 and dnmt6 in the testes and vasa and dazl in the ovary were matched with the alterations in the expression of these genes, suggesting that germ cells are the main targets of FBZ. These results provide new mechanism underlying reproductive toxicity in fish caused by chemicals, and give potential retroactive biomarkers for monitoring reproductive toxic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jiangwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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Teng J, Zhao Y, Chen HJ, Xue LY, Ji XS. Global expression response of genes in sex-undifferentiated Nile tilapia gonads after exposure to trace letrozole. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112255. [PMID: 33915448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aromatase inhibitor letrozole can be found in rivers, effluents, and even drinking water. Studies have demonstrated that letrozole affects various metabolic pathways and may cause reproductive toxicity, especially in fish exposed during development. However, studies on the effect of a low concentration of letrozole at the whole-gonad transcriptomic level in the early stage of fish sexual development have not been investigated. The aim of our study was to explore the potential effects of a low concentration of letrozole on the gonad transcriptome of Nile tilapia at an early stage of sexual development. In this study, 9 dpf (days postfertilization) Nile tilapia were exposed to trace letrozole for 12 days. Letrozole exposure from 9 dpf to 21 dpf persistently altered phenotypic sex development and induced the male-biased sex ratio. The transcriptome results showed that 1173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in the female control vs 1.5 μg/L letrozole-treated female comparison group and that 1576 DEGs were present in the 1.5 μg/L letrozole-treated female vs male control comparison group. Differentially expressed gene enrichment analysis revealed several crucial pathways, including the drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathway, the ErbB-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and the calcium signalling pathway. Further analysis of these identified DEGs indicated that some key genes correlated with metabolism and epigenetic regulation were significantly affected by letrozole, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (Ugt), glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (Gsto1), lysine-specific demethylase 6bb (Kdm6bb, original name is Kdm6a), jumonji and AT-rich interaction domain containing 2 (Jarid2b, original name is Jarid2), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma (Gadd45g), and chromobox protein 7 (Cbx7). The qRT-PCR validation results for twelve DEGs showed that the Pearson's correlation of the log10fold change values between the qPCR and RNA-Seq results was 0.90, indicating the accuracy and reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Our study is the first to report the effect of letrozole on the transcriptome of gonads from fish during early-stage sexual development. These findings will be useful for understanding the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of letrozole exposure at the early stage of gonad development on the sexual development of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Ju Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Yi Xue
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiang Shan Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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Zou T, Liang YQ, Liao X, Chen XF, Wang T, Song Y, Lin ZC, Qi Z, Chen ZF, Cai Z. Metabolomics reveals the reproductive abnormality in female zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant levels of climbazole. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116665. [PMID: 33581626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climbazole (CBZ) ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment may disrupt fish reproductive function. Thus far, the previous study has focused on its transcriptional impact of steroidogenesis-related genes on zebrafish, but the underlying toxic mechanism still needs further investigation at the metabolic level. In this study, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1 (corresponding to the real concentration in surface water), 10, and 1000 μg/L and evaluated for reproductive function by egg production, with subsequent ovarian tissue samples taken for histology, metabolomics, and other biochemical analysis. After 28 days' exposure, fecundity was significantly decreased in all exposure groups, with the inhibition of oocytes in varying developmental stages to a certain degree. The decrease in retinoic acid and sex hormones, down-regulated genes important in steroidogenesis, and increase in oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and occurrence of apoptotic cells were observed in zebrafish ovaries following exposure to CBZ even at environmentally realistic concentrations, suggesting that alternations in steroidogenesis and oxidative stress can play significant roles in CBZ-triggered reproductive toxicity. Besides, mass spectrometry imaging analysis validated the results from metabolomics analysis. Our findings provide novel perspectives for unveiling the mechanism of reproductive dysfunction by CBZ and highlight its risk to fish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Bhagat J, Singh N, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. A comprehensive review on environmental toxicity of azole compounds to fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128335. [PMID: 33182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azoles are considered as one of the most efficient fungicides for the treatment of humans, animals, and plant fungal pathogens. They are of significant clinical importance as antifungal drugs and are widely used in personal care products, ultraviolet stabilizers, and in aircraft for its anti-corrosive properties. The prevalence of azole compounds in the natural environment and its accumulation in fish raises questions about its impact on aquatic organisms. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review the scientific studies on the effects of azole compounds in fish and to discuss future opportunities for the risk evaluation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect to locate peer-reviewed scientific articles on occurrence, environmental fate, and toxicological impact of azole fungicides on fish. RESULTS Studies included in this review provide ample evidence that azole compounds are not only commonly detected in the natural environment but also cause several detrimental effects on fish. Future studies with environmentally relevant concentrations of azole alone or in combination with other commonly occurring contaminants in a multigenerational study could provide a better understanding. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and studies reporting adverse biological effects of azole on fish, considerable attention is required for better management and effective ecological risk assessment of these emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Nisha Singh
- Environment Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, India.
