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Holic L. Common skin cancers and their association with other non-cutaneous primary malignancies: a review of the literature. Med Oncol 2024; 41:157. [PMID: 38758457 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that a history of skin cancer puts one at risk for additional primary skin cancers. However, more variable data exists for the risk of developing a non-cutaneous primary cancer following a diagnosis of skin cancer. The data are most variable for Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), the most common and least aggressive type of skin cancer. While early studies imply that BCC does not impart a larger risk of other primary non-cutaneous cancers, more recent studies with larger populations suggest otherwise. The cancers most significantly associated with BCC are lip, oropharyngeal, and salivary gland cancer. There is also burgeoning evidence to suggest a link between BCC and prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer, but more data are needed to draw a concrete conclusion. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), the second most common type of skin cancer, has a slightly more defined risk to other non-cutaneous primary malignancies. There is a notable link between SCC and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), possibly due to immunosuppression. There is also an increased risk of other cancers derived from squamous epithelium following SCC, including oropharyngeal, lip, and salivary gland cancer. Some studies also suggest an increased risk of respiratory tract cancer following SCC, possibly due to shared risk factors. Melanoma, a more severe type of skin cancer, shows a well-defined risk of additional primary non-cutaneous malignancies. The most significant of these risks include NHL, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer along with a host of other cancers. Each of these three main skin cancer types has a profile of genetic mutations that have also been linked to non-cutaneous malignancies. In this review, we discuss a selection of these genes to highlight the complex interplay between different tumorigenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Holic
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Smith J, Cust AE, Lo SN. Risk factors for subsequent primary melanoma in patients with previous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:174-183. [PMID: 37562043 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with the general population, people with a previous melanoma are at increased risk of developing another primary melanoma. Understanding the risk factors associated with multiple primary melanomas can inform patient education and tailored surveillance. OBJECTIVES To examine the risk factors for subsequent primary melanoma in people with a previous melanoma, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and MEDLINE. Studies that reported a risk estimate or raw frequencies and conducted between 1982 and August 2022 were included. Adjusted risk estimates were prioritized over univariable risk estimates. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to derive pooled estimates. Quality assessment was conducted by two researchers using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. GRADE was used to rate the certainty and quality of the evidence. RESULTS Data from 27 studies involving 413 181 participants were pooled and analysed. Risk factors assessed included age and sex, environmental, lifestyle, phenotypic, genetic and histopathological factors, and there was wide variation in how they were categorized and analysed. Independent risk factors identified from pooled analyses included male sex [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-1.53], increasing age per 10 years (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14-1.24), light skin colour (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23-1.70), family history [odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.25-2.56], CDKN2A mutation (OR 5.29, 95% CI 2.70-10.37), a high or moderate naevus count [OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.61-4.30) and OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07-2.51), respectively], one or more atypical naevi (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.52-5.97), first lesions occurring on the head or neck, lentigo maligna subtype (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.15-1.17), other subtype (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27) and inadequate sun protection (HR 1.85, 95% CI 0.98-3.50). Based on the GRADE criteria, there was high to very low confidence in the pooled effect estimates. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis identified several consistent, independent risk factors for the development of subsequent primary melanoma. These findings will help stratify the risk of subsequent melanoma, tailor skin-check schedules and inform patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Smith
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health
| | - Anne E Cust
