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Frydrychová RČ, Konopová B, Peska V, Brejcha M, Sábová M. Telomeres and telomerase: active but complex players in life-history decisions. Biogerontology 2024; 25:205-226. [PMID: 37610666 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on human telomeres have established that telomeres exert a significant influence on lifespan and health of organisms. However, recent research has indicated that the original idea that telomeres affect lifespan in a universal and central manner across all eukaryotic species is an oversimplification. Indeed, findings from a variety of animal species revealed that the role of telomere biology in aging is more subtle and intricate than previously recognized. Here, we show how telomere biology varies depending on the taxon. We also show how telomere biology corresponds to basic life history traits and affects the life table of a species and investments in growth, body size, reproduction, and lifespan; telomeres are hypothesized to shape evolutionary perspectives for species in an active but complex manner. Our evaluation is based on telomere biology data from many examples from throughout the animal kingdom that vary according to the degree of organismal complexity and life history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Konopová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Brejcha
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Sábová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Porrazzo A, Cipressa F, De Gregorio A, De Pittà C, Sales G, Ciapponi L, Morciano P, Esposito G, Tabocchini MA, Cenci G. Low dose rate γ-irradiation protects fruit fly chromosomes from double strand breaks and telomere fusions by reducing the esi-RNA biogenesis factor Loquacious. Commun Biol 2022; 5:905. [PMID: 36057690 PMCID: PMC9440893 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still continuously debated whether the low-dose/dose-rate (LDR) of ionizing radiation represents a hazard for humans. Model organisms, such as fruit flies, are considered valuable systems to reveal insights into this issue. We found that, in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster larval neuroblasts, the frequency of Chromosome Breaks (CBs), induced by acute γ-irradiation, is considerably reduced when flies are previously exposed to a protracted dose of 0.4 Gy delivered at a dose rate of 2.5 mGy/h. This indicates that this exposure, which is associated with an increased expression of DNA damage response proteins, induces a radioadaptive response (RAR) that protects Drosophila from extensive DNA damage. Interestingly, the same exposure reduces the frequency of telomere fusions (TFs) from Drosophila telomere capping mutants suggesting that the LDR can generally promote a protective response on chromatin sites that are recognized as DNA breaks. Deep RNA sequencing revealed that RAR is associated with a reduced expression of Loquacious D (Loqs-RD) gene that encodes a well-conserved dsRNA binding protein required for esiRNAs biogenesis. Remarkably, loss of Loqs mimics the LDR-mediated chromosome protection as it decreases the IR-induced CBs and TFs frequency. Thus, our molecular characterization of RAR identifies Loqs as a key factor in the cellular response to LDR and in the epigenetic routes involved in radioresistance. Chronic low y-radiation exposure to Drosophila cells decreases chromosome breaks induced by high-dose irradiation and telomere dysfunction by reducing the esiRNA biogenesis factor Loquacious D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porrazzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cipressa
- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - A De Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C De Pittà
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sales
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L Ciapponi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P Morciano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100, Assergi, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita' ISS, Rome, Italy.,INFN-Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
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Čapková Frydrychová R, Mason JM, Peska V. Editorial: Telomere Flexibility and Versatility: A Role of Telomeres in Adaptive Potential. Front Genet 2021; 12:771938. [PMID: 34671387 PMCID: PMC8520972 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.771938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Prušáková D, Peska V, Pekár S, Bubeník M, Čížek L, Bezděk A, Čapková Frydrychová R. Telomeric DNA sequences in beetle taxa vary with species richness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13319. [PMID: 34172809 PMCID: PMC8233369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and disruption of their nucleoprotein composition usually results in genome instability and cell death. Telomeric DNA sequences have generally been found to be exceptionally conserved in evolution, and the most common pattern of telomeric sequences across eukaryotes is (TxAyGz)n maintained by telomerase. However, telomerase-added DNA repeats in some insect taxa frequently vary, show unusual features, and can even be absent. It has been speculated about factors that might allow frequent changes in telomere composition in Insecta. Coleoptera (beetles) is the largest of all insect orders and based on previously available data, it seemed that the telomeric sequence of beetles varies to a great extent. We performed an extensive mapping of the (TTAGG)n sequence, the ancestral telomeric sequence in Insects, across the main branches of Coleoptera. Our study indicates that the (TTAGG)n sequence has been repeatedly or completely lost in more than half of the tested beetle superfamilies. Although the exact telomeric motif in most of the (TTAGG)n-negative beetles is unknown, we found that the (TTAGG)n sequence has been replaced by two alternative telomeric motifs, the (TCAGG)n and (TTAGGG)n, in at least three superfamilies of Coleoptera. The diversity of the telomeric motifs was positively related to the species richness of taxa, regardless of the age of the taxa. The presence/absence of the (TTAGG)n sequence highly varied within the Curculionoidea, Chrysomeloidea, and Staphylinoidea, which are the three most diverse superfamilies within Metazoa. Our data supports the hypothesis that telomere dysfunctions can initiate rapid genomic changes that lead to reproductive isolation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Prušáková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bubeník