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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10
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Heyland A, Bastien T, Halliwushka K. Transgenerational reproductive effects of two serotonin reuptake inhibitors after acute exposure in Daphnia magna embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108875. [PMID: 32835857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into aquatic environments has been a major concern for the health of ecosystems. Transgenerational plasticity is a potential mechanism for organisms to respond to changing environmental conditions, including climate change and environmental contaminants. The purpose of the present study was to determine the long-term transgenerational effects of an abundant freshwater zooplankton, Daphnia magna, to acute embryonic exposures of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI - fluoxetine and sertraline). Both SSRIs have been used extensively to treat depression and anxiety disorders for decades and persist in freshwater ecosystems at physiologically relevant concentrations. Our results revealed that even short (72 h) embryonic exposures of D. magna embryos had long lasting consequences on life history and expression of 5HT related genes in the unexposed generation (F3). Moreover, we identified direct effects of SSRIs on heart rate and swimming behavior in the first generation that carried over from embryonic exposure. We also found that SSRI exposure resulted in a transient increase of ephippia formation in the F1 and F2 . Our results suggest that SSRI exposure has transgenerational consequences to the unexposed generation and potentially beyond, even at low concentration (10-100× lower than what can be found in natural ecosystems) and as a result of embryonic exposure. Because of the short reproductive period of D. magna and their integral role in aquatic food webs, these findings have population-level implications and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heyland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Trysta Bastien
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelsey Halliwushka
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Doering JA, Villeneuve DL, Fay KA, Randolph EC, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, LaLone CA, Ankley GT. Differential Sensitivity to In Vitro Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase (CYP19) Activity Among 18 Freshwater Fishes. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:394-403. [PMID: 31099392 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant concern regarding potential impairment of fish reproduction associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aromatase (CYP19) is a steroidogenic enzyme involved in the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase by chemicals can result in reduced concentrations of estrogens leading to adverse reproductive effects. These effects have been extensively investigated in a small number of laboratory model fishes, such as fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). But, differences in sensitivity among species are largely unknown. Therefore, this study took a first step toward understanding potential differences in sensitivity to aromatase inhibitors among fishes. Specifically, a standard in vitro aromatase inhibition assay using subcellular fractions of whole tissue homogenates was used to evaluate the potential sensitivity of 18 phylogenetically diverse species of freshwater fish to the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. Sensitivity to fadrozole ranged by more than 52-fold among these species. Five species were further investigated for sensitivity to up to 4 additional nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, letrozole, imazalil, prochloraz, and propiconazole. Potencies of each of these chemicals relative to fadrozole ranged by up to 2 orders of magnitude among the 5 species. Fathead minnow, Japanese medaka, and zebrafish were among the least sensitive to all the investigated chemicals; therefore, ecological risks of aromatase inhibitors derived from these species might not be adequately protective of more sensitive native fishes. This information could guide more objective ecological risk assessments of native fishes to chemicals that inhibit aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
| | | | - Kellie A Fay
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,Biology Department, University of Minnesota-Duluth
| | - Eric C Randolph
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
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12
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El-Shershaby AEFM, Lashein FEDM, Seleem AA, Ahmed AA. Toxicological potential of penconazole on early embryogenesis of white mice Mus musculus in either pre- or post-implantation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9943-9956. [PMID: 31927727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of penconazole (PEN) fungicide on early embryogenesis of white mice. In the first experiment, 48 pregnant females were divided into different groups; the first group is control (G1). The second group (G2) was treated daily with PEN (30-, 20-, 10-, 5-mg/kg BW). The third group (G3) was treated with PEN (5-mg/kg BW; day after the other day). The fourth group (G4) was treated with PEN (2.5-mg/kg BW daily) during pre-implantation stage (from the 1st to the 4th day of gestation). The fifth group (G5) was treated with PEN (2.5-mg/kg BW daily) during post-implantation (from the 5th to the 8th day of gestation). The pregnant females were sacrificed at the 14th day of gestation. In the second experiment, 63 pregnant females were classified into control, PEN-treated during pre-implantation period (2.5-mg/kg BW), and PEN-administered during post-implantation period (2.5-mg/kg BW). Each group was sacrificed at stages E6.5, E7.5, E8.5, E9.5, E11.5, E14.5, and E18.5. The high doses of PEN in the first experiment showed failed pregnancy, foetoresorption, and embryo disorganization. High doses of PEN induce alterations in the uterus tissue at the level of histology and immunohistochemistry for the expression of TGFβ2, TNFR2, Caspase 10, and HSP70. The low doses of PEN in the second experiment showed upregulated expression of TGFβ2, TNFR2, Caspase 10, and HSP70 at stages E6.5 and E7.5. In conclusion, PEN was found to alter the suitable uterine environment for proper implantation and development at the levels of histological and immunohistochemical that could create a risk during the full course of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amin A Seleem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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13
