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Gomez-Lopez S, Serrano R, Cohen B, Martinez-Argudo I, Lopez-Sanz L, Guadamillas MC, Calero R, Ruiz MJ. Novel Titanocene Y derivative with albumin affinity exhibits improved anticancer activity against platinum resistant cells. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112520. [PMID: 38460481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of Ti(IV)-based compounds put them in the spotlight for cancer treatment in the past, but their lack of stability in vivo due to a high rate of hydrolysis has hindered their development as antitumor drugs. As a possible solution for this problem, we have reported a synthesis strategy through which we combined a titanocene fragment, a tridentate ligand, and a long aliphatic chain. This strategy allowed us to generate a titanium compound (Myr-Ti) capable of interacting with albumin, highly stable in water and with cytotoxic activity in tumor cells[1]. Following a similar strategy, now we report the synthesis of a new compound (Myr-TiY) derived from titanocene Y that shows antitumoral activity in a cisplatin resistant model with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 41-76 μM. This new compound shows high stability and a strong interaction with human serum albumin. Myr-TiY has a significant antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on the tested cancer cells and shows potential tumor selectivity when assayed in non-tumor human epithelial cells being more selective (1.3-3.8 times) for tumor cells than cisplatin. These results lead us to think that the described synthesis strategy could be useful to generate compounds for the treatment of both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gomez-Lopez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosario Serrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Boiko Cohen
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Martinez-Argudo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Sanz
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Carmen Guadamillas
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Raul Calero
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Sahu G, Sahu K, Patra SA, Mohapatra D, Khangar R, Sengupta S, Dinda R. Hydrolytically Stable Ti IV-Hydrazone-Based Metallodrugs: Protein Interaction and Anticancer Potential. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5360-5371. [PMID: 38019535 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three titanium(IV) [TiIV(L1-3)2] (1-3) complexes have been reported using three different tridentate dibasic ONO donor hydrazone ligands, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L1), furan-2-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L2), and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L3) tethered with heterocyclic moieties. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis have been used to characterize H2L1-3 and 1-3. In solid structures of 1-3, two ligand molecules with N2O4 donor sets give distorted octahedral geometries to the metal center. The aqueous stability of 1-3 was investigated and well correlated to their perceived pharmacological results. During the investigation, all three complexes were found to be hydrolytically stable in a 90% DMSO-d6/10% D2O (v/v) medium up to 48 h. Furthermore, the interaction of 1-3 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was tested using fluorescence and absorption techniques. The complexes showed static quenching with a biomolecular quenching constant of Kq ∼ 1013 proposing a high affinity of complexes for BSA. Finally, the anticancer potential of 1-3 was tested against HeLa, A549, and NIH-3T3 cell lines. Among all, 1 with an IC50 value of 11.6 ± 1.1 μM against HeLa cells was found to be the most cytotoxic in the series. Furthermore, it has been found that the compounds induce an apoptotic mode of cell death, which is confirmed by the live cell confocal microscopy and flow cytometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Kausik Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Deepika Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Ravi Khangar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Hayet S, Ghrayeb M, Azulay DN, Shpilt Z, Tshuva EY, Chai L. Titanium complexes affect Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:983-991. [PMID: 37252093 PMCID: PMC10211322 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface or interface-associated communities of bacterial cells, embedded in a self-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells in biofilms are 100-1000 times more resistant to antibiotic treatment relative to planktonic cells due to various reasons, including the ECM acting as a diffusion barrier to antibiotic molecules, the presence of persister cells that divide slowly and are less susceptible to cell-wall targeting drugs, and the activation of efflux pumps in response to antibiotic stress. In this study we tested the effect of two titanium(iv) complexes that have been previously reported as potent and non-toxic anticancer chemotherapeutic agents on Bacillus subtilis cells in culture and in biofilm forming conditions. The Ti(iv) complexes tested, a hexacoordinate diaminobis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) complex (phenolaTi) and a bis(isopropoxo) complex of a diaminobis(phenolato) "salan"-type ligand (salanTi), did not affect the growth rate of cells in shaken cultures, however they did affect biofilm formation. Surprisingly, while phenolaTi inhibited biofilm formation, the presence of salanTi induced the formation of more mechanically robust biofilms. Optical microscopy images of biofilm samples in the absence and presence of Ti(iv) complexes suggest that Ti(iv) complexes affect cell-cell and/or cell-matrix adhesion, and that these are interfered with phenolaTi and enhanced by salanTi. Our results highlight the possible effect of Ti(iv) complexes on bacterial biofilms, which is gaining interest in light of the emerging relations between bacteria and cancerous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Hayet
