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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association of COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates with 2020 presidential election voting preference in Florida counties and the moderating role of age, race, ethnicity, and other community characteristics. METHODS Florida county COVID-19 infection and vaccination counts through September 2021 were supplemented with socioeconomic characteristics and 2020 presidential election results. Poisson regression measured the association of infection and vaccination rates with county political preferences, race, ethnicity, and other county demographic and economic characteristics. For models of April through September 2021 infection rates, the same county characteristics were assessed alongside county vaccination levels. RESULTS Each 1% increase in county full vaccination rates was associated with 82.47 fewer infections per 100 000 during the span of April to September 2021. Vaccination rate was the largest and most statistically significant determinant of vaccine era infections. Each 1% increase in the county share of votes for the 2020 Republican presidential candidate was associated with 109.7 more COVID-19 infections per 100 000 through March 2021 and a 0.546% decrease in county vaccination rates through September 2021. CONCLUSIONS At the county level, COVID-19 vaccination rates are associated with infection rates, with a higher county population proportion of fully vaccinated associated with fewer infections per 100 000. County political preference in the 2020 presidential election is significantly associated with county-level COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates.
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Bernet P. COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in Florida Counties: Roles of Race, Ethnicity, Segregation, and 2020 Election Results. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1965-1975. [PMID: 34542894 PMCID: PMC8450555 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigates the association of racial and ethnic composition, segregation, and 2020 presidential election voting results with COVID-19 infections and deaths in Florida counties. Methods Florida county COVID-19 infection and death counts reported through March 2021 were supplemented with socioeconomic characteristics and 2020 presidential results to form the dataset employed in this ecological study. Poisson regression analysis measured the association of infection and mortality rates with county demographic and economic characteristics, then assessed the moderating role of county political preferences. Results Counties with higher proportions of Black residents experience disproportionately higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. Disparities are further inflated in counties with larger Republican vote shares. That voting effect extends to Hispanic population proportions and segregation, both of which are associated with higher COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in more Republican-leaning counties. Conclusions Communities challenged by pre-existing health disparities, segregation, and economic hardship before the pandemic bear disproportionate risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Factors associated with voter preference for the 2020 Republican presidential candidate compound those problems, worsening consequences for all county residents, suggesting deeper structural health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bernet
- Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Biroli P, Bosworth S, Della Giusta M, Di Girolamo A, Jaworska S, Vollen J. Family Life in Lockdown. Front Psychol 2021; 12:687570. [PMID: 34421738 PMCID: PMC8371690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lockdown imposed following the COVID-19 pandemic of spring 2020 dramatically changed the daily lives and routines of millions of people worldwide. We analyze how such changes contributed to patterns of activity within the household using a novel survey of Italian, British, and American families in lockdown. A high percentage report disruptions in the patterns of family life, manifesting in new work patterns, chore allocations, and household tensions. Though men have taken an increased share of childcare and grocery shopping duties, reallocations are not nearly as stark as disruptions to work patterns might suggest, and families having to reallocate duties report greater tensions. Our results highlight tightened constraints budging up against stable and gendered patterns of intra-household cooperation norms. While the long-run consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown on family life cannot be assessed at this stage, we point toward the likely opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Biroli
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Bosworth
- Department of Economics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amalia Di Girolamo
- Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Jaworska
- Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Vollen
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hirsch JA, Zhao Y, Bilal U, Neckerman KM, Michael YL. Health and Health-Related Resources in Newly Designated Federally Qualified Opportunity Zones: United States, 2012-2016. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:407-415. [PMID: 31944851 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To characterize health and health-related resources in the new qualified opportunity zones (QOZs) relative to tracts not selected or not eligible for this federal investment incentive.Methods. We used tract-level data from the 498 largest cities in the contiguous United States (n = 24 409), categorized using designations from the Department of Treasury. We compiled data on population characteristics, health-related resources, and health from the American Community Survey, the National Establishment Time Series, the National Land Cover Dataset, and the US Small-Area Life Expectancy Estimates Project and the 500 Cities projects. We calculated means and SDs for ineligible, eligible (but not designated), and designated QOZ tracts.Results. In general, designated QOZ tracts had lower access to health care facilities, physical activity resources, and healthy food. They had a higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and worse health outcomes across most measures.Conclusions. By benchmarking conditions, we facilitate tracking and assessment of QOZ impacts.Public Health Implications. QOZ could spur unprecedented neighborhood change with substantial influence on health resources and outcomes. Public health collaboration and strategic local governance of QOZ will be crucial for yielding health benefits for existing residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A Hirsch
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Usama Bilal
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kathryn M Neckerman
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
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