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Souders CL, Perez-Rodriguez V, El Ahmadie N, Zhang X, Tischuk C, Martyniuk CJ. Investigation into the sub-lethal effects of the triazole fungicide triticonazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:254-267. [PMID: 31670470 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global use of azole fungicides is expected to increase over the next several years. Triticonazole is a triazole fungicide that is used for turf protection, residential, and other commercial applications. As such, it can enter local rural and urban water systems via run-off and rain events. Early life stages of aquatic organisms can be susceptible to pesticides that enter the water, but in the case of triticonazole, data on the potential for subacute toxicity are lacking. Here, we determined the effects of triticonazole on development, oxygen consumption rates, and locomotor activity in zebrafish to address this knowledge gap. Wild-type zebrafish (ABTu strain) embryos and larvae were exposed to triticonazole (1-100 μM) in early development for different lengths of time depending on the assay conducted. Triticonazole did not affect survival nor induce significant deformity (pericardial edema, skeletal defects) in zebrafish at doses up to 100 μM. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in embryos after 24 and 48 hour exposure to triticonazole beginning at ∼6 hpf using the XFe flux analyzer. Triticonazole did not affect basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP linked respiration, FCCP-induced maximum respiration, proton leak, spare capacity, nor non-mitochondrial respiration at doses up to 100 μM for 24 hours, even for exposure up to 250 μM for 48 hours. To determine whether the fungicide affected larval swimming activity, the visual motor response test was conducted following triticonazole exposure for 6 days. Larval zebrafish exposed to triticonazole showed hypoactivity in the dark following a 100 μM treatment, suggesting that the fungicide can affect the locomotor activity of zebrafish, albeit at relatively high levels. Given the fact that sublethal biological responses were absent at lower environmentally relevant concentrations, we conclude that triticonazole, relative to other triazole fungicides and types of pesticides, exhibits a relatively low risk of toxicity to the early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Veronica Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nader El Ahmadie
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Claire Tischuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Xie Y, Jiang H, Chang J, Wang Y, Li J, Wang H. Gonadal disruption after single dose exposure of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in male lizards (Eremias argus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113297. [PMID: 31610514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used triazole fungicide with low toxicity, and its desulfurization metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d), is reported to have higher reproductive toxicity to mammals. However, little is known about the reproductive toxicity, much less endocrine disrupting effect, of these two chemicals on reptiles. In this study, we investigated the effects of single dose of PTC/PTC-d (100 mg kg-1 body weight) exposure on the pathomorphism of testes and epididymides, serum sex steroid hormones (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and transcription of steroidogenic-related genes (STARD, cyp11A, cyp17, cyp19A, 17β-HSD, 3β-HSD, AR and ER-α) in gonads of male lizards (Eremias argus). Although structural disorder existed in PTC-d exposure group, severe gonadal disruption, especially suppression of spermatogenesis was only observed in testis after PTC treatment, which consequently led to the lack of spermatozoa in epididymal ducts. Consistent with this result, T/E2 value in PTC exposure was elevated to a significant higher level compared with control and continually increased over time, while T/E2 value in the PTC-d exposure group slightly increased only at 12 h. These results demonstrated a more serious disruption of PTC on male lizard gonads than PTC-d. In addition, the expression of cyp17 gene was inhibited at 6 h, however, was induced at 12 h, and exhibited negative correlations with STARD, cyp11A and 3β-HSD after PTC exposure at each timepoint. In PTC-d group, the expression of STARD and 3β-HSD were significantly down-regulated, in contrast, cyp11A and cyp17 were up-regulated, and each gene showed consistent changes over time. For 17β-HSD, no significance was observed in both treated groups. This study was the first to compare the gonadal disruption of PTC and PTC-d in male lizards and elucidated that these two chemicals influenced the physiological function of male gonads through differential transcriptional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
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15
