1
|
Zanghaei A, Ameri A, Hashemi A, Soheili V, Ghanbarian H. Rapid identification of bacteria by the pattern of redox reactions rate using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:78-83. [PMID: 37619314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a life-threatening situation, and its rapid diagnosis is essential for treatment. Apart from medical applications, rapid identification of bacteria is vital in the food industry or the public health system. There are various bacterial identification techniques, including molecular-based methods, immunological approaches, and biosensor-based procedures. The most commonly used methods are culture-based methods, which are time-consuming. The objective of this study is to find a fingerprint of bacteria to identify them. Three strains of bacteria were selected, and seven different concentrations of each bacterium were prepared. The bacteria were then treated with two different molar concentrations of the fluorescent fluorophore, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate for 30 minutes. Then, using the fluorescence mode of a multimode reader, the fluorescence emission of each bacterium is scanned twice during 60 minutes. Plotting the difference between two scans versus the bacteria concentration results in a unique fluorescence pattern for each bacterium. Observation of the redox state of bacteria, during 90 minutes, results in a fluorescence pattern that is clearly a fingerprint of different bacteria. This pattern is independent of fluorophore concentration. Mean Squares Errors (MSE) between the fluorescence patterns of similar bacteria is less than that of different bacteria, which shows the method can properly identify the bacteria. In this study, a new label-free method is developed to detect and identify different species of bacteria by measuring the redox activity and using the fluorescence fluorophore, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. This robust and low-cost method can properly identify the bacteria, uses only one excitation and emission wavelength, and can be simply implemented with current multimode plate readers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zanghaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Ameri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kousar S, Mudassir MA, Bibi F, Irfan M, Alyas M, Bukhari SW, Qadir S. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein: Biological, Analytical, and Industrial Progress. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022; 19:708-716. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x19666220110114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstrack:
Fluorescein derivatives have attracted a great deal of attention for ubiquitous applications
on account of their unique properties. Particularly, the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is of paramount
importance in biological, analytical, and industrial fields. Mainly, DCF has been employed as
a reactant in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation reactions in biological applications. It has
been utilized in oxidative stress and cell spreading measurement. It has been extensively explored to
analyze oxidative, respiratory burst, secretory peroxidase, and multidrug resistance-associated proteins
(MRPs). It has been widely investigated for detecting/quantification of H2O2, glucose, lipid,
cholesterol, other hydroperoxides, and polycationic protamine.
Moreover, it has been applied to differentiate dopamine from ascorbic acid. It has also shown immense
potential in biolabeling, cancer imaging, and drug delivery. Several studies demonstrated the
great promise of DCF as a fluorescent probe for real-time monitoring/quantification of mercury,
cadmium, zinc, arsenite, acetate, fluoride, thiocyanate, azide ions, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia,
ozone, sulfur dioxide, and drug molecules. Furthermore, the use of DCF to manufacture dyesensitized
solar cells and Schottky barrier devices opens up avenues for its industrial applications.
Apart from presenting a comprehensive account of the immense potential of DCF in the areas mentioned
above, the present review also intends to provide insight into its broader future scope for a
myriad of applications to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Kousar
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Fehmeeda Bibi
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Irfan
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Alyas
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim
Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Bukhari
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Salman Qadir
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Haan LR, Reiniers MJ, Reeskamp LF, Belkouz A, Ao L, Cheng S, Ding B, van Golen RF, Heger M. Experimental Conditions That Influence the Utility of 2′7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH2-DA) as a Fluorogenic Biosensor for Mitochondrial Redox Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081424. [PMID: 35892626 PMCID: PMC9329753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been causally linked to various diseases. Electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors such as rotenone and antimycin A are frequently used in model systems to study oxidative stress. Oxidative stress that is provoked by ETC inhibitors can be visualized using the fluorogenic probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH2-DA). Non-fluorescent DCFH2-DA crosses the plasma membrane, is deacetylated to 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2) by esterases, and is oxidized to its fluorescent form 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by intracellular ROS. DCF fluorescence can, therefore, be used as a semi-quantitative measure of general oxidative stress. However, the use of DCFH2-DA is complicated by various protocol-related factors that mediate DCFH2-to-DCF conversion independently of the degree of oxidative stress. This study therefore analyzed the influence of ancillary factors on DCF formation in the context of ETC inhibitors. It was found that ETC inhibitors trigger DCF formation in cell-free experiments when they are co-dissolved with DCFH2-DA. Moreover, the extent of DCF formation depended on the type of culture medium that was used, the pH of the assay system, the presence of fetal calf serum, and the final DCFH2-DA solvent concentration. Conclusively, experiments with DCFH2-DA should not discount the influence of protocol-related factors such as medium and mitochondrial inhibitors (and possibly other compounds) on the DCFH2-DA-DCF reaction and proper controls should always be built into the assay protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R. de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Megan J. Reiniers
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, 2262 BA The Hague, The Netherlands
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens F. Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ali Belkouz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lei Ao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Rowan F. van Golen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +31-6-2448-3083 or +31-30-2533-966
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hans C, Saini R, Sachdeva MUS, Sharma P. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) or 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) to measure reactive oxygen species in erythrocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111512. [PMID: 33743333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chander Hans
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Saini
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|