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Kozyra P, Adamczuk G, Karczmarzyk Z, Matysiak J, Podkościelna B, Humeniuk E, Wysocki W, Korga-Plewko A, Senczyna B, Pitucha M. Novel phenoxyacetylthiosemicarbazide derivatives as novel ligands in cancer diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116634. [PMID: 37482255 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies report an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in patients with melanoma and an increased risk of developing melanoma in patients with prostate cancer. Based on our previous studies demonstrating the high anticancer activity of thiosemicarbazides with a phenoxy moiety, we designed nineteen phenoxyacetylthiosemicarbazide derivatives and four of them acting as potential dual-ligands for both cancers. All of the compounds were characterized by their melting points and 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra. For selected compounds, X-ray investigations were carried out to confirm the synthesis pathway, identify the tautomeric form and intra- and intermolecular interaction in the crystalline state. The conformational preferences and electronic structure of molecules were investigated by theoretical calculation method. Lipophilicity of compounds (log kw) was determined using isocratic reversed phase/high pressure liquid chromatography RP-18. For the obtained compounds, in vitro tests were carried out on four melanoma cell lines (A375, G-361, SK-MEL2, SK-MEL28), four prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, VcaP) and a normal human fibroblast cell line (BJ). The most active compounds turned out to be F6. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, CellROX staining and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis were performed for the most sensitive cancer cells treated with most active compounds. DSC analysis was additionally performed for selected compounds to determine their purity, compatibility, and thermal stability. The process of prooxidation was proposed as a potential mechanism of anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, PL-20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, PL 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Senczyna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, PL-20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
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Antoñanzas J, Morello-Vicente A, Garnacho-Saucedo GM, Redondo P, Aguado-Gil L, Salido-Vallejo R. Risk of Second Primary Malignancies in Melanoma Survivors: A Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113056. [PMID: 37297018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The association between melanoma (MM) and the occurrence of second primary neoplasms (SPNs) has been extensively studied, with reported incidence rates ranging from 1.5% to 20%. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of SPNs in patients with a history of primary MM and to describe the factors that make the risk higher in our population. (2) Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study and calculated the incidence rates and relative risks (RR) for the development of different SPNs in 529 MM survivors from 1 January 2005 to 1 August 2021. Survival and mortality rates were obtained, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the demographic and MM-related factors that influence the overall risk. (3) Results: Among the 529 patients included, 89 were diagnosed with SPNs (29 prior to MM diagnosis, 11 synchronous, and 49 after MM), resulting in 62 skin tumors and 37 solid organ tumors. The estimated probability of developing SPNs after MM diagnosis was 4.1% at 1 year, 11% at 5 years, and 19% at 10 years. Older age, primary MM location on the face or neck, and histologic subtype of lentigo maligna mm were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPNs. (4) Conclusions: In our population, the risk of developing SPNs was higher in patients with primary MM located on the face and neck and with the histological subtype of lentigo maligna-MM. Age also independently influences the risk. Understanding these hazard factors can aid in the development of MM guidelines with specific follow-up recommendations for individuals with the highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Antoñanzas
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Redondo
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Aguado-Gil
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Salido-Vallejo
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Cutaneous melanoma, prostate-specific antigen testing and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective analysis of the 45 and Up Study. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:71-79. [PMID: 36319848 PMCID: PMC9814593 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cutaneous melanoma and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PC) was examined in a large population-based cohort study. METHODS Male participants in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (Australia) were recruited between 2006 and 2009. Questionnaire data and linked administrative health data from the Centre for Health Record Linkage and Services Australia identified melanomas diagnosed between 1/1/1994 and 12 months before Study recruitment (i.e., between 2005 and 2008), incident PCs, primary healthcare utilisation and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. Men were excluded from the current analyses if they had a recorded PC or other cancer diagnosis other than melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer prior to recruitment. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for PSA-testing frequency before PC diagnosis. RESULTS Of 96,548 eligible men, 1899 were diagnosed with melanoma during the melanoma diagnosis period and 3677 incident PC diagnosed during follow-up (latest date 31/12/2013). Men with melanoma diagnosis had increased risk of a subsequent PC diagnoses (vs. no melanoma; fully adjusted HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09-1.60). There was weak evidence of higher risks of a subsequent PC diagnosis for men diagnosed with more than one melanoma compared to men diagnosed with only one melanoma (p = 0.077), and if first melanoma diagnosis was 10 to 15 years before Study recruitment (fully adjusted HR = 2.05; 95% CI [1.35, 3.12]). CONCLUSION Melanoma diagnosis was associated with increased risk of subsequent PC diagnosis, after adjusting for PSA testing and primary healthcare utilisation. While our ability to adjust for PC screening reduced risk of detection bias, we acknowledge that residual confounding from increased medical surveillance after melanoma diagnoses cannot be entirely ruled out.