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Dang Z, Kienzler A. Changes in fish sex ratio as a basis for regulating endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104928. [PMID: 31277008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish sex ratio (SR) is an endpoint potentially indicating both endocrine activity and adversity, essential elements for identifying Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as required by the EU regulations. Due to different protocols and methods in the literature studies, SR data vary greatly. This study analyses literature SR data and discusses important considerations for using SR data in the regulatory context for the hazard identification, classification, PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) assessment, testing, and risk assessment. A total number of 106 studies were compiled for SR of zebrafish, medaka and fathead minnow exposed to 84 chemicals or mixtures. About 53% of literature studies determined SR by methods different from the standard histology method, leading to uncertainty of quantifying SR and differential sensitivity. SR was determined after depuration in 40 papers, which may lead to chemical-induced SR changes reversible to the control. SR was responsive to chemicals with EAS (estrogen, androgen, steoroidogenesis) activity and also to those with thyroid and progesterone activity. Besides, SR was influenced by non-chemical factors, e.g., inbreeding and temperature, leading to difficulty in data interpretation. The ECHA/EFSA/JRC Guidance suggests that SR and gonad histology data can be used for identifying EDCs. Due to reversibility, influence of confounding factors, and responsiveness to chemicals with endocrine activity other than EAS, this study suggests that SR/gonad histology should be combined with certain mode of action evidence for identifying EDCs. Important considerations for using SR data in the identification, classification, PBT assessment, testing, and risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiChao Dang
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Aude Kienzler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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16
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Zhang L, Diao J, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Tian Z, Zhou Z. Hepatotoxicity and reproductive disruption in male lizards (Eremias argus) exposed to glufosinate-ammonium contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:190-197. [PMID: 30543945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a spectrum herbicide that is widely used in agriculture. The toxic effects of GLA on plants and mammals have been extensively studied; however, little is known about its effects on reptiles. In this study, male lizards (Eremias argus) were exposed to GLA contaminated soil for 60 days. Physical conditions, organ coefficients, antioxidant enzyme activity, tissue distribution, histopathological damage, steroid hormones levels, and related gene expression of sex steroids were evaluated. In contrast to unexposed control lizards, the body mass index of the GLA group was decreased, which elucidated that GLA adversely affected the physical condition of E. argus. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in response to elevated malondialdehyde levels in lizard testis indicated that testes were strongly affected by oxidative damage, and the increased testis index was associated with severe testis lesions. Moreover, alterations of plasma sex hormone levels and related gene expression levels of sex steroids were also observed, and the mechanism underlying the induction of reproductive toxicity was clarified. The activity of glutamine synthetase was severely inhibited in the liver of the GLA exposure group. Based on the results of liver index and histopathology examinations, the hepatotoxicity effect of GLA was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Danion M, Le Floch S, Cabon J, Louboutin L, Morin T. Transchem project - Part II: Transgenerational effects of long-term exposure to pendimethalin at environmental concentrations on the early development and viral pathogen susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 202:126-135. [PMID: 30025381 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Transchem project, rainbow trout genitors were exposed to environmental concentrations of pendimethalin over a period of 18 months and two new first generations of offspring, F1_2013 and F1_2014, were obtained. We investigated the impact of direct chemical exposure on juveniles as well as the potential cumulative transgenerational and direct effects on the larval development and on the pathogen susceptibility of offspring. Depending on the chemical treatment or not of the adults, their offspring were distributed in the tanks of our experimental system, in two batches i.e. juveniles from the control genitors (G-) and others from the contaminated ones (G+), and then, half of the tanks were exposed daily to pendimethalin (Off+) while the others were used as controls (Off-). Viral challenges were performed on the offspring, before and after three months of direct chemical exposure, with strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and sleeping disease alphavirus (SDV). Direct and transgenerational macroscopic effects were observed on offspring, with a percentage of abnormalities in offspring derived from the genitors exposed to pendimethalin (G+) significantly higher compared to those from the genitors from non-exposed group (G-). Before the direct chemical exposure, similar kinetics of mortality was observed between the offspring from the contaminated or control genitors after VHSV infection. With IHNV, the G+ group died in a slightly larger proportion compared to the G- group and seroconversion was greater for the G- group. For the SDV challenge, the mortality was delayed for the G+ offspring compared to the G- and seroconversion reached 65% in the G+ group compared to 45% in the G-, with similar antibody titres. After three months of direct chemical exposure, kinetics of mortality induced by IHNV infection were similar for all groups studied. Infection with SDV resulted in a cumulative mortality of 40% for the G- groups (Off- and Off+), significantly higher than those observed from the contaminated genitors G+. Proportion of seropositivity for SDV varied from 24 to 47% depending on the group, with very low quantities of secreted antibodies. Lastly, the direct exposure of offspring could impact the capacity of fish to adapt their haematological parameters to environmental and physiological changes, and underlines the potential toxic effects on the next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; European University of Brittany, France.
