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Xie J, Lu YC. Designing Nonflammable Liquid Electrolytes for Safe Li-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312451. [PMID: 38688700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries are essential technologies for electronic products in the daily life. However, serious fire safety concerns that are closely associated with the flammable liquid electrolyte remains a key challenge. Tremendous effort has been devoted to designing nonflammable liquid electrolytes. It is critical to gain comprehensive insights into nonflammability design and inspire more efficient approaches for building safer Li-ion batteries. This review presents current mechanistic understanding of safety issues and discusses state-of-the-art nonflammable liquid electrolytes design for Li-ion batteries based on molecule, solvation, and battery compatibility level. Various safety test methods are discussed for reliable safety risk evaluation. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the nonflammability design for Li-ion electrolytes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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2
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Wang H, Wang Q, Jin C, Xu C, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhong C, Feng X. Detailed characterization of particle emissions due to thermal failure of batteries with different cathodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131646. [PMID: 37331058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient levels of thermal, electrical, mechanical, or electrochemical abuse can cause thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, leading to the release of electrolyte vapor, combustible gas mixtures, and high-temperature particles. Particle emissions due to thermal failure of batteries may cause serious pollution of the atmosphere, water sources, and soil as well as enter the human biological chain through crops, posing a potential threat to human health. Furthermore, high-temperature particle emissions may ignite the flammable gas mixtures produced during the thermal runaway process, resulting in combustion and explosions. This research focused on determining the particle size distribution, elemental composition, morphology, and crystal structure of particles released from different cathode batteries after thermal runaway. Accelerated adiabatic calorimetry tests were performed on a fully charged Li(Ni0.3Co0.3Mn0.3)O2 battery (NCM111), Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 battery (NCM523), and Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 battery (NCM622). Results of all three batteries indicate that particles with a diameter less than or equal to 0.85 mm exhibit an increase in volume distribution followed by a decrease in volume distribution as the diameter increases. F, S, P, Cr, Ge, and Ge were detected in particle emissions with mass percentages ranging from 6.5% to 43.3%, 0.76-1.20%, 2.41-4.83%,1.8-3.7%, and 0-0.14%, respectively. When present in high concentrations, these may have negative impacts on human health and the environment. In addition, the diffraction patterns of the particle emissions were approximately the same for NC111, NCM523, and NCM622, with emissions primarily composed of Ni/Co elemental, graphite, Li2CO3, NiO, LiF, MnO, and LiNiO2. This study can provide important insights into the potential environmental and health risks associated with particle emissions from thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Wang
- China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Qinzheng Wang
- China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, China; State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changyong Jin
- Farasis Energy (GanZhou) Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341001, China
| | - Chengshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Yang Li
- China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Chonglin Zhong
- Farasis Energy (GanZhou) Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341001, China
| | - Xuning Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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3
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Chen S, Wei X, Zhang G, Wang X, Zhu J, Feng X, Dai H, Ouyang M. All-temperature area battery application mechanism, performance, and strategies. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100465. [PMID: 37448741 PMCID: PMC10336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Further applications of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage stations are limited because of the thermal sensitivity, volatility, and poor durability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially given the urgent requirements for all-climate utilization and fast charging. This study comprehensively reviews the thermal characteristics and management of LIBs in an all-temperature area based on the performance, mechanism, and thermal management strategy levels. At the performance level, the external features of the batteries were analyzed and compared in cold and hot environments. At the mechanism level, the heat generation principles and thermal features of LIBs under different temperature conditions were summarized from the perspectives of thermal and electrothermal mechanisms. At the strategy level, to maintain the temperature/thermal consistency and prevent poor subzero temperature performance and local/global overheating, conventional and novel battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are discussed from the perspective of temperature control, thermal consistency, and power cost. Moreover, future countermeasures to enhance the performance of all-climate areas at the material, cell, and system levels are discussed. This study provides insights and methodologies to guarantee the performance and safety of LIBs used in EVs and energy storage stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuezhe Wei
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Guangxu Zhang
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jiangong Zhu
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xuning Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifeng Dai
- Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Minggao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Li L, Fang B, Ren D, Fu L, Zhou Y, Yang C, Zhang F, Feng X, Wang L, He X, Qi P, Liu Y, Jia C, Zhao S, Xu F, Wei X, Wu H. Thermal-Switchable, Trifunctional Ceramic-Hydrogel Nanocomposites Enable Full-Lifecycle Security in Practical Battery Systems. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10729-10741. [PMID: 35709373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal runaway (TR) failures of large-format lithium-ion battery systems related to fires and explosions have become a growing concern. Here, we design a smart ceramic-hydrogel nanocomposite that provides integrated thermal management, cooling, and fire insulation functionalities and enables full-lifecycle security. The glass-ceramic nanobelt sponges exhibit high mechanical flexibility with 80% reversible compressibility and high fatigue resistance, which can firmly couple with the polymer-nanoparticle hydrogels and form thermal-switchable nanocomposites. In the operating mode, the high enthalpy of the nanocomposites enables efficient thermal management, thereby preventing local temperature spikes and overheating under extremely fast charging conditions. In the case of mechanical or thermal abuse, the stored water can be immediately released, leaving behind a highly flexible ceramic matrix with low thermal conductivity (42 mW m-1 K-1 at 200 °C) and high-temperature resistance (up to 1300 °C), thus effectively cooling the TR battery and alleviating the devastating TR propagation. The versatility, self-adaptivity, environmental friendliness, and manufacturing scalability make this material highly attractive for practical safety assurance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ben Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongsheng Ren
