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Trecarichi EM, Olivadese V, Davoli C, Rotundo S, Serapide F, Lionello R, Tassone B, La Gamba V, Fusco P, Russo A, Borelli M, Torti C. Evolution of in-hospital patient characteristics and predictors of death in the COVID-19 pandemic across four waves: are they moving targets with implications for patient care? Front Public Health 2024; 11:1280835. [PMID: 38249374 PMCID: PMC10800172 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this work was to study characteristics, outcomes and predictors of all-cause death in inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection across the pandemic waves in one large teaching hospital in Italy to optimize disease management. Methods All patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to our center from March 2020 to June 2022 were included in this retrospective observational cohort study. Both descriptive and regression tree analyses were applied to identify factors influencing all-cause mortality. Results 527 patients were included in the study (65.3% with moderate and 34.7% with severe COVID-19). Significant evolutions of patient characteristics were found, and mortality increased in the last wave with respect to the third wave notwithstanding vaccination. Regression tree analysis showed that in-patients with severe COVID-19 had the greatest mortality across all waves, especially the older adults, while prognosis depended on the pandemic waves in patients with moderate COVID-19: during the first wave, dyspnea was the main predictor, while chronic kidney disease emerged as determinant factor afterwards. Conclusion Patients with severe COVID-19, especially the older adults during all waves, as well as those with moderate COVID-19 and concomitant chronic kidney disease during the most recent waves require more attention for monitoring and care. Therefore, our study drives attention towards the importance of co-morbidities and their clinical impact in patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital, indicating that the healthcare system should adapt to the evolving features of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivadese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Davoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tassone
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina La Gamba
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, “Renato Dulbecco” Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Borelli
- UMG School of PhD Programmes "Life Sciences and Technologies", “Magna Graecia” University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Buyukaydin B, Karaaslan T, Uysal O. Evaluation of risk scores as predictors of mortality and hospital length of stay for older COVID-19 patients. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:56-62. [PMID: 36911090 PMCID: PMC10000259 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was intended to research the sensitivity of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), COVID-GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores for hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality in older patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A total of 217 patients (119 women) were included in the study. The first clinical signs, comorbidities, laboratory and radiology findings, and hospital LOS were recorded for each patient. The CCI, COVID-GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores were calculated, and their sensitivities for hospital LOS and mortality were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Of the hospitalized patients, 59 (27.2%) were followed in the intensive care unit, and mortality developed in 44 (20.3%). The CCI positively correlated with COVID-GRAM and MuLBSTA scores (P < 0.001). COVID-GRAM and MuLBSTA results correlated with LOS and mortality (P < 0.001). According to the ROC curve analysis, the cutoff points for mortality were 5 for CCI, 169 for COVID-GRAM, and 9 for MuLBSTA. Conclusion Older patients with comorbidities are the major risk group for severe COVID-19. COVID-GRAM and MuLBSTA scores appear to be sensitive and reliable mortality indicators for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Buyukaydin
- Department of Internal Medicine Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tahsin Karaaslan
- Department of Nephrology Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
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Portolés J, López-Sánchez P, Martin-Rodríguez L, Serrano-Salazar ML, Valdenebro-Recio M, Ramos A, Malo RM, Zalamea F, Martin-Giner JM, Marques M, Ortiz A. Acute and chronic kidney disease and risk of hospital mortality during COVID-19 pandemic waves in the pre-vaccination era. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:374-383. [PMID: 36751624 PMCID: PMC9620382 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and COVID-19 may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) which also influences outcomes. There is little information on the independent contribution of CKD and AKI to the risk of death in COVID-19 on different waves, as CKD is a key risk factor for AKI. Methods We have studied the epidemiology of CKD and AKI in 2878 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and their independent association with in-hospital mortality in the two largest pre-vaccination COVID-19 waves in Madrid, Spain. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were grouped into four mutually exclusive categories: previous-CKD, community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI), hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) and normal renal function throughout hospitalization. Results Pre-existent or acquired kidney involvement was observed in 35.5% and 36.8% of COVID-19 patients in the 1st and 3rd waves, respectively. Overall, 13.9% of patients with normal kidney function on arrival developed HA-AKI. In the 3rd wave, CA-AKI was more common than in the 1st wave. Overall, 9%-20% of CKD cases and 22%-40% of AKI cases remained undiagnosed in the discharge report. CKD, CA-AKI and HA-AKI were independently associated with risk of death in multivariate analysis, with HA-AKI, which was usually mild, being the most relevant independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. A model including kidney involvement category, age, Charlson index, admission lactate dehydrogenase and lymphocytes predicted death with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.898. Conclusion In conclusion, CKD and AKI were common in pre-vaccination waves among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and were independent risk factors for death, even when AKI was mild to moderate, and despite improvements in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Portolés
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/009 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,BIGSEN-Big Data, Inteligencia Artificial-S.E.N
| | - Paula López-Sánchez
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Luisa Serrano-Salazar
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/009 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valdenebro-Recio
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/009 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Malo
- Pneumology and Lung Transplant Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Zalamea
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/009 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Marques
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/009 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain,Research Network REDInREN 016/009/001 Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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