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), 715 Rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Joelle Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; European University of Brittany, France
| | - Lénaïg Louboutin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; European University of Brittany, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; European University of Brittany, France
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Hoga CA, Almeida FL, Reyes FGR. A review on the use of hormones in fish farming: Analytical methods to determine their residues. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1475423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia A. Hoga
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L. Almeida
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felix G. R. Reyes
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Dong X, Zhang L, Chen M, Yang Z, Zuo Z, Wang C. Exposure to difenoconazole inhibits reproductive ability in male marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:126-132. [PMID: 29406096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a triazole fungicide which has been detected in the aquatic environment, including estuaries and embayments. However, few studies addressing the reproductive toxicity and transgenerational effects of DFZ on marine fishes are available. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of DFZ on male marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). After exposure of the embryo to 1, 10, 100 and 1000ng/L DFZ for 180days, the gonadosomatic index was significantly decreased in the 1000ng/L treatment. The number of sperm was reduced while the abundances of spermatocytes and spermatogonia in the testes were increased in all the treatments. The mRNA levels of salmon-type gnrh (sgnrh), the luteinizing hormone (lhβ) and the follicle-stimulating hormone (fshβ) genes in the brain all exhibited a significant down-regulation, the expression of androgen receptors (arα and arβ) was decreased and that of estrogen receptor β and cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19B) was increased in the testes. The expression levels of cyp19A and cyp19B were increased in the liver. The decrease of ars mRNA levels might be one of the reasons causing the reduction of sperm. The down-regulation of sgnrh, lhβ and fshβ mRNA levels suggested that DFZ might impact the spermatogenesis via the brain-pituitary-gonad pathway. The decrease of the fertilization success, the hatch ability and the swim-up success in the F1 generation indicated that DFZ pollution at environmental levels might cause a decrease of wild fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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20
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Dong X, Zuo Z, Guo J, Li H, Zhang L, Chen M, Yang Z, Wang C. Reproductive effects of life-cycle exposure to difenoconazole on female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:772-781. [PMID: 28432496 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a widely used triazole fungicide which has been detected in some estuaries and embayments. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of DFZ on ovarian development in female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). After 180 days exposure of the embryo to DFZ (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/L), the gonadosomatic index and percentage of mature oocytes produced were significantly reduced in the 1, 10 and 100 ng/L treatments but not the 1000 ng/L treatment compared to the control, thus exhibiting a U-shaped dose response curve. The relative mRNA levels of brain follicle-stimulating hormone, ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19s), hepatic estrogen receptors and vitellogenin, and the ratio of 17β-estradiol to testosterone in the muscle, also showed a U-shaped dose response, which was consistent with the development of oocytes. In addition, glutathione S-transferase activity in the ovary showed a U-shaped dose-response. These results gave an explanation for this U-shaped dose-response. The egg number produced, the hatch ability and the swim-up success in the F1 generation all showed a U-shaped dose response, indicating that exposure to DFZ at low concentrations can cause a decrease of fecundity and viability of the next generation. Thus, a more extensive evaluation of the impact of DFZ on marine fish reproduction at realistic environmental concentrations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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21
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Xu Z, Liu J, Wu X, Huang B, Pan X. Nonmonotonic responses to low doses of xenoestrogens: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:199-207. [PMID: 28231547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Xenoestrogens (XEs) mimic or block the synthesis, metabolism and transport of normal endogenous hormones, disturbing normal endocrine function. The available data on the nonmonotonic estrogenic effects of low doses of many XEs are reviewed, covering in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. The observed nonmonotonic patterns of the dose-response curves are discussed, along with possible underlying mechanisms. This review is intended to provide guidance for harm predication and to suggest prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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22
