Non-invasive image-based cytometry for high throughput NK cell cytolysis analysis

A comprehensive update on the application of high-throughput fluorescence imaging for novel drug discovery

INTRODUCTION

High-throughput fluorescence imaging (HTFI) is revolutionizing drug discovery by enabling rapid and precise detection of biological targets and cellular processes. Recent advances in fluorescence imaging technologies now provide unprecedented sensitivity, resolution, and throughput. Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into HTFI workflows significantly enhances data processing, aiding in hit identification, pattern recognition, and mechanistic understanding.

AREAS COVERED

This review outlines recent technological developments, integration strategies, and emerging applications of HTFI. It emphasizes HTFI's role in phenotypic screening, especially for complex diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections. Additionally, it highlights advances in 3D culture systems, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, which facilitate physiologically relevant testing, improved predictive accuracy, and translational potential, alongside innovative molecular probes and biosensors.

EXPERT OPINION

Despite its advancements, HTFI faces ongoing challenges, including data standardization, integration with multi-omics approaches, and scalability of advanced models. However, recent progress in organoid and 3D modeling technologies has enhanced the physiological relevance of HTFI assays, complemented by sophisticated AI and ML-driven data analysis techniques.

Meta-analysis of natural killer cell cytotoxicity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Reduced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity is the most consistent immune finding in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Meta-analysis of the published literature determined the effect size of the decrement in ME/CFS. Databases were screened for papers comparing NK cell cytotoxicity in ME/CFS and healthy controls. A total of 28 papers and 55 effector:target cell ratio (E:T) data points were collected. Cytotoxicity in ME/CFS was significantly reduced to about half of healthy control levels, with an overall Hedges' g of 0.96 (0.75-1.18). Heterogeneity was high but was explained by the range of E:T ratios, different methods, and potential outliers. The outcomes confirm reproducible NK cell dysfunction in ME/CFS and will guide studies using the NK cell model system for pathomechanistic investigations.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024542140.

Sensor extended imaging workflow for creating fit for purpose models in basic and applied cell biology

While various engineering disciplines spent years on developing methods and workflows to increase their R&D efficiency, the field of cell biology has seen limited evolution in the fundamental approaches to interact with living cells. Perturbations are mostly of chemical nature, and physiologically relevant contexts and stimuli are left with limited attention, resulting in a solution space constrained within the boundaries of presently manageable perturbations. To predict in the laboratory how a drug will work in a human patient, cell biology must have a closer look at life and strive to mimic the human being in all his complexity. By implementing an iterative process from perturbation to measurement and vice versa, the authors suggest using a sensor-extended imaging workflow to implement product development practices to cell biology, opening a physiologically relevant solution space for the development of truly translational and predictive fit for purpose in vitro cell models.