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuning Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- Research Center of Do-fluoride New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Fei Xu
- Research Center of Do-fluoride New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiaoding Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Jia L, Wang D, Yin T, Li X, Li L, Dai Z, Zheng L. Experimental Study on Thermal-Induced Runaway in High Nickel Ternary Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14562-14570. [PMID: 35557703 PMCID: PMC9088761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, fire and explosion accidents associated with lithium ion battery failure occurred frequently. Safety has become one of the main constraints on the wide application of lithium ion batteries in the field of electric vehicles (EVs). By using a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA8000) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC), we studied the thermal stability of high nickel battery materials and the high temperature thermal runaway of the battery, combining the two experimental results to analyze the battery thermal runaway process. We studied the temperature difference between inside and outside during thermal runaway by arranging two temperature sensors inside and outside the battery. The chemical reactions of the battery at high temperature through the thermal performance of the anode, cathode, and separator are also revealed. In-depth exploration of the occurrence process and the trigger mechanism of thermal runaway of lithium batteries was made. The main findings of the study are as follows: The temperature at which the anode materials begin to decompose is 77.13 °C, caused by decomposition of the solid electrolyte interface and the temperature at which the cathode materials begin to decompose is 227.09 °C. The maximum surface temperature of the battery during thermal runaway is 641.41 °C; and the maximum inside temperature of the battery is 1117.80 °C. The time difference between the maximum temperatures inside and outside the battery is 40 s. The thermal runaway temperature of the battery T c is 228.47 °C, which is mainly contributed by the internal short circuit of the anode and cathode to release Joule heat and the cathode/electrolyte reaction. The maximum temperature of T m is 642.65 °C, which is mainly caused by the reaction between oxygen and electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhou Jia
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Engineering
Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Engineering
Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Engineering
Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xichao Li
- Energy
Saving Business Division, CRRC Qingdao Sifang
Rolling Stock Research Institute Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266031, China
| | - Liwei Li
- School
of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zuoqiang Dai
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Engineering
Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Engineering
Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Geldasa FT, Kebede MA, Shura MW, Hone FG. Identifying surface degradation, mechanical failure, and thermal instability phenomena of high energy density Ni-rich NCM cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5891-5909. [PMID: 35424548 PMCID: PMC8982025 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the existing commercial cathodes, Ni-rich NCM are the most promising candidates for next-generation LIBs because of their high energy density, relatively good rate capability, and reasonable cycling performance. However, the surface degradation, mechanical failure and thermal instability of these materials are the major causes of cell performance decay and rapid capacity fading. This is a huge challenge to commercializing these materials widely for use in LIBs. In particular, the thermal instability of Ni-rich NCM cathode active materials is the main issue of LIBs safety hazards. Hence, this review will recapitulate the current progress in this research direction by including widely recognized research outputs and recent findings. Moreover, with an extensive collection of detailed mechanisms on atomic, molecular and micrometer scales, this review work can complement the previous failure, degradation and thermal instability studies of Ni-rich NMC. Finally, this review will summarize recent research focus and recommend future research directions for nickel-rich NCM cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu Takele Geldasa
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Physics P. O. Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Abayneh Kebede
- Energy Centre, Smart Places, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Megersa Wodajo Shura
- Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Physics P. O. Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Gashaw Hone
- Addis Ababa University, Department of Physics P. O. Box: 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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7
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Lv F, Cheng H, Nie W, Sun Q, Liu Y, Duan T, Xu Q, Lu X. Enhancing Rate Capacity and Cycle Stability of LiNi
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
O
2
Cathode Material by Laminar V
2
O
5
Coating for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Qiangchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Tong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xionggang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
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8
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Peculiar effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal behavior of 2-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Song L, Du J, Xiao Z, Jiang P, Cao Z, Zhu H. Research Progress on the Surface of High-Nickel Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese Ternary Cathode Materials: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:761. [PMID: 33005609 PMCID: PMC7484377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To address increasingly prominent energy problems, lithium-ion batteries have been widely developed. The high-nickel type nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) ternary cathode material has attracted attention because of its high energy density, but it has problems such as cation mixing. To address these issues, it is necessary to start from the surface and interface of the cathode material, explore the mechanism underlying the material's structural change and the occurrence of side reactions, and propose corresponding optimization schemes. This article reviews the defects caused by cation mixing and energy bands in high-nickel NCM ternary cathode materials. This review discusses the reasons why the core-shell structure has become an optimized high-nickel ternary cathode material in recent years and the research progress of core-shell materials. The synthesis method of high-nickel NCM ternary cathode material is summarized. A good theoretical basis for future experimental exploration is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlian Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huali Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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