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Husak VV, Mosiichuk NM, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Acute exposure to the penconazole-containing fungicide Topas partially augments antioxidant potential in goldfish tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 193:1-8. [PMID: 27979696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Penconazole is a systemic fungicide commonly used in agriculture as the commercial preparation Topas. Although triazole fungicides are widely found in the aquatic environment, little is known about their acute toxicity on fish. In this study we assessed the effects of short-term exposure to Topas on some parameters of homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the levels of markers of oxidative stress and parameters of the antioxidant defense system of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Gills appeared to be the main target organ of Topas toxicity, showing the greatest number of parameters affected. Gills of Topas-treated fish showed a higher content of low (L-SH) and high (H-SH) molecular mass thiols and higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as well as reduced carbonyl protein content (CP), as compared with those in the control group. In the liver, goldfish exposure to 15-25mgL-1 Topas resulted in a higher L-SH and H-SH content, but lower CP levels and activity of GST. In kidney, Topas exposure resulted in higher activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and G6PDH, but lower L-SH content and activity of GST. The results of this study indicate that acute goldfish exposure to the triazole fungicide Topas increased efficiency of the antioxidant system in fish gills, liver, and kidney. This could indicate the development of low intensity oxidative stress which up-regulates defense mechanisms responsible for protection of goldfish against deleterious ROS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Husak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia M Mosiichuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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23
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Li J, Chang J, Li W, Guo B, Li J, Wang H. Disruption of sex-hormone levels and steroidogenic-related gene expression on Mongolia Racerunner (Eremias argus) after exposure to triadimefon and its enantiomers. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:554-563. [PMID: 28039834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triadimefon (TF) is a widely used chiral fungicide with one chiral centre and two enantiomers (TF1 and TF2). However, little is reported about the ecological toxicity of reptiles on an enantioselective level. TF is a potential endocrine disruptor that may interfere with sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone (T) and 17beta-estradiol (E2). In our study, the lizards Mongolia Racerunner (Eremias argus) were orally exposed to TF and its enantiomers for 21 days. Plasma sex steroid hormones and steroidogenic-related genes, including 17-beta-hydroxysteroid (hsd17β), cytochrome P450 enzymes (cyp19 and cyp17), and steroid hormone receptors (erα and Ar) were evaluated. After exposure, the plasma testosterone level in the 100 mg/kgbw group was elevated, while the oestradiol level was reduced. This phenomenon may be caused by the transformation of cyp19, which may inhibit the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol and affect sexual behaviour. In addition, the two enantiomers have different effects on hormone levels, which testified to the previously reported biotoxic dissimilarity between TF1 and TF2 in organisms. Furthermore, the cyp19 mRNA level in liver and gonad of the TF2 and TF group (100 mg/kgbw) were significantly down-regulated, while the cyp17 and hsd17β mRNA levels were up-regulated. The expression of erα and Ar mRNA levels were up-regulated in males but not in females, which may indicate that TF has sex differences on these two genes. As seen from the above results, TF and its enantiomers may have endocrine-disrupting effects on lizards (E. argus) by acting sensitively on sex steroid hormones and steroidogenic-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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24
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Lv X, Pan L, Wang J, Lu L, Yan W, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Guo M, Zhuang S. Effects of triazole fungicides on androgenic disruption and CYP3A4 enzyme activity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:504-512. [PMID: 28012672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used as broad-spectrum fungicides, non-steroidal antiestrogens and for various industrial applications. Their residues have been frequently detected in multiple environmental and human matrices. The increasingly reported toxicity incidents have led triazole fungicides as emerging contaminants of environmental and public health concern. However, whether triazole fungicides behave as endocrine disruptors by directly mimicking environmental androgens/antiandrogens or exerting potential androgenic disruption indirectly through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme activity is yet an unresolved question. We herein evaluated five commonly used triazole fungicides including bitertanol, hexaconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole and uniconazole for the androgenic and anti-androgenic activity using two-hybrid recombinant human androgen receptor (AR) yeast bioassay and comparatively evaluated their effects on enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 by P450-Glo™ CYP3A4 bioassay. All five fungicides showed moderate anti-androgenic activity toward human AR with the IC50 ranging from 9.34 μM to 79.85 μM. The anti-androgenic activity remained no significant change after the metabolism mediated by human liver microsomes. These fungicides significantly inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 at the environmental relevant concentrations and the potency ranks as tebuconazole > uniconazole > hexaconazole > penconazole > bitertanol with the corresponding IC50 of 0.81 μM, 0.93 μM, 1.27 μM, 2.22 μM, and 2.74 μM, respectively. We found that their anti-androgenic activity and the inhibition potency toward CYP3A4 inhibition was significantly correlated (R2 between 0.83 and 0.97, p < 0.001). Our results indicated that the risk assessment of triazole pesticides and structurally similar chemicals should fully consider potential androgenic disrupting effects and the influences on the activity of CYP450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lv
