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Mücke MM, Mayer A, Kessel J, Mücke VT, Bon D, Schwarzkopf K, Rüschenbaum S, Queck A, Göttig S, Vermehren A, Weiler N, Welker MW, Reinheimer C, Hogardt M, Vermehren J, Herrmann E, Kempf VAJ, Zeuzem S, Lange CM. Quinolone and Multidrug Resistance Predicts Failure of Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1916-1924. [PMID: 31228250 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is unknown. We evaluated the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone-based SBP prophylaxis in an era and area of frequent antibiotic resistance. METHODS This is a prospective observational study in patients with liver cirrhosis and an indication for fluoroquinolone-based prophylaxis of SBP. Patients were recruited and followed in a large German tertiary reference center with comprehensive microbiological and clinical monitoring performed at baseline and after 30, 60, 90, and 180 days of prophylaxis. RESULTS Overall, 77 patients received antibiotic prophylaxis for an average of 93 days. Baseline prevalence of colonization with MDROs was high (N = 39, 50.6%). At least one de novo MDRO was detected in 27 patients (35.1%) during antibiotic prophylaxis; 33 patients (42.9%) developed secondary infections, including 14 cases (17.9%) of infections with MDROs, and 13 cases (16.9%) of de novo/recurrent SBP. Thirty patients (39.0%) died during follow-up. Significantly higher risks of SBP development during antibiotic prophylaxis were observed for patients with versus without any apparent MDROs (P = .009), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (P = .008), multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (P = .016), or quinolone-resistant gram-negative bacteria (QR-GNB) (P = .015). In competing risk analysis, QR-GNB were independently associated with prophylaxis failure (hazard ratio, 3.39; P = .045) and infections with QR-GNB were independently associated with death before SBP (subdistribution hazard risk, 6.47; P = .034). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic prophylaxis of SBP appears to be less efficient in patients with known MDROs. Regular MDRO screening seems to be useful to tailor treatment of secondary infections and re-evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis in case of selection of quinolone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Mücke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amelie Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johanna Kessel
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victoria T Mücke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitra Bon
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarzkopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rüschenbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Queck
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annika Vermehren
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Walter Welker
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Reinheimer
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hogardt
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Vermehren
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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