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Dey A, Kumar R, Dutta B, Bandopadhyay R, Chakrabortty S, Khan MA, Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Jeon BH, Ghosh AK. Synthesis, kinetics, mechanisms, and bioactivity evaluations of a novel Zn(ii) complex. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28693-28702. [PMID: 39257653 PMCID: PMC11384325 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Zn(ii)-based anticancer drugs can be suitable alternatives to conventional Pt(ii)-based drugs because of the unique chemical properties of Zn(ii) and low toxicity. In this study, a new hexadentate and heteroleptic Zn(ii) complex ([Zn(bpy)2(OAc)2], 1) was prepared with a conventional N,N-donor ligand (2,2'-bipyridine) and a leaving group (OAc) and characterized via ESI-MS, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of 1 were performed using two biologically relevant ligands (dl-penicillamine and l-cysteine) to understand its selectivity and reactivity. Substitution reactions were determined to be two-step processes in the associative activation mode. Bioactivity studies of 1 revealed moderate to strong DNA-binding, cleaving ability, and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Burdwan (E) 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental, Engineering, Hanyang University 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Bhramar Dutta
- Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan Burdwan (E) 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan Burdwan (E) 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Sankha Chakrabortty
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggido 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si 10326 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental, Engineering, Hanyang University 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Alak K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Burdwan (E) 713104 West Bengal India
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Vučelj S, Hasić R, Ašanin D, Šmit B, Caković A, Bogojeski J, Serafinović MĆ, Marković BS, Stojanović B, Pavlović S, Stanisavljević I, Ćorović I, Stojanović MD, Jovanović I, Soldatović TV, Stojanović B. Modes of Interactions with DNA/HSA Biomolecules and Comparative Cytotoxic Studies of Newly Synthesized Mononuclear Zinc(II) and Heteronuclear Platinum(II)/Zinc(II) Complexes toward Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3027. [PMID: 38474273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of mono- and heteronuclear platinum(II) and zinc(II) complexes with 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligand were synthesized and characterized. The DNA and protein binding properties of [ZnCl2(terpytBu)] (C1), [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](ClO4)2 (C2), [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](ClO4)2 (C3), [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](CIO4)2 (C4) and [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpytBu)}](CIO4)2 (C5) (where terpytBu = 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine), were investigated by electronic absorption, fluorescence spectroscopic, and molecular docking methods. Complexes featuring transplatin exhibited lower Kb and Ksv constant values compared to cisplatin analogs. The lowest Ksv value belonged to complex C1, while C4 exhibited the highest. Molecular docking studies reveal that the binding of complex C1 to DNA is due to van der Waals forces, while that of C2-C5 is due to conventional hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The tested complexes exhibited variable cytotoxicity toward mouse colorectal carcinoma (CT26), human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116 and SW480), and non-cancerous mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC). Particularly, the mononuclear C1 complex showed pronounced selectivity toward cancer cells over non-cancerous mMSC. The C1 complex notably induced apoptosis in CT26 cells, effectively arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and selectively down-regulated Cyclin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Vučelj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- General Hospital of Novi Pazar, Department of Internal Medicine, Generala Živkovića 1, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Rušid Hasić
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Darko Ašanin
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Šmit
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Angelina Caković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bogojeski
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Simović Marković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Pavlović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora Stanisavljević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Irfan Ćorović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- General Hospital of Novi Pazar, Department of Internal Medicine, Generala Živkovića 1, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijević Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tanja V Soldatović
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, S. Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Du LQ, Zhang TY, Huang XM, Xu Y, Tan MX, Huang Y, Chen Y, Qin QP. Synthesis and anticancer mechanisms of zinc(II)-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4737-4751. [PMID: 36942929 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty new zinc(II) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (H-Q1-H-Q6) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (D1-D10) were synthesized and formulated as [Zn(Q1)2(D1)] (DQ1), [Zn(Q2)2(D2)]·CH3OH (DQ2), [Zn(Q1)2(D3)] (DQ3), [Zn(Q1)2(D4)] (DQ4), [Zn(Q3)2(D5)] (DQ5), [Zn(Q3)2(D4)] (DQ6), [Zn(Q4)2(D5)]·CH3OH (DQ7), [Zn(Q4)2(D6)] (DQ8), [Zn(Q4)2(D3)]·CH3OH (DQ9), [Zn(Q4)2(D1)]·H2O (DQ10), [Zn(Q5)2(D4)] (DQ11), [Zn(Q6)2(D6)]·CH3OH (DQ12), [Zn(Q5)2(D2)]·5CH3OH·H2O (DQ13), [Zn(Q5)2(D7)]·CH3OH (DQ14), [Zn(Q5)2(D8)]·CH2Cl2 (DQ15), [Zn(Q5)2(D9)] (DQ16), [Zn(Q5)2(D1)] (DQ17), [Zn(Q5)2(D5)] (DQ18), [Zn(Q5)2(D10)]·CH2Cl2 (DQ19) and [Zn(Q5)2(D3)] (DQ20). They were characterized using multiple techniques. The cytotoxicity of DQ1-DQ20 was screened using human cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3CR) cells and normal hepatocyte (HL-7702) cells. Complex DQ6 showed low IC50 values (2.25 ± 0.13 μM) on SK-OV-3CR cells, more than 3.0-8.0 times more cytotoxic than DQ1-DQ5 and DQ7-DQ20 (≥6.78 μM), and even 22.2 times more cytotoxic than the standard cisplatin, the corresponding free H-Q1-H-Q6 and D1-D10 alone (>50 μM). As a comparison, DQ1-DQ20 displayed nontoxic rates against healthy HL-7702 cells. Furthermore, DQ6 and DQ11 induced significant apoptosis via mitophagy pathways. DQ6 also significantly inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo SK-OV-3-xenograft model (ca. 49.7%). Thus, DQ6 may serve as a lead complex for the discovery of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yue Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
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