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Liu X, Guo Y, Li Y, Li Q, Yao L, Yu J, Chen H, Wu K, Qiu D, Wu Z, Zhou Q. Mitigating sediment cadmium contamination through combining PGPR Enterobacter ludwigii with the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134662. [PMID: 38788574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sediment cadmium contamination poses risks to aquatic ecosystems. Phytoremediation is an environmentally sustainable method to mitigate cadmium contamination. Submerged macrophytes are affected by cadmium stress, but plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can restore the health status of submerged macrophytes. Herein, we aimed to reduce sediment cadmium concentration and reveal the mechanism by which the combined application of the PGPR Enterobacter ludwigii and the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans mitigates cadmium contamination. Sediment cadmium concentration decreased by 21.59% after submerged macrophytes were planted with PGPR, probably because the PGPR colonized the rhizosphere and roots of the macrophytes. The PGPR induced a 5.09-fold increase in submerged macrophyte biomass and enhanced plant antioxidant response to cadmium stress, as demonstrated by decreases in oxidative product levels (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde), which corresponded to shift in rhizosphere metabolism, notably in antioxidant defence systems (i.e., the peroxidation of linoleic acid into 9-hydroperoxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid) and in some amino acid metabolism pathways (i.e., arginine and proline). Additionally, PGPR mineralized carbon in the sediment to promote submerged macrophyte growth. Overall, PGPR mitigated sediment cadmium accumulation via a synergistic plantmicrobe mechanism. This work revealed the mechanism by which PGPR and submerged macrophytes control cadmium concentration in contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yahua Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qianzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongru Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Mu X, Li B, Liu W, Qiao Y, Huang C, Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin Y, Wang K. Responses and resistance capacity of Solanum nigrum L. mediated by three ecological category earthworms in metal-[Cd-As-Cu-Pb]-contaminated soils of North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171427. [PMID: 38432362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms play vital functions affecting plant growth and metal accumulation from downground to aboveground. Soil metal mobilization may be combined with use of earthworm and hyperaccumulator-Solanum nigrum to improve its remediation efficiency. Understanding the effects of specific-species earthworm belonging to different ecological categories on mechanisms underlying of S. nigrum is critical for metal-polluted remediation. However, seldom studies concerned earthworm-assisted phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil in Northern China. This study investigated the effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida, Amynthas hupeiensis and Drawida gisti) on S. nigrum with exposure to uncontaminated and [Cd-As-Cu-Pb]-contaminated soil (referred to as S0 and S1) for 60 days, respectively. In S1 soil, A. hupeiensis (anecic) had stronger effects on growth and metal accumulation in the organs (root, stem, and leaf) of S. nigrum than D. gisti (endogeic) and E. fetida (epigeic), attributing to their ecological category. The BAF values of S. nigrum were generally ranking in Cd (0.66-5.13) > As (0.03-1.85) > Cu (0.03-0.06) > Pb (0.01-0.05); the BAFCd values were ranking in leaf (2.34-5.13) > root (1.96-4.14) > stem (0.66-1.33); BAFAs, BAFCu, and BAFPb were root (0.04-1.63) > stem (0.01-0.09) ≈ leaf (0.01-0.06). A. hupeiensis decreased the TF values of S. nigrum from the roots to the shoots. Co-effects of metal stress and earthworm activity on metal uptake by shoots suggested that A. hupeiensis increased the uptake of As, Cu, and Pb (by 56.3 %, 51.5 %, and 16.2 %, p < 0.05), but not Cd, which appeared to remain steady for prolonged durations. Alterations in the integrated biomarker response index version 2 (IBRv2) values demonstrated that A. hupeiensis (12.65) improved the resistance capacity (stimulated GSH, SnGS1, and SnCu-SOD) of S. nigrum under metal-containing conditions, compared with E. fetida and D. gisti (IBRv2 were 9.61 and 9.11). This study may provide insights into the patterns of 'soil-earthworm-plant system' on improving remediation efficiency of S. nigrum, from the perspective of earthworm ecological niche partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wenju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caide Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Yan Y, Wang R, Chi Y, Zhang D, Zhou P, Chu S. Enhancing aerobic composting performance of high-salt oily food waste with Bacillus safensis YM1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130475. [PMID: 38387845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
To alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt and oil on food waste compost, the compost was inoculated with salt-tolerant and oil-degrading Bacillus safensis YM1. The YM1 inoculation could effectively improve compost maturation index. Compared with uninoculated group, the oil content and Cl- concentration in the 0.5% YM1-inoculated compost decreased significantly by 19.7% and 8.1%, respectively. The addition of the YM1 inoculant substantially altered the richness and composition of the microbial community during composting, as evidenced by the identification of 47 bacterial and 42 fungal biomarker taxa. The enrichment of some oil-degrading salt-tolerant microbes (Bacillus, Haloplasma, etc.) enhanced nutrient conversion, which is crucial for the improved maturity of the YM1 compost. This study demonstrated that YM1 could regulate both abiotic and biotic processes to improve high-salt and oily food waste composting, which may be an effective inoculant in the industrial-scale composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Zhang X, Kuang M, Cui K, Xu T, Liu X, Zhuo R, Qin Z, Bu Z, Huang Z, Li H, Huang J, Liu T, Zhu Y. Endophytic Enterobacter sp. YG-14 mediated arsenic mobilization through siderophore and its role in enhancing phytostabilization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133206. [PMID: 38134692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil arsenic (As) phytoremediation has long faced the challenge of efficiently absorbing As by plant accumulators while maintaining their health and fast growth. Even at low