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Yu P, Xu R, Yang Z, Ye T, Liu Y, Li S, Abramson MJ, Kimlin M, Guo Y. Cancer and Ongoing Climate Change: Who Are the Most Affected? ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 3:5-11. [PMID: 36691655 PMCID: PMC9853937 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of premature death in many counties in recent decades. Previous studies showed plenty of evidence that control of modifiable risk factors would reduce the cancer burden. Since modifiable risk factors could be eliminated by changing the lifestyles of individuals, a greater uptake of modifiable risk factors is critical to reducing cancer burden and inequality in cancer survival. However, climate change will widen cancer inequities through its complex connections with modifiable risk factors. In this perspective, complex connections between climate change and cancer risks via modifiable risk factors, including abnormal temperature, UV, air pollution, natural disasters, food (diet), water, infections, and inefficient physical activities, have been summarized. The associations between climate change and modifiable risk factors have no doubt expanded the inequities. People who face overlapping modifiable risk factors, but who are unable to change or adapt, are at the highest risk in the climate change-cancer linkage. Though individual actions to avoid exposure to modifiable risk factors have been recommended, limited benefits would be achieved unless the nations strive to ensure the basic needs of the people. No choice makes avoiding exposure to risk factors an empty phrase. Thus, government actions should be taken to reduce the expanded inequities in cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yanming Liu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael Kimlin
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia,
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7
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Sun H, Li Y, Zeng F, Meng Y, Du S, Deng G. Melanoma survivors are at increased risk for second primary keratinocyte carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:1397-1404. [PMID: 35726477 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent large cohorts have reported that melanoma survivors are at risk of developing second keratinocyte carcinoma (KC). However, the detailed proportion and risk are still unknown. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the risk of developing keratinocyte carcinoma after primary melanoma. METHODS We conducted systematic literature research in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library published prior to September 13, 2021. Proportion and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled for assessing the risk. RESULTS A total of 15 studies encompassing 168,286 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled proportions of melanoma survivors that developed a subsequent basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and KC were 4.11% (95% CI, 1.32-6.90), 2.54% (95% CI, 1.78-3.31), and 5.45% (95% CI, 3.06-7.84), respectively. The risks of developing a second BCC, SCC, and KC in melanoma survivors were 5.3-fold (SIR 5.30; 95% CI, 4.87-5.77), 2.6-fold (SIR 2.58; 95% CI, 1.33-5.04), and 6.2-fold (SIR 6.17; 95% CI, 3.66-10.39) increased in comparison with the general population. Both fixed effects and random effects models were applied in conducting meta-analysis and reached a consistent conclusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated melanoma survivors are at elevated risk of experiencing second primary BCC and SCC, which suggested the significance of surveillance for second primary KC and efforts for prevention in patients with a history of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yayun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songtao Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Ulanja MB, Beutler BD, Antwi-Amoabeng D, Cohen PR, Moody AE, Rahman GA, Djankpa FT, Gullapalli N, Boampong-Konam K, Macaire JK, Bowman AT, Baral S, Bowles DW. Second primary malignancies in patients with melanoma in situ: Insights from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 72:101932. [PMID: 33773145 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma in situ (MIS) is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the United States. Emerging data suggest that MIS is associated with an increased risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM). OBJECTIVES To determine trends in MIS-associated SPMs and identify MIS-specific features that increase SPM risk. METHODS In this retrospective population-based study, we identified 90,075 patients who were diagnosed with MIS between 1973 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The risk of developing an SPM among these individuals was compared to individuals without a diagnosis of MIS. The risk of developing an SPM among patients with a diagnosis of MIS was also increased over time. RESULTS Patients with a diagnosis of MIS had an increased relative risk (RR) of developing an SPM as compared to the general population with an identical age, sex, race, and follow-up period. The RR of a metachronous malignancy in MIS patients also increased over time, as follows: 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.07-1.26), 1.19 (95 % CI: 1.14-1.23), 1.30 (95 % CI: 1.27-1.33), and 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.49-1.56) in 1973-1982, 1983-1992, 1993-2002, and 2003-2015, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a direct correlation between the number of MIS lesions and SPM risk; ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 tumors portended a 1.5-2, 2-3, and 4-5-fold increased risk of developing an SPM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MIS is associated with an increased risk of developing an SPM and therefore individuals with a history of MIS may benefit from close medical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Ulanja
