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Yuan R, Chen H, Yi L, Li X, Hu X, Li X, Zhang H, Zhou P, Liang C, Lin H, Zeng L, Zhuang X, Ruan Q, Chen Y, Deng Y, Liu Z, Lu J, Xiao J, Chen L, Xiao X, Li J, Li B, Li Y, He J, Sun J. Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in returning Chinese individuals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300208. [PMID: 38191194 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global COVID-19 vaccination programs effectively contained the fast spread of SARS-CoV-2. Characterizing the immunity status of returned populations will favor understanding the achievement of herd immunity and long-term management of COVID-19 in China. Individuals were recruited from 7 quarantine stations in Guangzhou, China. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from participants, and their immunity status was determined through competitive ELISA, microneutralization assay and enzyme-linked FluoroSpot assay. A total of 272 subjects were involved in the questionnaire survey, of whom 235 (86.4%) were returning Chinese individuals and 37 (13.6%) were foreigners. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from 108 returning Chinese individuals. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in ~90% of returning Chinese individuals, either in the primary or the homologous and heterologous booster vaccination group. The serum NAb titers were significantly decreased against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB.1 compared with the prototype virus. However, memory T-cell responses, including specific IFN-γ and IL-2 responses, were not different in either group. Smoking, alcohol consumption, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and the time interval between last vaccination and sampling were independent influencing factors for NAb titers against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. The vaccine dose was the unique common influencing factor for Omicron subvariants. Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was established in returning Chinese individuals who were exposed to reinfection and vaccination. Domestic residents will benefit from booster homologous or heterologous COVID-19 vaccination after reopening of China, which is also useful against breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Yuan
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yi
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximing Hu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chumin Liang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lin
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilian Zeng
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhuang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - QianQian Ruan
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyin Deng
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincai Xiao
- Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Quality Control Department, Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao XJ, Liu XL, Liang YM, Zhang S, Liu T, Li LB, Jiang WG, Chen JJ, Xu Q, Lv CL, Jiang BG, Kou ZQ, Wang GL, Fang LQ. Epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics of elderly population with booster vaccination following both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29640. [PMID: 38699969 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
After the termination of zero-COVID-19 policy, the populace in China has experienced both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. Considering the poor antibody responses and severe outcomes observed among the elderly following infection, we conducted a longitudinal investigation to examine the epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics among 107 boosted elderly participants following the Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. We observed that 96 participants (89.7%) were infected with Omicron BA.5, while 59 (55.1%) participants were infected with Omicron XBB. Notably, 52 participants (48.6%) experienced dual infections of both Omicron BA.5 and XBB. The proportion of symptomatic cases appeared to decrease following the XBB wave (18.6%) compared to that after the BA.5 wave (59.3%). Omicron BA.5 breakthrough infection induced lower neutralizing antibody titers against XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1, while reinfection with Omicron XBB broadened the antibody responses against all measured Omicron subvariants and may alleviate the wild type-vaccination induced immune imprinting. Boosted vaccination type and comorbidities were the significant factors associated with antibody responses. Updated vaccines based on emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants are needed to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Min Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ti Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Bo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Wen-Guo Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Kou
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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