Piñal FD. Bone Grafts and Flaps in the Management of Complex Upper-Extremity Defects: Indications and Outcomes.
Clin Plast Surg 2024;
51:515-526. [PMID:
39216938 DOI:
10.1016/j.cps.2024.03.001]
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Abstract
Reconstruction of bony defects is challenging. Most cases can be solved by means of nonvascularized bone grafts, either corticocancellous or cancellous. However, when the defect is long, there is a combined soft tissue defect, infection, a poor scarred bed, and when a piece of cartilage needs to be included, a vascularized bone graft is preferred. This article features a review of the most useful flaps for small and long defects in the hand and upper limb.
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