PHLDA3 is an important downstream mediator of p53 in squamous cell carcinogenesis

The Role of PHLDA3 in Cancer Progression and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target

Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) is a p53-regulated tumor suppressor protein that suppresses AKT-mediated survival and oncogenic signaling. The PHLDA3 gene has garnered significant attention due to its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion. This review explores the complex interactions between PHLDA3 and key cellular processes involved in cancer, emphasizing its regulatory mechanisms and clinical relevance. PHLDA3 has been found to be a critical regulator of metastatic pathways, particularly through its influence on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in cellular invasion. Its interactions with pivotal signaling pathways, such as the Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), p53, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, highlight its multifunctional roles in various cancer types. Additionally, we discuss the potential of PHLDA3 as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target, offering new insights into its potential in treating advanced-stage malignancies. This review provides a detailed analysis of the role of PHLDA3 in cancer progression, including metastasis and invasion, underscoring its therapeutic potential.

A novel support vector machine-based 1-day, single-dose prediction model of genotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity in rats

The development of a rapid and accurate model for determining the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals is crucial for effective cancer risk assessment. This study aims to develop a 1-day, single-dose model for identifying genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (GHCs) in rats. Microarray gene expression data from the livers of rats administered a single dose of 58 compounds, including 5 GHCs, was obtained from the Open TG-GATEs database and used for the identification of marker genes and the construction of a predictive classifier to identify GHCs in rats. We identified 10 gene markers commonly responsive to all 5 GHCs and used them to construct a support vector machine-based predictive classifier. In the silico validation using the expression data of the Open TG-GATEs database indicates that this classifier distinguishes GHCs from other compounds with high accuracy. To further assess the model's effectiveness and reliability, we conducted multi-institutional 1-day single oral administration studies on rats. These studies examined 64 compounds, including 23 GHCs, with gene expression data of the marker genes obtained via quantitative PCR 24 h after a single oral administration. Our results demonstrate that qPCR analysis is an effective alternative to microarray analysis. The GHC predictive model showed high accuracy and reliability, achieving a sensitivity of 91% (21/23) and a specificity of 93% (38/41) across multiple validation studies in three institutions. In conclusion, the present 1-day single oral administration model proves to be a reliable and highly sensitive tool for identifying GHCs and is anticipated to be a valuable tool in identifying and screening potential GHCs.

Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3, a miR-19a-3p-regulated gene, suppresses tumor growth in osteosarcoma by downregulating the Akt pathway

Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3), is emerging as a critical regulator for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the expression and role of PHLDA3 in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Herein, we purposed to elucidate the role of PHLDA3 in the progression and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. According to the bioinformatics analysis, PHLDA3 expression was low in osteosarcoma patients, and low content was linked to poor prognosis. Additionally, activation of PHLDA3 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance, whereas PHLDA3 inhibition caused the opposite effects. Mechanistically, our data revealed that PHLDA3 negatively regulates the Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we found that miR-19a-3p might exert its oncogenic function by inhibiting PHLDA3 expression in osteosarcoma. These results demonstrated miR-19a-3p/ PHLDA3/ Akt/GSK3β axis has a pivotal role in osteosarcoma, and PHLDA3 is a prospective therapeutic target for treating osteosarcoma.