1
|
Natahi S, Neubauer S, Tsegai ZJ, Hublin JJ, Gunz P. Cranial vault thickness, its internal organization, and its relationship with endocranial shape in Neanderthals and modern humans. J Hum Evol 2025; 204:103683. [PMID: 40359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Compared to the more elongated crania of Neanderthals, modern humans have a rounder, more globular cranial vault. The factors contributing to this globular cranial and endocranial morphology remain poorly understood. Cranial vault thickness (CVT) plays a role in shaping the braincase. It has been proposed that CVT variation in hominins reflects distinct stimuli influencing the cranial vault layers to different degrees. We aim to determine to what extent CVT differences could explain the well-documented endocranial shape differences between modern humans and Neanderthals. Additionally, we quantify the contributions of each cranial vault layer-the inner and outer tables and the diploë-to elucidate the processes driving CVT variation. We analyzed crania from seven Neanderthals and 75 modern humans using a ray casting method to measure cortical, diploic, and overall CVT. We generated morphometric maps of thickness distributions for each cranial vault layer. We then quantified the endocranial shape using geometric morphometrics and analyzed its relationship with CVT using two-block partial least squares analysis and regression models. Our findings reveal that Neanderthals generally have greater CVT and thicker layers of the cranial vault than modern humans. However, their ranges overlap with those of modern humans. The thicker vaults of Neanderthals are primarily driven by the diploic layer, with notable differences in thickness distribution patterns. Additionally, the inner and outer cortical tables exhibit distinct thickness distribution patterns between the two groups. Structural differences between the parietal bones of Neanderthals and modern humans are particularly pronounced. Furthermore, we observed a unique correspondence between CVT and endocranial shape in modern humans, which is not shared by Neanderthals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sélim Natahi
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB, Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Simon Neubauer
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Zewdi J Tsegai
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 60637 Chicago, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB, Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hui J, Wu X, Balzeau A. Reappraisal of the Morphological Affinities of the Maba 1 Cranium: New Evidence From Internal Cranial Anatomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2025; 187:e70064. [PMID: 40401630 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maba 1 is a critical fossil from the late Middle Pleistocene Asia. It is well-known for the Neanderthal-like face, while its neurocranium shows affinities with many hominin taxa, which makes the taxonomic status of Maba 1 controversial. Beyond the limited information from the external surface, we investigate in detail its internal structures, which are largely unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reconstructed and described its frontal sinuses, diploic vessels, endocast, and bone thickness, using micro-CT data. Linear measurements were applied for the frontal sinuses and endocast, and the latter was also analyzed through geometric morphometrics. A comparison is made after considering the preservation of Maba 1 and the availability of comparative specimens. RESULTS The linear discriminant analyses for the frontal sinus cluster Maba 1 with Homo neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 diploic vessels anastomosed with the parietal foramen, a rare trait among H. neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 endocast differs from Homo erectus in the frontal lobe, but it was generally closer to H. erectus than to H. neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Generally, Maba 1 shares higher resemblances with other debated specimens, including LH18, Djebel Irhoud, and Broken Hill 1. The bregmatic thickness of Maba 1 differed from most H. erectus, while patterns in other areas share similarities with H. neanderthalensis and some H. erectus. DISCUSSION The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species. These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Hui
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle des Humanités Préhistoriques, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle des Humanités Préhistoriques, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Paris, France
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hui J, Balzeau A. Investigating the relationship between cranial bone thickness and diploic channels: A first comparison between fossil Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2036-2046. [PMID: 38059273 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diploic veins are part of the circulatory system of the head. They transport venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid and are housed in diploic channels (DCs). DCs are highly variable in terms of their position, extension, and size. These parameters were hypothesized to be related to the variations in cranial vault thickness (CVT). For the first time, we analyzed the spatial relationship between CVT and DCs in a sample of eight H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens cranial fossils. Using micro-CT scanning data, we constructed color maps of the CVT and visually inspected whether the regional thickness variation was associated with the morphology and distribution of the DC branches. The results showed that when regional bone thickness was below a certain threshold, no DCs or scattered small DC branches were present. Larger DC branches appeared only when the thickness exceeded the threshold. However, once the threshold was reached, further increases in thickness no longer resulted in more or larger DCs. This study also found that our sample of H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens have different distribution patterns in thin areas, which may affect how their DCs connect with different branches of the middle meningeal vessels. This preliminary study provides evidence for the discussion on the interaction between the cranium, brain, and blood vessels. Future research should include more hominin fossils to better document the variation within each species and possible evolutionary trends among hominin lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Hui
- PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Ecole Doctorale 227 Sciences de la nature et de l'Homme: évolution et écologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194 Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez-Olivencia A, López-Onaindia D, Sala N, Balzeau A, Pantoja-Pérez A, Arganda-Carreras I, Arlegi M, Rios-Garaizar J, Gómez-Robles A. The human remains from Axlor (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:475-491. [PMID: 31889305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the description and comparative analysis of all the human fossil remains found at Axlor during the excavations carried out by J. M. de Barandiarán from 1967 to 1974: a cranial vault fragment and seven teeth, five of which likely belonged to the same individual, although two are currently lost. Our goal is to describe in detail all these human remains and discuss both their taxonomic attribution and their stratigraphic context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe external and internal anatomy, and use classic and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Axlor are compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans. RESULTS Two teeth (a left dm2 , a left di1 ) and the parietal fragment show morphological features consistent with a Neandertal classification, and were found in an undisturbed Mousterian context. The remaining three teeth (plus the two lost ones), initially classified as Neandertals, show morphological features and a general size that are more compatible with their classification as modern humans. DISCUSSION A left parietal fragment (Level VIII) from a single probably adult Neandertal individual was recovered during the old excavations performed by Barandiarán. Additionally, two different Neandertal children lost deciduous teeth during the formations of levels V (left di1 ) and IV (right dm2 ). In addition, a modern human individual is represented by five remains (two currently lost) from a complex stratigraphic setting. Some of the morphological features of these remains suggest that they may represent one of the scarce examples of Upper Paleolithic modern human remains in the northern Iberian Peninsula, which should be confirmed by direct dating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego López-Onaindia
- GREAB, Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facutat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nohemi Sala
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.,Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Ana Pantoja-Pérez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Computacion e Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joseba Rios-Garaizar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DEL OLMO LIANES IRENE, BRUNER EMILIANO, CAMBRA-MOO OSCAR, MOLINA MORENO MARÍA, GONZÁLEZ MARTÍN ARMANDO. Cranial vault thickness measurement and distribution: a study with a magnetic calliper. ANTHROPOL SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IRENE DEL OLMO LIANES
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
| | - EMILIANO BRUNER
- Programa de Paleobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos
| | - OSCAR CAMBRA-MOO
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
- Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología Antigua y Medieval, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo
| | - MARÍA MOLINA MORENO
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
| | - ARMANDO GONZÁLEZ MARTÍN
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid
- Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología Antigua y Medieval, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beaudet A, Carlson KJ, Clarke RJ, de Beer F, Dhaene J, Heaton JL, Pickering TR, Stratford D. Cranial vault thickness variation and inner structural organization in the StW 578 hominin cranium from Jacovec Cavern, South Africa. J Hum Evol 2018; 121:204-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
7
|
Using modern human cortical bone distribution to test the systemic robusticity hypothesis. J Hum Evol 2018; 119:64-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Copes LE. Cranial vault thickness in non-human primates: Allometric and geometric analyses of the vault and its component layers. J Hum Evol 2016; 101:90-100. [PMID: 27886813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extremely thick cranial vaults have been noted as a diagnostic characteristic of Homo erectus since the first fossil of the species was identified, but relatively little work has been done on elucidating its variation within extant non-human primates. Cranial vault thickness (CVT) is not a monolithic trait, and the relationship of its layers to other morphological variables is unknown. Total CVT and the thickness of the cortical and diploë layers individually, as well as the ratio between diploë and total thickness, were calculated from 258 female individuals from 47 species of non-human primate. Measures of CVT were then regressed onto measures of body, brain, vault, facial, and mandibular size as well as vault shape. Total frontal and parietal CVT scales with positive allometry or isometry with measures of size across a combined non-human primate sample, although some variation exists within each infraorder and when diploë thickness alone is compared to measures of size. CVT in this sample correlates weakly with cranial vault shape, but the relationship described here contradicts an earlier hypothesis that long, low vaults should be thicker than higher, globular vaults. This study provides new data on the variation of vault morphology among extant primates that may be used to inform future hypotheses for the cranial vault hypertrophy of H. erectus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E Copes
- Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 874101, Tempe, AZ 85287-4101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eisová S, Rangel de Lázaro G, Píšová H, Pereira-Pedro S, Bruner E. Parietal Bone Thickness and Vascular Diameters in Adult Modern Humans: A Survey on Cranial Remains. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:888-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Eisová
- Grupo de Paleobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana; Burgos Spain
| | - Gizéh Rangel de Lázaro
- Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Institut Català De Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES); Tarragona Spain
| | - Hana Píšová
- Katedra antropologie a genetiky člověka, Univerzita Karlova; Czech Republic
- Antropologické oddělení Přírodovědeckého muzea; Narodnı Muzeum Prague Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Pereira-Pedro
- Grupo de Paleobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana; Burgos Spain
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Grupo de Paleobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana; Burgos Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Balzeau A, Charlier P. What do cranial bones of LB1 tell us about Homo floresiensis? J Hum Evol 2016; 93:12-24. [PMID: 27086053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cranial vault thickness (CVT) of Liang Bua 1, the specimen that is proposed to be the holotype of Homo floresiensis, has not yet been described in detail and compared with samples of fossil hominins, anatomically modern humans or microcephalic skulls. In addition, a complete description from a forensic and pathological point of view has not yet been carried out. It is important to evaluate scientifically if features related to CVT bring new information concerning the possible pathological status of LB1, and if it helps to recognize affinities with any hominin species and particularly if the specimen could belong to the species Homo sapiens. Medical examination of the skull based on a micro-CT examination clearly brings to light the presence of a sincipital T (a non-metrical variant of normal anatomy), a scar from an old frontal trauma without any evident functional consequence, and a severe bilateral hyperostosis frontalis interna that may have modified the anterior morphology of the endocranium of LB1. We also show that LB1 displays characteristics, related to the distribution of bone thickness and arrangements of cranial structures, that are plesiomorphic traits for hominins, at least for Homo erectus s.l. relative to Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. All the microcephalic skulls analyzed here share the derived condition of anatomically modern H. sapiens. Cranial vault thickness does not help to clarify the definition of the species H. floresiensis but it also does not support an attribution of LB1 to H. sapiens. We conclude that there is no support for the attribution of LB1 to H. sapiens as there is no evidence of systemic pathology and because it does not have any of the apomorphic traits of our species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194 du CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Charlier
- Section of Medical and Forensic Anthropology, UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ/Paris-Descartes University, AP-HP), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Copes LE, Kimbel WH. Cranial vault thickness in primates: Homo erectus does not have uniquely thick vault bones. J Hum Evol 2016; 90:120-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
KAIFU YOUSUKE, KURNIAWAN IWAN, KUBO DAISUKE, SUDIYABUDI ERICK, PUTRO GUNAWANPONTJO, PRASANTI ENDANG, AZIZ FACHROEL, BABA HISAO. Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications. ANTHROPOL SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.150702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YOUSUKE KAIFU
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - IWAN KURNIAWAN
- Geological Museum, Centre for Geological Survey, Bandung
| | - DAISUKE KUBO
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
| | | | | | | | - FACHROEL AZIZ
- Geological Museum, Centre for Geological Survey, Bandung
| | - HISAO BABA
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anzelmo M, Ventrice F, Barbeito-Andrés J, Pucciarelli HM, Sardi ML. Ontogenetic changes in cranial vault thickness in a modern sample ofHomo sapiens. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:475-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Anzelmo
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Fernando Ventrice
- Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Departamento de Imágenes; Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea; FLENI Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Héctor M. Pucciarelli
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina L. Sardi
- División Antropología; Museo de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n. La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|