doses, arsenic is highly toxic to plants. Therefore, plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mediate As accumulation in plants are of great interest. In this study, the endophyte Enterobacter sp. YG-14 (YG-14) was found to have soil mobilization activity. By constructing a siderophore synthesis gene deletion mutant (ΔentD) of YG-14, the endophyte was confirmed to effectively mobilize Fe-As complexes in mining soil by secreting enterobactin, releasing bioavailable Fe and As to the rhizosphere. YG-14 also enhances As accumulation in host plants via extracellular polymer adsorption and specific phosphatase transfer protein (PitA) absorption. The root accumulation of As was positively correlated with YG-14 root colonization. In addition, YG-14 promoted plant growth and alleviated oxidative damage in R. pseudoacacia L. under arsenic stress. This is the first study, from phenotype, physiology, and molecular perspectives, to determine the role of endophyte in promoting As phytostabilization and maintaining the growth of the host plant. This demonstrated the feasibility of using endophytes with high siderophore production to assist host plants in As phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Min Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ting Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Rui Zhuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ziwei Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China.
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He H, Tang C, Cao Z, Wang T, He M, Xiao M, Xiao L, Li Y, Li X. Revealing Medicinal Constituents of Bistorta vivipara Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics and 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:860. [PMID: 38398612 PMCID: PMC10892765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bistorta vivipara is a medicinal plant with a long history, but there are few studies on the effects of its medicinal components and endophytic bacteria on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, non-targeted metabolomics techniques and 16s rDNA techniques were used to study B. vivipara from different regions. A total of 1290 metabolites and 437 differential metabolites were identified from all samples. Among them, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and benzopyrans are the main medicinal components of B. vivipara; these have potential anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as potential applications for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. In addition, irigenin, an important medicinal component, was identified for the first time. The endophytic bacterial communities in the root tissues of B. vivipara from different regions were also different in composition and richness. Hierarchical clustering heat map analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota bacteria significantly affected the accumulation of many medicinal components in the roots of B. vivipara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhengfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Licheng Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation in Yushu City, Yushu 815000, China;
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
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Pandey P, Tripathi A, Dwivedi S, Lal K, Jhang T. Deciphering the mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and potential applications of endophytic microbes to mediate stress tolerance in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250020. [PMID: 38034581 PMCID: PMC10684941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The global healthcare market in the post-pandemic era emphasizes a constant pursuit of therapeutic, adaptogenic, and immune booster drugs. Medicinal plants are the only natural resource to meet this by supplying an array of bioactive secondary metabolites in an economic, greener and sustainable manner. Driven by the thrust in demand for natural immunity imparting nutraceutical and life-saving plant-derived drugs, the acreage for commercial cultivation of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Limited resources of land and water, low productivity, poor soil fertility coupled with climate change, and biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects, viruses, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, drought, salinity, waterlogging, and metal toxicity) stress necessitate medicinal plant productivity enhancement through sustainable strategies. Plants evolved intricate physiological (membrane integrity, organelle structural changes, osmotic adjustments, cell and tissue survival, reclamation, increased root-shoot ratio, antibiosis, hypersensitivity, etc.), biochemical (phytohormones synthesis, proline, protein levels, antioxidant enzymes accumulation, ion exclusion, generation of heat-shock proteins, synthesis of allelochemicals. etc.), and cellular (sensing of stress signals, signaling pathways, modulating expression of stress-responsive genes and proteins, etc.) mechanisms to combat stresses. Endophytes, colonizing in different plant tissues, synthesize novel bioactive compounds that medicinal plants can harness to mitigate environmental cues, thus making the agroecosystems self-sufficient toward green and sustainable approaches. Medicinal plants with a host set of metabolites and endophytes with another set of secondary metabolites interact in a highly complex manner involving adaptive mechanisms, including appropriate cellular responses triggered by stimuli received from the sensors situated on the cytoplasm and transmitting signals to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus to withstand a stressful environment effectively. Signaling pathways serve as a crucial nexus for sensing stress and establishing plants' proper molecular and cellular responses. However, the underlying mechanisms and critical signaling pathways triggered by endophytic microbes are meager. This review comprehends the diversity of endophytes in medicinal plants and endophyte-mediated plant-microbe interactions for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants by understanding complex adaptive physiological mechanisms and signaling cascades involving defined molecular and cellular responses. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers can design specific microbial formulations that optimize plant health, increase nutrient uptake, boost crop yields, and support a resilient, sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Shweta Dwivedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tripta Jhang
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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