1
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Peled A, Sprecher E. Proteolytic and Antiproteolytic Activity in the Skin: Gluing the Pieces Together. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:466-473. [PMID: 37865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is ultimately aimed at the formation of a functional barrier capable of protecting the organism from the environment while preventing loss of biologically vital elements. Epidermal differentiation entails a delicately regulated process of cell-cell junction formation and dissolution to enable upward cell migration and desquamation. Over the past two decades, the deciphering of the genetic basis of a number of inherited conditions has delineated the pivotal role played in this process by a series of proteases and protease inhibitors, including serpins, cathepsins, and cystatins, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in both rare and common disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Shimomura Y. SERPINA12-associated palmoplantar keratoderma may be prevalent across different populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:247-248. [PMID: 38268400 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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3
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Malovitski K, Sarig O, Feller Y, Bergson S, Assaf S, Mohamad J, Pavlovsky M, Giladi M, Sprecher E. Defective cathepsin Z affects EGFR expression and causes autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:302-311. [PMID: 37210216 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormal function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has recently been shown to underlie various disorders of cornification. OBJECTIVES To delineate the genetic basis of a novel dominant form of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). METHODS Whole-exome (WES) and direct sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, protein modelling, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, three-dimensional skin equivalents and an enzyme activity assay were used to delineate the genetic basis of a novel dominant form of PPK. RESULTS WES revealed heterozygous variants (c.274T > C and c.305C > T) in CTSZ (encoding cathepsin Z) in four individuals (belonging to three unrelated families) with focal PPK. Bioinformatics and protein modelling predicted the variants to be pathogenic. Previous studies have suggested that EGFR expression may be subject to cathepsin regulation. Immunofluorescence revealed reduced cathepsin Z expression in the upper epidermal layers and concomitant increased epidermal EGFR expression in patients harbouring CTSZ variants. Accordingly, human keratinocytes transfected with constructs expressing PPK-causing variants in CTSZ displayed reduced cathepsin Z enzymatic activity, as well as increased EGFR expression. In line with the role played by EGFR in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, human keratinocytes transfected with the PPK-causing variants showed significantly increased proliferation that was abolished upon exposure to erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor. Similarly, downregulation of CTSZ resulted in increased EGFR expression and increased proliferation in human keratinocytes, suggestive of a loss-of-function effect of the pathogenic variants. Finally, three-dimensional organotypic skin equivalents grown from CTSZ-downregulated cells showed increased epidermal thickness and EGFR expression as seen in patient skin; here, too, erlotinib was found to rescue the abnormal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Taken collectively, these observations attribute to cathepsin Z a hitherto unrecognized function in epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yarden Feller
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Bergson
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Janan Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Giladi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Clabbers JMK, Bolling MC, Burms C, Vreeburg M, Lemmink HH, van den Akker PC, Steijlen PM, van Geel M, Gostyński AH. Palmoplantar keratoderma as a clinical feature of pathogenic variants in the filaggrin gene. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e486-e490. [PMID: 36308042 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M K Clabbers
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Burms
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny H Lemmink
- Department of Genetics, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoni H Gostyński
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Expertise for Genodermatoses, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Liu J, Chen Z, Hu L, Song Z, Mo R, Tsang LSL, Liu Y, Huang X, Gong Z, Lin Z, Yang Y. Investigation of Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma in China: A cross-sectional study of 234 patients. J Dermatol 2023; 50:375-382. [PMID: 36317385 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma (NPPK) is the most prevalent hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in China, but there is a paucity of epidemiological data on the Chinese population. To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics, evaluate the demographic distribution, and estimate the burden of disease of NPPK. A total of 234 Chinese patients with NPPK were enrolled from two medical centers and an online PPK support group. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen out and confirm pathogenic mutations in SERPINB7. Clinical features and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated using self-completed questionnaires. In total, 14 pathogenic mutations were identified in SERPINB7 from the cohort. The top four recurrent mutations were c.796C>T (355, 75.9%), c.522dupT (66, 14.1%), c.650_653delCTGT (24, 5.1%), and c.455G>T (12, 2.6%), accounting for 97.6% of Chinese NPPK patients. Other mutations (11, 2.4%) include c.455-1G>T, c.336+2T>G, c.635delG and seven novel mutations c.2T>C, c.434delG, c.455-16A>G, c.656T>C, c.745-553T>G, c.832C>T, c.1036G>T. The estimated prevalence of NPPK in China was found to be 0.975/10 000 based on Chinese databases. Clinically, there were no apparent genotype-phenotype correlations in NPPK patients. Pediatric patients mainly presented with palmoplantar peeling, while adults presented with scale (p < 0.001). The most common comorbidities in NPPK patients were onychomycosis (40.0%), eczema (36.8%), and tinea pedis (30.3%). As for burden of disease, NPPK patients' QOL was decreased by a moderate degree. In this study, pathogenic mutations' allele frequencies in SERPINB7 were updated, and prevalence of NPPK in China was estimated. This large-scale cohort study provides evidence-based recommendations for patient management. Identification of new mutations are important for timely diagnosis of NPPK. Palmoplantar peeling in children can be used as a hallmark for early recognition of NPPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lemuel Shui-Lun Tsang