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Liumeng Pan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Weilin Yan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanye Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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25
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Noguera-Oviedo K, Aga DS. Lessons learned from more than two decades of research on emerging contaminants in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:242-51. [PMID: 27241399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, thousands of research papers covering different aspects of emerging contaminants have been published, ranging from environmental occurrence to treatment and ecological effects. Emerging contaminants are environmental pollutants that have been investigated widely only in the last two decades and include anthropogenic and naturally occurring chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their metabolites, illicit drugs, engineered nanomaterials, and antibiotic resistance genes. The advancement in our knowledge on emerging contaminants has been the result of the appearance of highly sensitive and powerful analytical instrumentation that rapidly developed, allowing identification and trace quantification of unknown contaminants in complex environmental matrices. High efficiency chromatographic separations coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometers have become more common in environmental laboratories and are the pillars of environmental research, increasing our awareness and understanding of the presence of emerging contaminants in the environment, their transformation and fate, and the complex ecological consequences that they pose on exposed biological systems. This introductory paper for the Virtual Thematic Issue on Emerging Contaminants presents a brief literature overview on key research milestones in the area of emerging contaminants, focusing on pharmaceuticals and personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds, and highlighting selected research papers previously published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials during the period of January 2012 to December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Noguera-Oviedo
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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26
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Dang Z. Interpretation of fish biomarker data for identification, classification, risk assessment and testing of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:422-441. [PMID: 27155823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical induced changes in fish biomarkers vitellogenin (VTG), secondary sex characteristics (SSC), and sex ratio indicate modes/mechanisms of action (MOAs) of EAS (estrogen, androgen and steroidogenesis) pathways. These biomarkers could be used for defining MOAs and the causal link between MOAs and adverse effects in fish for the identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This paper compiled data sets of 150 chemicals for VTG, 57 chemicals for SSC and 38 chemicals for sex ratio in fathead minnow, medaka and zebrafish. It showed 1) changes in fish biomarkers can indicate the MOAs as anticipated; 2) in addition to EAS pathways, chemicals with non-EAS pathways induced changes in fish biomarkers; 3) responses of fish biomarkers did not always follow the anticipated patterns of EAS pathways. These responses may result from the interaction of chemical-induced multiple MOAs and confounding factors like fish diet, infection, culture conditions, general toxicity and stress response. The complex response of fish biomarkers to a chemical of interest requires EDC testing at multiple biological levels. Interpretation of fish biomarker data should be combined with relevant information at different biological levels, which is critical for defining chemical specific MOAs. The utility of fish biomarker data for identification, classification, PBT assessment, risk assessment, and testing of EDCs in the regulatory context was discussed. This paper emphasizes the importance of fish biomarker data in the regulatory context, a weight of evidence approach for the interpretation of fish biomarker data and the need for defining levels of evidence for the identification of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiChao Dang
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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27
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Chu SH, Liao PH, Chen PJ. Developmental exposures to an azole fungicide triadimenol at environmentally relevant concentrations cause reproductive dysfunction in females of medaka fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:181-189. [PMID: 26971170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triadimenol is an effective meatabolite derived from the triazole fungicide triadimenfon. It is an agriculturally important reagent of environmentally emerging concern because of its broad use, persistent occurrence in the environment and greater fungicidal or toxic potency than the parent compound. However, the ecotoxicological impact of triadimenol on fish populations remains unclear. In this study, we investigated developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption effects in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) exposed at an early life stage to triadimenol. First, mortality, gross development and oxidative stress responses were assessed with triadimenol exposure (3-3000 μg/L) during the embryonic stage. Then, medaka at a sensitive stage of early sexual development underwent 35-day continuous chronic exposure to triadimenol, and the endocrine disruption effects were assessed in adulthood and the next generation. Embryonic exposure to triadimenol did not induce significant teratogenic effects or oxidative stress in embryos or hatchlings. However, early-life exposure to triadimenol under environmentally relevant concentrations (3-30 μg/L) and 300 μg/L persistently altered ovary development and reproduction in female adults and skewed the sex ratio in progeny. As well, triadimenol exposure interrupted the hormone balance, as seen by the expression of genes responsible for estrogen metabolism and egg reproduction. Environmentally relevant triadimenol exposure in medaka fish at early life stages may have ecotoxicological impact in aquatic environments. Along with previous studies, we suggest that conazoles share similar modes of action in disrupting hormone homeostasis and reproduction in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hung Chu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Liao
