1
|
Busemann A, Araman C, Flaspohler I, Pratesi A, Zhou XQ, van Rixel VHS, Siegler MA, Messori L, van Kasteren SI, Bonnet S. Alkyne Functionalization of a Photoactivated Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex for Click-Enabled Serum Albumin Interaction Studies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7710-7720. [PMID: 32396371 PMCID: PMC7268191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Studying metal-protein
interactions is key for understanding the
fate of metallodrugs in biological systems. When a metal complex is
not emissive and too weakly bound for mass spectrometry analysis,
however, it may become challenging to study such interactions. In
this work a synthetic procedure was developed for the alkyne functionalization
of a photolabile ruthenium polypyridyl complex, [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Hmte)](PF6)2, where tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine,
bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, and Hmte = 2-(methylthio)ethanol. In
the functionalized complex [Ru(HCC-tpy)(bpy)(Hmte)](PF6)2, where HCC-tpy = 4′-ethynyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine,
the alkyne group can be used for bioorthogonal ligation to an azide-labeled
fluorophore using copper-catalyzed “click” chemistry.
We developed a gel-based click chemistry method to study the interaction
between this ruthenium complex and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Our
results demonstrate that visualization of the interaction between
the metal complex and the protein is possible, even when this interaction
is too weak to be studied by conventional means such as UV–vis
spectroscopy or ESI mass spectrometry. In addition, the weak metal
complex-protein interaction is controlled by visible light irradiation, i.e., the complex and the protein do not interact in the
dark, but they do interact via weak van der Waals
interactions after light activation of the complex, which triggers
photosubstitution of the Hmte ligand. A “clickable”
and photosubstitutionally active
ruthenium complex has been prepared that bears a terminal alkyne group.
In the dark, the saturated coordination sphere of the complex prevents
it from interacting with serum albumin. Upon photosubstitution of
one ligand, the complex interacts with the protein via weak interactions that were visualized using copper-catalyzed “click”
chemistry postfunctionalization with an azide fluorophore on polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis. These studies demonstrate that the metal-protein
interaction is triggered by light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Busemann
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Flaspohler
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H S van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Facility, Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Altmann S, Choroba K, Skonieczna M, Zygadło D, Raczyńska-Szajgin M, Maroń A, Małecki JG, Szłapa-Kula A, Tomczyk M, Ratuszna A, Machura B, Szurko A. Platinum(II) coordination compounds with 4'-pyridyl functionalized 2,2':6',2″-terpyridines as an alternative to enhanced chemotherapy efficacy and reduced side-effects. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110809. [PMID: 31494527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two platinum(II) coordination compounds, [PtCl(4'-R1-terpy)](SO3CF3) (1) and [PtCl(4'-R2-terpy)](SO3CF3) (2), with 4'-(2-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (4'-R1-terpy) or 4'-(3-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (4'-R2-terpy) were synthesized and the impact of the pendant pyridyl ring on the structure and cytotoxic activity of Pt(II)-terpyridine complexes was explored. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed square planar coordination of the cations [PtCl(4'-Rn-terpy)]+. The mode of binding of 1 and 2 to calf thymus DNA was examined by UV-Vis absorption titration, ethidium displacement assay and reaction with 9-ethylguanine, and the mixed covalent-intercalative mode was demonstrated. The cytotoxicity of the Pt(II) complexes against six cancer cell lines and three normal ones was determined using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and compared to cisplatin. The IC50 values for the compound 2 towards the cancer cell lines are in the low micromolar range. Most remarkably, 2 was over 4 times more effective than 1 and cisplatin against non-small lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and its selectivity index was ~60-80 times higher than that for 1 and cisplatin. The mechanisms underlying the loss of viability under treatment of 2 was further investigated including F-actin staining, mitotic index analysis, cytometric cell cycle analysis, Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -conjugated Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide (PI) staining, measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, analysis of changes in the mitochondrial mass and potential and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) genes analysis. The compound 2 was found to have a pro-oxidative effect by strong stimulation of cells for the production of reactive oxygen species and cytostatic effect through cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Altmann
- Silesia Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Choroba
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Zygadło
- Silesia Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Raczyńska-Szajgin
- Silesia Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Department of Biophysics and Morphogenesis of Plants, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Maroń
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szłapa-Kula
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Tomczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- Silesia Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szurko
- Silesia Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seong EY, Kim JH, Kim NH, Ahn KH, Kang EJ. Multifunctional and Sustainable Fe-Iminopyridine Complexes for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:409-415. [PMID: 30654413 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of multifunctional and sustainable Fe catalysts for the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide at 80 °C and 3 bar pressure is presented. The optimal catalyst possesses a halide counteranion and a hydrogen bond donor to activate the epoxide for ring opening, affording a single-component, cocatalyst-free catalytic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Seong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Milutinović MM, Rilak A, Bratsos I, Klisurić O, Vraneš M, Gligorijević N, Radulović S, Bugarčić ŽD. New 4′-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine ruthenium(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, interaction with DNA/BSA and cytotoxicity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 169:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
5
|
Siewert B, van Rixel VHS, van Rooden EJ, Hopkins SL, Moester MJB, Ariese F, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Chemical Swarming: Depending on Concentration, an Amphiphilic Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex Induces Cell Death via Two Different Mechanisms. Chemistry 2016; 22:10960-8. [PMID: 27373895 PMCID: PMC5096026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure and in vitro cytotoxicity of the amphiphilic ruthenium complex [3](PF6 )2 are reported. Complex [3](PF6 )2 contains a Ru-S bond that is stable in the dark in cell-growing medium, but is photosensitive. Upon blue-light irradiation, complex [3](PF6 )2 releases the cholesterol-thioether ligand 2 and an aqua ruthenium complex [1](PF6 )2 . Although ligand 2 and complex [1](PF6 )2 are by themselves not cytotoxic, complex [3](PF6 )2 was unexpectedly found to be as cytotoxic as cisplatin in the dark, that is, with micromolar effective concentrations (EC50 ), against six human cancer cell lines (A375, A431, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and U87MG). Blue-light irradiation (λ=450 nm, 6.3 J cm(-2) ) had little influence on the cytotoxicity of [3](PF6 )2 after 6 h of incubation time, but it increased the cytotoxicity of the complex by a factor 2 after longer (24 h) incubation. Exploring the unexpected biological activity of [3](PF6 )2 in the dark elucidated an as-yet unknown bifaceted mode of action that depended on concentration, and thus, on the aggregation state of the compound. At low concentration, it acts as a monomer, inserts into the membrane, and can deliver [1](2+) inside the cell upon blue-light activation. At higher concentrations (>3-5 μm), complex [3](PF6 )2 forms supramolecular aggregates that induce non-apoptotic cell death by permeabilizing cell membranes and extracting lipids and membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Siewert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands), FAX
| | - Vincent H S van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands), FAX
| | - Eva J van Rooden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands), FAX
| | - Samantha L Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands), FAX
| | - Miriam J B Moester
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freek Ariese
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Crystallography Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands), FAX.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jhou YR, Chiou CH, Ni LK, Chen LC, Chen YH, Chen CC. Cellular Uptake of a Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complex Revealed Using a Fluorescent Rhodamine-modified Ruthenium Complex. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|