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoqing Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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Mohamad J, Samuelov L, Assaf S, Malki L, Malovitski K, Meijers O, Adir N, Granot E, Pavlovsky M, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis caused by a pathogenic missense variant in CLDN1. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2879-2887. [PMID: 35920354 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) refers to a large and genetically heterogenous group of non-syndromic disorders of cornification featuring diffuse scaling. Ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis (ILVASC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic form of ichthyosis. The disease usually results from premature termination codon-causing pathogenic variants in CLDN1 encoding CLAUDIN-1 (CLDN1). We used whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, 3D protein modeling, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to delineate the genetic basis of ichthyosis in two siblings with ichthyosis but no other ectodermal abnormalities. One of the two siblings underwent liver transplantation in early childhood due to biliary atresia. Both patients were found to carry a homozygous missense pathogenic variant, c.242G>A (p.Arg81His), in CLDN1. The variant resulted in decreased CLDN1 expression in patient skin. 3D protein modeling predicted that p.Arg81His induces deleterious conformational changes. Accordingly, HaCaT cells transfected with a construct expressing the mutant CLDN1 cDNA featured decreased levels and mislocation of CLDN1 as compared with cells expressing the wildtype cDNA. In conclusion, we describe the first pathogenic missense variant in CLDN1 shown to result in ARCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janan Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Malki
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odile Meijers
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Malovitski K, Sarig O, Assaf S, Mohamad J, Malki L, Bergson S, Peled A, Eskin-Schwartz M, Gat A, Pavlovsky M, Sprecher E. Loss-of-function variants in KLF4 underlie autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma. Genet Med 2022; 24:1085-1095. [PMID: 35168889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) form a group of disorders characterized by thickening of palm and sole skin. Over the past 2 decades, many types of inherited PPKs have been found to result from abnormal expression, processing, or function of adhesion proteins. METHODS We used exome and direct sequencing to detect causative pathogenic variants. Functional analysis of these variants was conducted using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, a promoter reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We identified 2 heterozygous variants (c.1226A>G and c.633_634dupGT) in KLF4 in 3 individuals from 2 different unrelated families affected by a dominant form of PPK. Immunofluorescence staining for a number of functional markers revealed reduced epidermal DSG1 expression in patients harboring heterozygous KLF4 variants. Accordingly, human keratinocytes either transfected with constructs expressing these variants or downregulated for KLF4 displayed reduced DSG1 expression, which in turn has previously been found to be associated with PPK. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed direct binding of KLF4 to the DSG1 promoter region. The ability of mutant KLF4 to transactivate the DSG1 promoter was significantly decreased when compared with wild-type KLF4. CONCLUSION Loss-of-function variants in KLF4 cause a novel form of dominant PPK and show its importance in the regulation of epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Janan Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Malki
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Bergson
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Genetic Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrea Gat
- Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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8
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Liu J, Song Z, Hu L, Mo R, Chen Z, Yang Y. Novel and Founder Variants of SERPINA12 in Chinese Patients with Autosomal Recessive Palmoplantar Keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:267-270. [PMID: 35199331 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjian Tan
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Cohen-Barak E, Azzam W, Koetsier JL, Danial-Farran N, Barcan M, Hriesh M, Khayat M, Edison N, Krausz J, Gafni-Amsalem C, Kubo A, Godsel LM, Ziv M, Allon-Shalev S. Acral peeling in Nagashima type palmo-plantar keratosis patients reveals the role of serine protease inhibitor B 7 in keratinocyte adhesion. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:214-222. [PMID: 34379845 PMCID: PMC8831670 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acral peeling skin syndrome (APSS) is a heterogenous group of genodermatoses, manifested by peeling of palmo-plantar skin and occasionally associated with erythema and epidermal thickening. A subset of APSS is caused by mutations in protease inhibitor encoding genes, resulting in unopposed protease activity and desmosomal degradation and/or mis-localization, leading to enhanced epidermal desquamation. We investigated two Arab-Muslim siblings with mild keratoderma and prominent APSS since infancy. Genetic analysis disclosed a homozygous mutation in SERPINB7, c.796C > T, which is the founder mutation in Nagashima type palmo-plantar keratosis (NPPK). Although not previously formally reported, APSS was found in other patients with NPPK. We hypothesized that loss of SERPINB7 function might contribute to the peeling phenotype through impairment of keratinocyte adhesion, similar to other protease inhibitor mutations that cause APSS. Mis-localization of desmosomal components was observed in a patient plantar biopsy compared with a biopsy from an age- and gender-matched healthy control. Silencing of SERPINB7 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes led to increased cell sheet fragmentation upon mechanical stress. Immunostaining showed reduced expression of desmoglein 1 and desmocollin 1. This study shows that in addition to stratum corneum perturbation, loss of SERPINB7 disrupts desmosomal components, which could lead to desquamation, manifested by skin peeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel,Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wassim Azzam