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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28
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Tu TY, Hong CY, Sasado T, Kashiwada S, Chen PJ. Early life exposure to a rodent carcinogen propiconazole fungicide induces oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenesis in medaka fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:52-61. [PMID: 26619215 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conazole pollution is an emerging concern to human health and environmental safety because of the broad use of conazole fungicides in agriculture and medicine and their frequent occurrence in aquifers. The agricultural pesticide propiconazole has received much regulatory interest because it is a known rodent carcinogen with evidence of multiple adverse effects in mammals and non-targeted organisms. However, the carcinogenic effect and associated mechanism of propiconazole in fish under microgram-per-liter levels of environmental-relevant exposure remains unclear. To explore whether early life of propiconzaole exposure would induce oxidative stress and latent carcinogenic effects in fish, we continuously exposed larvae of wild type or p53(-/-) mutant of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to propiconazole (2.5-250μg/L) for 3, 7, 14 or 28 days and assessed liver histopathology and/or the oxidative stress response and gene expression during exposure and throughout adulthood. Propiconazole dose-dependently induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, altered homeostasis of antioxidant superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase and caused lipid and protein peroxidation during early life exposure in wild type medaka. Such exposure also significantly upregulated gene expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A, but marginally suppressed that of tumor suppressor p53 in adults. Furthermore, histopathology revealed that p53(-/-) mutant medaka with early life exposure to propiconazole showed increased incidence of hepatocarcionogensis, as compared to the p53(-/-) control group and wild type strain. We demonstrated that propiconazole can initiate ROS-mediated oxidative stress and induce hepatic tumorigenesis associated with CYP1A- and/or p53 -mediated pathways with the use of wild type and p53(-/-) mutant of medaka fish. The toxic response of medaka to propiconazole is compatible with that observed in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Tu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takao Sasado
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, the Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Developing analytical approaches to explore the connection between endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in water to effects in fish. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6481-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Overturf MD, Anderson JC, Pandelides Z, Beyger L, Holdway DA. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products: A critical review of the impacts on fish reproduction. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:469-91. [PMID: 25945515 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1038499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in environmental toxicology involving pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has increased greatly over the last 10-15 years. Much research has been focused on the endocrine-disrupting potential of PPCPs, as they relate to negative population impacts of aquatic organisms. This review assesses the current data on the reported effects of PPCPs on fish reproduction with an emphasis on fecundity, a predictor of population effects. Studies of both individual PPCPs and PPCP mixtures are presented. As the majority of individual PPCP studies reviewed demonstrate negative effects on fish fecundity, we relate these findings to detected surface water concentrations of these compounds. Very few studies involving PPCP mixtures have been conducted; however, the need for these types of studies is warranted as fish are most likely exposed to mixtures of PPCPs in the wild. In addition, laboratory and field assessments of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, a major source of PPCPs, are reviewed. Much of the data provided from these assessments are variable and do not generally demonstrate negative impacts on reproduction, or the studies are unable to directly associate observed effects with WWTP effluents. Finally, future research considerations are outlined to provide an avenue into understanding how wild populations of fish are affected by PPCPs. These considerations are aimed at determining the adaptation potential of fish exposed to mixtures of PPCPs over multiple generations. As global use of PPCPs continually rises, the need to discern the effects of chronic exposure to PPCPs is greatly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Overturf
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa, ON , Canada
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