1
|
Chauhan A, Patel MK, Nayak MK, Saini SS. Chargeability study of disinfectants and the optimization of design parameters of a handheld electrostatic disinfection device for small scale applications. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286740. [PMID: 37289733 PMCID: PMC10249885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from aerosols, contaminated surfaces with SARS-CoV-2 virus are the significant carriers of virus transmission. The disinfection and sanitization of the indoor and outdoor places are one among the powerful and effective strategies to avoid the surface-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) through frequent touch and physical contact. Electrostatic spraying is one of the effective and efficient methods to apply the liquid-based sprays on surfaces to be disinfected or sanitized. This technique covers the directly exposed and obscured surfaces uniformly and reaches to hidden areas of the target. In this paper, the design and performance parameters of a motorized pressure-nozzle based handheld electrostatic disinfection device were optimized and the chargeability of ethanol (C2H5OH), formaldehyde (CH2O), glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol (C6H5OH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been critically investigated. The chargeability indicator for disinfectants was presented in terms of the charge-to-mass ratio. The significant value of the charge-to-mass ratio of 1.82 mC/kg was achieved at an applied voltage of 2.0 kV, the liquid flow rate and pressure of 28 ml/min and 5 MPa, respectively. The experimental results are well aligned to the proposed theoretical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Chauhan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Manufacturing Science and Instrumentation (MSI), CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Manufacturing Science and Instrumentation (MSI), CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Materials Science and Sensor Applications (MSSA), CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surender Singh Saini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indo Swiss Training Centre (ISTC), CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hopman J, Tostmann A, Wertheim H, Bos M, Kolwijck E, Akkermans R, Sturm P, Voss A, Pickkers P, Vd Hoeven H. Reduced rate of intensive care unit acquired gram-negative bacilli after removal of sinks and introduction of 'water-free' patient care. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:59. [PMID: 28616203 PMCID: PMC5466749 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sinks in patient rooms are associated with hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removal of sinks from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient rooms and the introduction of ‘water-free’ patient care on gram-negative bacilli colonization rates. Methods We conducted a 2-year pre/post quasi-experimental study that compared monthly gram-negative bacilli colonization rates pre- and post-intervention using segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series data. Five ICUs of a tertiary care medical center were included. Participants were all patients of 18 years and older admitted to our ICUs for at least 48 h who also received selective digestive tract decontamination during the twelve month pre-intervention or the twelve month post-intervention period. The effect of sink removal and the introduction of ‘water-free’ patient care on colonization rates with gram-negative bacilli was evaluated. The main outcome of this study was the monthly colonization rate with gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Yeast colonization rates were used as a ‘negative control’. In addition, colonization rates were calculated for first positive culture results from cultures taken ≥3, ≥5, ≥7, ≥10 and ≥14 days after ICU-admission, rate ratios (RR) were calculated and differences tested with chi-squared tests. Results In the pre-intervention period, 1496 patients (9153 admission days) and in the post-intervention period 1444 patients (9044 admission days) were included. Segmented regression analysis showed that the intervention was followed by a statistically significant immediate reduction in GNB colonization in absence of a pre or post intervention trend in GNB colonization. The overall GNB colonization rate dropped from 26.3 to 21.6 GNB/1000 ICU admission days (colonization rate ratio 0.82; 95%CI 0.67–0.99; P = 0.02). The reduction in GNB colonization rate became more pronounced in patients with a longer ICU-Length of Stay (LOS): from a 1.22-fold reduction (≥2 days), to a 1.6-fold (≥5 days; P = 0.002), 2.5-fold (for ≥10 days; P < 0.001) to a 3.6-fold (≥14 days; P < 0.001) reduction. Conclusions Removal of sinks from patient rooms and introduction of a method of ‘water-free’ patient care is associated with a significant reduction of patient colonization with GNB, especially in patients with a longer ICU length of stay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0213-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Hopman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alma Tostmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman Wertheim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Kolwijck
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier Akkermans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Sturm
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Laurentius hospital, Roermond, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vd Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manual cleaning of hospital mattresses: an observational study comparing high- and low-resource settings. J Hosp Infect 2015; 92:14-8. [PMID: 26607236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are more frequently encountered in low- than in high-resource settings. There is a need to identify and implement feasible and sustainable approaches to strengthen HAI prevention in low-resource settings. AIM To evaluate the biological contamination of routinely cleaned mattresses in both high- and low-resource settings. METHODS In this two-stage observational study, routine manual bed cleaning was evaluated at two university hospitals using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Standardized training of cleaning personnel was achieved in both high- and low-resource settings. Qualitative analysis of the cleaning process was performed to identify predictors of cleaning outcome in low-resource settings. FINDINGS Mattresses in low-resource settings were highly contaminated prior to cleaning. Cleaning significantly reduced biological contamination of mattresses in low-resource settings (P < 0.0001). After training, the contamination observed after cleaning in both the high- and low-resource settings seemed comparable. Cleaning with appropriate type of cleaning materials reduced the contamination of mattresses adequately. Predictors for mattresses that remained contaminated in a low-resource setting included: type of product used, type of ward, training, and the level of contamination prior to cleaning. CONCLUSION In low-resource settings mattresses were highly contaminated as noted by ATP levels. Routine manual cleaning by trained staff can be as effective in a low-resource setting as in a high-resource setting. We recommend a multi-modal cleaning strategy that consists of training of domestic services staff, availability of adequate time to clean beds between patients, and application of the correct type of cleaning products.
Collapse
|