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Moran Barcan
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Maysa Hriesh
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Natalia Edison
- Department of Pathology, “Emek” Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Judith Krausz
- Department of Pathology, “Emek” Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa M. Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael Ziv
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Stavit Allon-Shalev
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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10
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Experimental Models for the Study of Hereditary Cornification Defects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030238. [PMID: 33652877 PMCID: PMC7996736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyoses comprise a broad spectrum of keratinization disorders due to hereditary defects of cornification. Until now, mutations in more than 50 genes, mostly coding for structural proteins involved in epidermal barrier formation, have been identified as causes for different types of these keratinization disorders. However, due to the high heterogeneity and difficulties in the establishment of valid experimental models, research in this field remains challenging and translation of novel findings to clinical practice is difficult. In this review, we provide an overview of existing models to study hereditary cornification defects with focus on ichthyoses and palmoplantar keratodermas.
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11
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Rabinowitz T, Deri-Rozov S, Shomron N. Improved noninvasive fetal variant calling using standardized benchmarking approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:509-517. [PMID: 33510858 PMCID: PMC7809098 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) enables risk-free detection of genetic conditions in the fetus, by analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal blood. For chromosomal abnormalities, NIPT often effectively replaces invasive tests (e.g. amniocentesis), although it is considered as screening rather than diagnostics. Most recently, the NIPT has been applied to genome-wide, comprehensive genotyping of the fetus using cfDNA, i.e. identifying all its genetic variants and mutations. Previously, we suggested that NIPD should be treated as a special case of variant calling, and presented Hoobari, the first software tool for noninvasive fetal variant calling. Using a unique pipeline, we were able to comprehensively decipher the inheritance of SNPs and indels. A few caveats still exist in this pipeline. Performance was lower for indels and biparental loci (i.e. where both parents carry the same mutation), and performance was not uniform across the genome. Here we utilized standardized methods for benchmarking of variant calling pipelines and applied them to noninvasive fetal variant calling. By using the best performing pipeline and by focusing on coding regions, we showed that noninvasive fetal genotyping greatly improves performance, particularly in indels and biparental loci. These results emphasize the importance of using widely accepted concepts to describe the challenge of genome-wide NIPT of point mutations; and demonstrate a benchmarking process for the first time in this field. This study brings genome-wide and complete NIPD closer to the clinic; while potentially alleviating uncertainty and anxiety during pregnancy, and promoting informed choices among families and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rabinowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shira Deri-Rozov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Steele L, Tawfik SS, O'Toole EA. The Proteolytic Network in Palmoplantar Keratoderma: SERPINA12 Joins the Family. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2111-2113. [PMID: 33099397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mohamad et al. (2020) describe loss-of-function mutations in SERPINA12 as a cause of diffuse, transgradient palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). This disorder shares similar clinical features with other PPKs caused by protease overactivity, including erythema, peeling, and exacerbation on water exposure. Understanding this disorder may shed further light on the role of proteases and their inhibitors in epidermal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Steele
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha S Tawfik
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Rabinowitz T, Shomron N. Genome-wide noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders: Current and future trends. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2463-2470. [PMID: 33005308 PMCID: PMC7509788 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is a risk-free alternative to invasive methods for prenatal diagnosis, e.g. amniocentesis. NIPD is based on the presence of fetal DNA within the mother’s plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Though currently available for various monogenic diseases through detection of point mutations, NIPD is limited to detecting one mutation or up to several genes simultaneously. Noninvasive prenatal whole exome/genome sequencing (WES/WGS) has demonstrated genome-wide detection of fetal point mutations in a few studies. However, Genome-wide NIPD of monogenic disorders currently has several challenges and limitations, mainly due to the small amounts of cfDNA and fetal-derived fragments, and the deep coverage required. Several approaches have been suggested for addressing these hurdles, based on various technologies and algorithms. The first relevant software tool, Hoobari, recently became available. Here we review the approaches proposed and the paths required to make genome-wide monogenic NIPD widely available in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rabinowitz
- Faculty of Medicine and Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine and Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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