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Mnar Ghrayeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - David N Azulay
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
| | - Liraz Chai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel +972 2 5660425 +972 2 6586084 +972 2 6585303
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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Shpilt Z, Melamed-Book N, Tshuva EY. An anticancer Ti(IV) complex increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels in relation with hypoxia and endoplasmic-reticulum stress: A distinct non DNA-related mechanism. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112197. [PMID: 36963201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
PhenolaTi is a promising Ti(IV) anticancer complex, with high stability and cytotoxicity, without notable toxic side-effects. Its cellular mechanism was proposed to relate to ER stress. Herein, we investigated the downstream effects of this mode of action in two cancer cell lines: ovarian carcinoma A2780 and cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa. First, although Ti(IV) is a non-redox metal, the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with live-cell imaging. Then, we inspected the effect of the mitochondrial ROS on cytotoxicity, using two methods: (a) addition of compounds that either elevate or reduce the mitochondrial glutathione concentration, thus affecting the oxidative state of the cells; and (b) scavenging mitochondrial ROS. Unlike the results observed for cisplatin, neither method influenced the cytotoxicity of phenolaTi, implying that ROS formation was a mere side effect of its activity. Additionally, live cell imaging displayed the hypoxia induced by phenolaTi, which can be associated with ROS formation. Overall, the results support the notion that ER-stress is the main cellular mechanism of phenolaTi, leading to hypoxia and mitochondrial ROS. The distinct mechanism of phenolaTi, which is different from that of cisplatin, combined with its stability and favorable anticancer properties, altogether make it a strong chemotherapeutic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Shpilt
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Naomi Melamed-Book
- The Bio-Imaging Unit, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel..
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Shpilt Z, Tshuva EY. Stable, Cytotoxic, and Fluorescent Ti(IV) Phenolato Complexes – Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Use in Live Cell Imaging. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Pedko A, Rubanovich E, Tshuva EY, Shurki A. Hydrolytically Stable and Cytotoxic [ONO N] 2Ti(IV)-Type Octahedral Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17653-17661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pedko
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9190401, Israel
| | - Eden Rubanovich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9190401, Israel
| | - Avital Shurki
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
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Advantageous Reactivity of Unstable Metal Complexes: Potential Applications of Metal-Based Anticancer Drugs for Intratumoral Injections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040790. [PMID: 35456624 PMCID: PMC9026487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injections of highly cytotoxic or immunomodulating drugs directly into the inoperable tumor is a procedure that is increasingly applied in the clinic and uses established Pt-based drugs. It is advantageous for less stable anticancer metal complexes that fail administration by the standard intravenous route. Such hydrophobic metal-containing complexes are rapidly taken up into cancer cells and cause cell death, while the release of their relatively non-toxic decomposition products into the blood has low systemic toxicity and, in some cases, may even be beneficial. This concept was recently proposed for V(V) complexes with hydrophobic organic ligands, but it can potentially be applied to other metal complexes, such as Ti(IV), Ga(III) and Ru(III) complexes, some of which were previously unsuccessful in human clinical trials when administered via intravenous injections. The potential beneficial effects include antidiabetic, neuroprotective and tissue-regenerating activities for V(V/IV); antimicrobial activities for Ga(III); and antimetastatic and potentially immunogenic activities for Ru(III). Utilizing organic ligands with limited stability under biological conditions, such as Schiff bases, further enhances the tuning of the reactivities of the metal complexes under the conditions of intratumoral injections. However, nanocarrier formulations are likely to be required for the delivery of unstable metal complexes into the tumor.
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Binding of the anticancer Ti(IV) complex phenolaTi to serum proteins: Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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