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Vallejo, CA, USA; San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA
| | - Alastair E Moody
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ganiyu A Rahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis T Djankpa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Nageshwara Gullapalli
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Jessica K Macaire
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Xu W, Hou D, Kang Z. Clinical characteristics and overall survival nomogram of second primary malignancies after prostate cancer, a SEER population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1293. [PMID: 33446816 PMCID: PMC7809269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among males and the survival period of PCa has been significantly extended. However, the probability of suffering from second primary malignancies (SPMs) has also increased. Therefore, we downloaded SPM samples from the SEER database and then retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics of 34,891 PCa patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. After excluding cases with unknown clinical information, 2203 patients were used to construct and validate the overall survival (OS) nomogram of SPM patients after PCa. We found that approximately 3.69% of PCa patients were subsequently diagnosed with SPMs. In addition, the three most prevalent sites of SPM were respiratory and intrathoracic organs, skin, and hematopoietic system. The top three histological types of SPMs were squamous cell carcinoma, adenoma and adenocarcinoma, nevi and melanoma. Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that the site of SPM, age, TNM stage, SPM surgery history, and PCa stage were associated with the OS of SPM. By virtue of these factors, we constructed a nomogram to predict the OS of SPM. The C-index in the training set and validation set were 0.824 (95CI, 0.806-0.842) and 0.862 (95CI, 0.840-0.884), respectively. Furthermore, we plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC) which showed that our model performed well in assessing the 3-year (0.861 and 0.887) and 5-year (0.837 and 0.842) OS of SPMs in the training and validation set. In summary, we investigated the general characteristics of SPMs and constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of SPM following PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lichuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dongtao Hou
- Department of Urology, Xinzheng Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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10
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Deng W, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu J, Wang L, Yang Z, Yang M, An Y, Tang C, Sanford NN, Kim BYS, Jiang W. Assessment of Trends in Second Primary Cancers in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma From 2005 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2028627. [PMID: 33295975 PMCID: PMC7726633 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To date, the risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs) after the first primary melanoma has not been studied in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). OBJECTIVE To assess differences in the risk of SPCs in patients with primary melanoma before (2005-2010) and after (2011-2016) the introduction and approval of ICIs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from January 2005 to December 2016 of patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. Data were analyzed from January 4 to June 30, 2020. EXPOSURES Receipt of immunotherapy or other anticancer agents. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the development of second primary cancers in patients with melanoma. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for the development of SPCs before and after the introduction of ICIs. RESULTS Among 5016 patients with diagnosed metastatic melanoma, 2888 (58%) were younger than 65 years at the time of diagnosis, and 3441 (69%) were male. From 2005 to 2010, SIRs were 3.24 (95% CI, 0.08-18.04) for small intestine cancer, 1.93 (95% CI, 1.14-3.05) for lung and bronchus cancer, 2.77 (95% CI, 1.02-6.03) for kidney cancer, and 7.29 (95% CI, 2.93-15.02) for myeloma. From 2011 to 2016, SIRs were 9.23 (95% CI, 1.12-33.35) for small intestine cancer, 1.54 (95% CI, 0.71-2.93) for lung and bronchus cancer, 2.66 (95% CI, 0.73-6.82) for kidney cancer, and 5.90 (95% CI, 1.61-15.10) for myeloma. The overall risk of developing SPCs in individuals who survived the first primary melanoma was 65% higher (SIR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.35-2.00) in the pre-ICIs period and 98% higher (SIR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.57-2.45) in the post-ICIs period than the overall cancer incidence rate in the general population. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, an increase in the overall risk of second primary cancers after melanoma after the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors was observed. The pattern of SPCs has been altered in the era of systemic therapy. Close monitoring and screening for SPCs may be warranted in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Jieqiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yi An
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Nina N. Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Betty Y. S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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11
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Acharya P, Mathur M. Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3604-3612. [PMID: 32175697 PMCID: PMC7221441 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Acharya
- Department of Dermatology College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal
| | - Mahesh Mathur
- Department of Dermatology College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal
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