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čížek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Bezděk
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Koubová J, Jehlík T, Kodrík D, Sábová M, Šima P, Sehadová H, Závodská R, Frydrychová RČ. Telomerase activity is upregulated in the fat bodies of pre-diapause bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 115:103241. [PMID: 31536769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The attrition of telomeres, the ends of eukaryote chromosomes, and activity of telomerase, the enzyme that restores telomere length, play a role in the ageing process and act as indicators of biological age. A notable feature of advanced eusocial insects is the longevity of reproductive individuals (queens and kings) compared to those from non-reproductive castes (workers and soldiers) within a given species, with a proposed link towards upregulation of telomerase activity in the somatic tissues of reproductive individuals. Given this, eusocial insects provide excellent model systems for research into ageing. We tested telomerase activity and measured telomere length in Bombus terrestris, which is a primitively eusocial insect species with several distinct features compared to advanced social insects. In somatic tissues, telomerase activity was upregulated only in the fat bodies of pre-diapause queens, and this upregulation was linked to heightened DNA synthesis. Telomere length was shorter in old queens compared to that in younger queens or workers. We speculate that (1) the upregulation of telomerase activity, together with DNA synthesis, is the essential step for intensifying metabolic activity in the fat body to build up a sufficient energy reserve prior to diapause, and that (2) the lifespan differences between B. terrestris workers and queens are related to the long diapause period of the queen. A possible relationship between telomere length regulation and TOR, FOXO, and InR as cell signaling components, was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Koubová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jehlík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Sábová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šima
- Koppert s.r.o., Komárňanská cesta 13, 940 01, Nové Zámky, Slovakia
| | - Hana Sehadová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Závodská
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Pedagogy, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Baroli B, Loi E, Solari P, Kasture A, Moi L, Muroni P, Kasture S, Setzu MD, Liscia A, Zavattari P. Evaluation of oxidative stress mechanisms and the effects of phytotherapic extracts on Parkinson's disease Drosophila PINK1B9 model. FASEB J 2019; 33:11028-11034. [PMID: 31291788 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is commonly observed in both idiopathic and genetic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). It plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and it has been associated with altered telomere length (TL). There is currently no cure for PD, and extracts of antioxidative plant, such as Mucuna pruriens and Withania somnifera, are commonly used in Ayurveda to treat patients with PD. In this study, we evaluated 2 enzymatic markers of oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH) system and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and TL in a Drosophila melanogaster model for PD [phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)B9]. This evaluation was also performed after treatment with the phytoextracts. PINK1B9 mutants showed a decrease in GSH amount and SOD activity and unexpected longer telomeres compared with wild-type flies. M. pruriens treatment seemed to have a beneficial effect on the oxidative stress conditions. On the other hand, W. somnifera treatment did not show any improvements in the studied oxidative stress mechanisms and even seemed to favor the selection of flies with longer telomeres. In summary, our study suggests the importance of testing antioxidant phytoextracts in a PINK1B9 model to identify beneficial effects for PD.-Baroli, B., Loi, E., Solari, P., Kasture, A., Moi, L., Muroni, P., Kasture, S., Setzu, M. D., Liscia, A., Zavattari, P. Evaluation of oxidative stress mechanisms and the effects of phytotherapic extracts on Parkinson's disease Drosophila PINK1B9 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Baroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loredana Moi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Muroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Liscia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Costantini D. Hormesis Promotes Evolutionary Change. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819843376. [PMID: 31040761 PMCID: PMC6484245 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819843376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate environmental stress is one important source of evolutionary change. This evidence would support the hypothesis that hormesis is an evolutionary expectation. In this short review, I discuss relevant examples of genetic and phenotypic responses to moderate stress exposure that are compatible with hormesis and with paradigms of evolutionary theory such as evolutionary rescue or phenotypic plasticity. Genetic recombination, nonlethal mutations, activity of transposable elements, or gene expression are some of the molecular mechanisms through which hormesis might enable organisms to maintain or even increase evolutionary fitness in stressful environments. These mechanisms span the tree of life from plants to vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- David Costantini, UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, France.
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